Module 02: Care of Mother and Fetus During Intrapartal Period (Part 01) Flashcards
This is delineated to occur in non-reproductive cells and is known to generate exact copies of their parent cells.
Mitosis
How many chromosomes are entailed from an individual to generate an offspring?
23 chromosomes each
This is delineated to occur among specific reproductive cells or also known as gametes, hence they generate sperm and egg cells that are half of the genetic materials of their parent cells.
Meiosis
What makes mitosis different from meiosis?
(1) Four stages in total (plus the interphase)
(2) Happens in somatic cells
(3) Purpose is cellular proliferation
(4) Produces two diploid daughter cells
(5) Chromosome number remains the same the genetic variation doesn’t change
What makes meiosis different from mitosis?
(1) Eight stages in total (plus the interphase)
(2) Happens in germ cells
(3) Purpose is sexual reproduction
(4) Produces four diploid daughter cells
(5) Chromosome number is halved in each daughter cell and genetic variation is increased
What makes meiosis and mitosis the same?
They produce new cells and have similar basic steps. They both start with a single parent cell.
What is the chromosome of a female and male child respectively?
(A) Female child: XX
(B) Male child: XY
What constitutes the male reproductive system?
(1) Epididymis
(2) Vas Deferens
(3) Seminal Vesicles
(4) Ejaculatory Ducts
(5) Prostate Glands
(6) Bulbourethral glands
(7) Urethra
(8) Penis
What makes the male and female reproductive system comparable?
Although they differ greatly in both appearance and function, they are homologues, that is, they arise from the same or matched embryonic origin.
This is known as the study of male reproductive organs. This is constituted of the male reproductive system’s external and internal divisions.
Andrology
What constitutes that male external structures?
This includes the testes (which are encased in the scrotal sac) and the penis.
This is a rugated, skin-covered, muscular pouch suspended from the perineum. It functions are to support the testes and help regulate the temperature of the sperm.
Scrotum
What happens to the scrotal muscle when the weather is cold or hot?
(A) In cold weather, the scrotal muscle contracts and brings the testes closer to the body.
(B) In very hot weather, the scrotal muscle relaxes allowing the testes to fall away from the body.
Because of the scrotum’s function, the temperature of the testes can remain as even as possible to promote the production and viability of the sperm.
These are known as the two ovoid glands that are 2 to 3 cm wide, that rest in the scrotum. This is often characterized as the male reproductive organ.
Testes
The testes is encased by what?
A white fibrous capsule that is composed of a number of nodules, and each nodule is composed of Leydig cells or interstitial cells that produce testosterone and a seminiferous tubule that produces spermatozoa.
What do Leydig cells or interstitial cells within the testes produce?
Testosterone
What do seminiferous tubules produce within the testes?
Spermatozoa
When does the testes descend among male fetuses?
Testes in a fetus form in the pelvic cavity and then descend late in intrauterine life (about 34th to 38th week of pregnancy) into the scrotal sac. Because this descend occurs late in pregnancy, many male infants born preterm will have undescended testes.
(descent does not occur in the extrauterine life)
This condition is characterized when the testes remains in the pelvic cavity and because of this, it may not produce viable sperm and have a four to seven increase rate of testicular cancer.
Cryptorchidism
How do spermatozoa mature?
(A) The hypothalamus releases GnRH, which in turn influences the anterior pituitary gland to secrete FSH and LH.
(B) Androgen binding protein and testosterone then combine to form sperm formation.
(C) when the production of testosterone reaches peak amount, a feedback effect on the hypothalamus and APG is created, which slows down the production of FSH and LH, which then decreases and regulates sperm production.
This hormone in the male reproductive system is responsible for the release of testosterone from the testes.
Luteinizing Hormone
This hormone in the male reproductive system is responsible for the release of androgen binding protein (ABP).
Follicle Stimulating Hormone
Characterize the testes.
One testis is slightly larger than the other and is suspended slightly lower than the scrotum than the other (usually the left one). Because of this, testes tend to slide past each other more readily on sitting or muscular activity, and there is less possibility of trauma to them.
It normally feels firm, smooth and are egg shaped.
True or false. Spermatozoa can survive at a temperature as high as that of the internal body?
No, the temperature of the testes outside the body which is 1F lower than the internal body temperature, provides protection for sperm survival.