Module 08: Principles of Growth and Development (Part 01) Flashcards
This refers as a unit that is being expressed to different changes that would take place in the lifetime of an individual.
Principles of Growth and Development
Why are the principles of growth and development important?
(A) Because it helps us provide an opportunity to assess our patients.
(B This supplies anticipatory guidance, mostly specifically related to each age group.
This is a term used to denote the increase in physical size or quantitative change. It is something that is measurable.
Growth
What is growth in terms of cellular changes?
Growth involves an increase in cell size due to cell division and protein synthesis, which leads to an increase in the size and weight of body parts.
How is growth in weight measured?
Measured by kilograms or pounds.
How is growth in height measured?
Measured by centimeters or inches.
This indicates an increase in skill or ability to function. It is characterized to be the qualitative change.
Development
How is the development of a child measured?
It is measured by observing the child’s ability to perform a specific task.
(A) Development is measured by observing a child’s ability to perform specific tasks, tracking progress from basic to advanced stages.
(B) Development is supported by learning and maturation, expanding the individual’s capacity to function.
Give an example of a developmental milestone in fine motor skills.
Picking up small objects, like raisins, is an example of a fine motor skill milestone in children.
This is defined as a standardized test to measure the development of a child.
Metro Mania Development Screening Test (MMDST)
What is the general process of Growth & Development (G&D)?
(A) G&D is a continuous process from conception to death, involving new cell growth and the acquisition of new skills.
(B) From newborn to infancy, growth is rapid, with an infant’s weight typically tripling from birth.
(C) It follows a definite and predictable pattern of trends.
Do growth and development follow patterns?
Yes, G&D follow definite, predictable patterns and trends that proceed in an orderly sequence.
(A) Growth in height follows a sequence from shorter to taller over time, typically in an orderly progression.
(B) Motor development follows predictable orders, such as muscle use for creeping, standing, walking, and then running.
(C) There are periods of accelerated and decelerated growth rates.
Do all body systems develop at the same rate?
No, body systems grow at different rates. Some tissues, like neurologic tissue, develop more rapidly than others.
(A) Neurologic tissue experiences peak growth during the first year of life.
(B) Genital tissue completes its growth as the individual reaches puberty.
This pertains to the growth that progresses from the head down to the lower extremities.
Cephalocaudal Development
This pertains to the development where growth starts at the center of the body and moves outward, seen as infants gain shoulder control before fine hand movements.
Proximodistal Development
Describe the initial hand use in infant development.
Infants initially use their hand as one unit before developing the ability to manipulate individual fingers.
What is the sequence from gross to refined skills in development?
Development progresses from gross motor skills to refined skills, in parallel with proximodistal development.
(A) Once children control their toes and other distal body parts, they can progress to more refined, coordinated movements.
Is there an optimal time for learning new skills in children?
Yes, there is an optimal time for learning experiences, depending on when the nervous system is mature enough to support the skill.
(A) Children cannot learn specific skills until their nervous system matures enough to allow for the coordination and control needed for that skill.
Why is nervous system maturity essential for skill development?
Nervous system maturity is essential because it enables the physical control required for skills like sitting, grasping, and walking.
What must occur before an infant can start grasping objects?
The grasp reflex must fade before an infant can intentionally grasp objects.
How do neonatal reflexes affect development?
Neonatal reflexes, like the grasp reflex, must be lost before new, voluntary developmental skills can proceed.
(A) Many skills and behaviors are learned through repeated practice, allowing children to secure each developmental step.
What is the role of practice in child development?
Practice is crucial for refining and mastering new skills, supporting the progression from basic to advanced abilities.
This kind of development proceeds from the head down to the tail, with improvement in structure and function starting in the head, then moving to the trunk, and finally to the legs.
Cephalocaudal Development
What developmental milestones follow the cephalocaudal pattern?
A child first gains head control, then can sit, and eventually learns to walk.