Module 11: Care of a Preschool Child and Family

Question 1

What is the age of a preschool child?

Answer 1

3 to 5 years old

Question 2

What are the physical characteristics of preschoolers (3–5 years old)?

Answer 2

They are slender but sturdy, graceful, agile, and a postural erect stance.

Question 3

How does the abdomen of preschoolers change as they grow?

Answer 3

The abdomen becomes slimmer and more proportionate, resembling child-like proportions.

Question 4

Why do preschoolers become slimmer?

Answer 4

Continuous development of muscles and internal organs reduce fat to accommodate growing organs.

Question 5

What is the average yearly weight gain for preschoolers?

Answer 5

Approximately 2 to 3 kilograms per year

Question 6

How much does a preschooler’s height increase annually?

Answer 6

Height increases by 2.5 to 3.5 inches per year.

Question 7

Which grows more in preschoolers: the trunk or the legs?

Answer 7

The legs increase in length more than the trunk.

Question 7

What is the average weight and height of a 3-year-old?

Answer 7

(A) Weight: 14.5 kg (32 lbs)
(B) Height: 95 cm (37.5 inches)

Question 8

What is the average weight and height of a 4-year-old?

Answer 8

(A) Weight: 16.7 kg (36.8 lbs)
(B) Height: 103 cm (40.5 inches)

Question 9

What is the average weight and height of a 5-year-old?

Answer 9

(A) Weight: 18.7 kg (41.5 lbs)
(B) Height: 110 cm (43.5 inches)

Question 10

What are common vital sign changes in preschoolers?

Answer 10

(A) Pulse rate decreases to 85 bpm
(B) Blood pressure averages 100/60 mmHg

Question 11

What happens to lymphatic tissues in preschoolers?

Answer 11

Lymphatic tissues, such as tonsils, begin to grow.

Question 12

What immune system changes occur in preschoolers?

Answer 12

Increased levels of IgG and IgA antibodies.

Question 13

Why is head circumference no longer checked regularly for preschoolers?

Answer 13

Growth monitoring focuses on weight and height to check for malnutrition.

Question 14

What gross motor skills are developed by 3-year-olds?

Answer 14

They can walk, run, climb, and jump well.

Question 15

What gross motor skills are developed by 4-year-olds?

Answer 15

They can skip and hop on one foot and catch a ball.

Question 16

What gross motor skills are developed by 5-year-olds?

Answer 16

They can skip on alternate feet, jump a rope, and begin to skate and swim.

Question 17

What additional gross motor skills are common in preschoolers?

Answer 17

(A) Riding a bicycle
(B) Tiptoeing
(C) Balancing on one foot
(D) Broad Jump

Question 18

What is the “shape stage” in drawing development, and at what age does it occur?

Answer 18

3 years old

Question 19

What is the “pictorial stage” in drawing development, and at what age does it occur?

Answer 19

4 and 5 years old

Question 20

Why are scribbling and drawing important for preschoolers?

Answer 20

(A) Facilitates learning to read
(B) Helps learn symbolic language
(C) Develops fine motor and eye-hand coordination
(D) Assists in assessing intelligence

Question 21

What is the psychosocial stage of development for preschoolers, according to Erikson?

Answer 21

Initiative vs. Guilt

Question 22

What characterizes the “sense of initiative” in preschoolers?

Answer 22

Energetic learning and a desire to explore and master tasks.

Question 22

What conflicts arise in the “Initiative vs. Guilt” stage?

Answer 22

When there are overstepping limits or bad behaviors that lead to guilt

Question 23

What marks the development of the superego in preschoolers?

Answer 23

Preschoolers begin forming a conscience, understanding right from wrong.

Question 24

Why is it important for preschoolers to develop leadership skills during the "Initiative vs. Guilt" stage?

Answer 24

To avoid guilt and fear of trying new things because of failure.

Question 25

What is the consequence of failure in the "Initiative vs. Guilt" stage?

Answer 25

It may lead to feelings of guilt and fear of attempting new activities.

Question 26

What is the psychosexual stage of preschoolers, according to Freud?

Answer 26

Phallic Stage

Question 27

The phallic stage during pre-schooling age focuses on what?

Answer 27

Differentiation of sexual identity and appropriate behavior.

Question 28

Under this complex, boys are attached to their mothers.

Answer 28

Oedipus complex

Question 29

Under this complex, girls are fond of their fathers.

Answer 29

Electra complex

Question 30

What cognitive phase are preschoolers in, according to Piaget?

Answer 30

The Pre-operational Phase (2–7 years) (A) Preconceptual phase (2–4 years) (B) Intuitive thought phase (4–7 years)

Question 31

This continues to develop but is often used for egocentric communication without full comprehension.

Answer 31

LANGUAGE

Question 32

What is "magical thinking" in preschoolers?

Answer 32

Preschoolers believe they can influence events through their thoughts, seeing themselves as more powerful than they are.

Question 33

What characterizes egocentric communication in preschoolers?

Answer 33

Speech is focused on their own perspective without understanding others' viewpoints.

Question 34

What is the moral stage of preschoolers, according to Kohlberg?

Answer 34

Preschoolers develop basic moral judgment, behaving according to freedom and restrictions.

Question 35

How do 2–4-year-olds determine right and wrong in Kohlberg’s theory?

Answer 35

Their behavior is based on punishment and obedience.

Question 36

How do preschoolers learn about faith and religion?

Answer 36

They learn from significant others in their environment.

Question 37

How is conscience linked to spiritual development in preschoolers?

Answer 37

Their developing conscience helps them understand right and wrong, influencing their spirituality.

Question 38

How do preschoolers begin to understand body image?

Answer 38

Preschoolers recognize what is desirable or undesirable, such as being “pretty” or “ugly,” influenced by caregivers.

Question 39

How can caregivers promote positive body image in preschoolers?

Answer 39

(A) Instilling postive principles (B) Reassuring children, such as using bandages after an injury to address fears of mutilation.

Question 40

Under this, preschoolers imitate behaviors associated with their gender, developing sex-typing based on observed roles.

Answer 40

Sex role imitation

Question 41

Why do preschoolers fear mutilation?

Answer 41

They have a heightened sense of bodily integrity and may fear harm or injury to their bodies.

Question 42

Under this, the child is able to say three to four-word sentences; frequent questions,

Answer 42

3 to 4 years old

Question 43

Under this, the child is able to say four to five-word sentences; improved grammar and sentence structure.

Answer 43

4 to 5 years old

Question 44

How does language develop at 5 years?

Answer 44

Vocabulary grows to about 2100 words.

Question 45

What is a key characteristic of a 6-year-old's speech?

Answer 45

They can use all parts of speech correctly but are not aware of deviations from grammar rules.

Question 46

These preschoolers may acquire more complex sentence structures and show increased grammatical usage and intelligence.

Answer 46

Bilingual preschoolers

Question 47

How do ritualism and negativism change in preschoolers?

Answer 47

Ritualism and negativism gradually diminish as preschoolers become more independent.

Question 48

How independent are preschoolers in daily activities?

Answer 48

Preschoolers can perform tasks like dressing, eating, and toileting independently, though they may need minimal assistance.

Question 49

How do 3–4-year-olds respond to boundaries and warnings?

Answer 49

They may obey warnings but often exceed boundaries due to curiosity and testing limits.

Question 50

How do preschoolers interact socially?

Answer 50

Preschoolers are more sociable and willing to please others.

Question 51

What type of play is common in preschoolers?

Answer 51

Associative play or cooperative play, where children interact and share but do not follow organized rules

Question 52

What benefits does play provide for preschoolers?

Answer 52

Play supports social, physical, and mental development.

Question 53

What types of toys are ideal for preschoolers?

Answer 53

Toys that encourage (A) Imagination (B) Imitation (C) Dramatization

Question 54

It reflects their developing imagination and storytelling abilities, though it may be mistaken for lying.

Answer 54

Telling tall Tales

Question 55

This help preschoolers navigate emotions, practice social skills, and enhance creativity.

Answer 55

Imaginary friends

Question 56

What is the focus of nutrition in preschoolers?

Answer 56

Developing healthy eating habits and food choices to prevent obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.

Question 57

What challenges may arise during mealtime with preschoolers?

Answer 57

Preschoolers are often finicky eaters, leading to mealtime battles.

Question 58

How much sleep do preschoolers need?

Answer 58

Preschoolers need 10–13 hours of sleep and typically one nap during the day.

Question 59

What practices promote healthy sleeping patterns in preschoolers?

Answer 59

Establishing routine bedtime and nap times to address sleeping patterns and reduce night waking.

Question 60

These help improve gross motor abilities and coordination, supporting overall development.

Answer 60

Physical activities

Question 61

When do deciduous teeth fully erupt in preschoolers?

Answer 61

By age 3, preschoolers have all 20 deciduous teeth.

Question 62

How can caregivers support good dental habits in preschoolers?

Answer 62

By assisting with brushing and flossing and encouraging regular dental care.

Question 63

How can caregivers help prevent injuries in preschoolers?

Answer 63

(A) Educating children about safety and potential hazards. (B) Modeling safe behavior, as preschoolers are great imitators.

Question 64

What assessment tools are commonly used for preschoolers?

Answer 64

(A) MMDST (B) Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns