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MATERNAL AND CHILD NURSING > Module 11: Care of a Preschool Child and Family > Flashcards

Module 11: Care of a Preschool Child and Family Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the age of a preschool child?

A

3 to 5 years old

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2
Q

What are the physical characteristics of preschoolers (3–5 years old)?

A

They are slender but sturdy, graceful, agile, and a postural erect stance.

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3
Q

How does the abdomen of preschoolers change as they grow?

A

The abdomen becomes slimmer and more proportionate, resembling child-like proportions.

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4
Q

Why do preschoolers become slimmer?

A

Continuous development of muscles and internal organs reduce fat to accommodate growing organs.

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5
Q

What is the average yearly weight gain for preschoolers?

A

Approximately 2 to 3 kilograms per year

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6
Q

How much does a preschooler’s height increase annually?

A

Height increases by 2.5 to 3.5 inches per year.

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7
Q

Which grows more in preschoolers: the trunk or the legs?

A

The legs increase in length more than the trunk.

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7
Q

What is the average weight and height of a 3-year-old?

A

(A) Weight: 14.5 kg (32 lbs)
(B) Height: 95 cm (37.5 inches)

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8
Q

What is the average weight and height of a 4-year-old?

A

(A) Weight: 16.7 kg (36.8 lbs)
(B) Height: 103 cm (40.5 inches)

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9
Q

What is the average weight and height of a 5-year-old?

A

(A) Weight: 18.7 kg (41.5 lbs)
(B) Height: 110 cm (43.5 inches)

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10
Q

What are common vital sign changes in preschoolers?

A

(A) Pulse rate decreases to 85 bpm
(B) Blood pressure averages 100/60 mmHg

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11
Q

What happens to lymphatic tissues in preschoolers?

A

Lymphatic tissues, such as tonsils, begin to grow.

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12
Q

What immune system changes occur in preschoolers?

A

Increased levels of IgG and IgA antibodies.

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13
Q

Why is head circumference no longer checked regularly for preschoolers?

A

Growth monitoring focuses on weight and height to check for malnutrition.

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14
Q

What gross motor skills are developed by 3-year-olds?

A

They can walk, run, climb, and jump well.

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15
Q

What gross motor skills are developed by 4-year-olds?

A

They can skip and hop on one foot and catch a ball.

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16
Q

What gross motor skills are developed by 5-year-olds?

A

They can skip on alternate feet, jump a rope, and begin to skate and swim.

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17
Q

What additional gross motor skills are common in preschoolers?

A

(A) Riding a bicycle
(B) Tiptoeing
(C) Balancing on one foot
(D) Broad Jump

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18
Q

What is the “shape stage” in drawing development, and at what age does it occur?

A

3 years old

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19
Q

What is the “pictorial stage” in drawing development, and at what age does it occur?

A

4 and 5 years old

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20
Q

Why are scribbling and drawing important for preschoolers?

A

(A) Facilitates learning to read
(B) Helps learn symbolic language
(C) Develops fine motor and eye-hand coordination
(D) Assists in assessing intelligence

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21
Q

What is the psychosocial stage of development for preschoolers, according to Erikson?

A

Initiative vs. Guilt

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22
Q

What characterizes the “sense of initiative” in preschoolers?

A

Energetic learning and a desire to explore and master tasks.

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22
Q

What conflicts arise in the “Initiative vs. Guilt” stage?

A

When there are overstepping limits or bad behaviors that lead to guilt

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23
Q

What marks the development of the superego in preschoolers?

A

Preschoolers begin forming a conscience, understanding right from wrong.

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24
Q

Why is it important for preschoolers to develop leadership skills during the “Initiative vs. Guilt” stage?

A

To avoid guilt and fear of trying new things because of failure.

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25
Q

What is the consequence of failure in the “Initiative vs. Guilt” stage?

A

It may lead to feelings of guilt and fear of attempting new activities.

26
Q

What is the psychosexual stage of preschoolers, according to Freud?

A

Phallic Stage

27
Q

The phallic stage during pre-schooling age focuses on what?

A

Differentiation of sexual identity and appropriate behavior.

28
Q

Under this complex, boys are attached to their mothers.

A

Oedipus complex

29
Q

Under this complex, girls are fond of their fathers.

A

Electra complex

30
Q

What cognitive phase are preschoolers in, according to Piaget?

A

The Pre-operational Phase (2–7 years)

(A) Preconceptual phase (2–4 years)
(B) Intuitive thought phase (4–7 years)

31
Q

This continues to develop but is often used for egocentric communication without full comprehension.

A

LANGUAGE

32
Q

What is “magical thinking” in preschoolers?

A

Preschoolers believe they can influence events through their thoughts, seeing themselves as more powerful than they are.

33
Q

What characterizes egocentric communication in preschoolers?

A

Speech is focused on their own perspective without understanding others’ viewpoints.

34
Q

What is the moral stage of preschoolers, according to Kohlberg?

A

Preschoolers develop basic moral judgment, behaving according to freedom and restrictions.

35
Q

How do 2–4-year-olds determine right and wrong in Kohlberg’s theory?

A

Their behavior is based on punishment and obedience.

36
Q

How do preschoolers learn about faith and religion?

A

They learn from significant others in their environment.

37
Q

How is conscience linked to spiritual development in preschoolers?

A

Their developing conscience helps them understand right and wrong, influencing their spirituality.

38
Q

How do preschoolers begin to understand body image?

A

Preschoolers recognize what is desirable or undesirable, such as being “pretty” or “ugly,” influenced by caregivers.

39
Q

How can caregivers promote positive body image in preschoolers?

A

(A) Instilling postive principles
(B) Reassuring children, such as using bandages after an injury to address fears of mutilation.

40
Q

Under this, preschoolers imitate behaviors associated with their gender, developing sex-typing based on observed roles.

A

Sex role imitation

41
Q

Why do preschoolers fear mutilation?

A

They have a heightened sense of bodily integrity and may fear harm or injury to their bodies.

42
Q

Under this, the child is able to say three to four-word sentences; frequent questions,

A

3 to 4 years old

43
Q

Under this, the child is able to say four to five-word sentences; improved grammar and sentence structure.

A

4 to 5 years old

44
Q

How does language develop at 5 years?

A

Vocabulary grows to about 2100 words.

45
Q

What is a key characteristic of a 6-year-old’s speech?

A

They can use all parts of speech correctly but are not aware of deviations from grammar rules.

46
Q

These preschoolers may acquire more complex sentence structures and show increased grammatical usage and intelligence.

A

Bilingual preschoolers

47
Q

How do ritualism and negativism change in preschoolers?

A

Ritualism and negativism gradually diminish as preschoolers become more independent.

48
Q

How independent are preschoolers in daily activities?

A

Preschoolers can perform tasks like dressing, eating, and toileting independently, though they may need minimal assistance.

49
Q

How do 3–4-year-olds respond to boundaries and warnings?

A

They may obey warnings but often exceed boundaries due to curiosity and testing limits.

50
Q

How do preschoolers interact socially?

A

Preschoolers are more sociable and willing to please others.

51
Q

What type of play is common in preschoolers?

A

Associative play or cooperative play, where children interact and share but do not follow organized rules

52
Q

What benefits does play provide for preschoolers?

A

Play supports social, physical, and mental development.

53
Q

What types of toys are ideal for preschoolers?

A

Toys that encourage
(A) Imagination
(B) Imitation
(C) Dramatization

54
Q

It reflects their developing imagination and storytelling abilities, though it may be mistaken for lying.

A

Telling tall Tales

55
Q

This help preschoolers navigate emotions, practice social skills, and enhance creativity.

A

Imaginary friends

56
Q

What is the focus of nutrition in preschoolers?

A

Developing healthy eating habits and food choices to prevent obesity, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome.

57
Q

What challenges may arise during mealtime with preschoolers?

A

Preschoolers are often finicky eaters, leading to mealtime battles.

58
Q

How much sleep do preschoolers need?

A

Preschoolers need 10–13 hours of sleep and typically one nap during the day.

59
Q

What practices promote healthy sleeping patterns in preschoolers?

A

Establishing routine bedtime and nap times to address sleeping patterns and reduce night waking.

60
Q

These help improve gross motor abilities and coordination, supporting overall development.

A

Physical activities

61
Q

When do deciduous teeth fully erupt in preschoolers?

A

By age 3, preschoolers have all 20 deciduous teeth.

62
Q

How can caregivers support good dental habits in preschoolers?

A

By assisting with brushing and flossing and encouraging regular dental care.

63
Q

How can caregivers help prevent injuries in preschoolers?

A

(A) Educating children about safety and potential hazards.
(B) Modeling safe behavior, as preschoolers are great imitators.

64
Q

What assessment tools are commonly used for preschoolers?

A

(A) MMDST
(B) Gordon’s Functional Health Patterns

MATERNAL AND CHILD NURSING (16 decks)

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