Module 10: Care of Family with a Toddler Flashcards
1
Q
What describes toddlers’ behavior during their “intense exploration of environment”?
A
Toddlers are curious and eager to explore their surroundings as part of their development.
2
Q
This is a way for toddlers to assert their independence and test boundaries.
A
The word “no” represents negativism
3
Q
What are the struggles toddlers face in “toilet training, limit setting, and sibling rivalry”?
A
Toddlers often experience frustration while learning new skills, adapting to rules, and sharing attention with siblings.
4
Q
Why is this stage known as the “terrible twos”?
A
This stage is characterized by frequent temper tantrums, defiance, and challenges in managing emotions.
5
Q
What are toddlers known for during the “terrible twos”?
A
Toddlers are known for temper tantrums as they navigate their emotions and desires.
6
Q
What drives toddlers to “insist to risk to check things, eat foods”?
A
Toddlers are naturally curious and want to explore and try new experiences, even if they involve risks.
7
Q
What is the average weight of a 2-year-old?
A
12 kg, with body weight quadrupled by 2 years old.
8
Q
What is the average yearly weight gain for toddlers?
A
1.8–2.7 kg per year.
9
Q
How much does a toddler’s height typically increase per year?
A
Height slows to an average increase of 7.3 cm or 3 inches per year.
10
Q
What contributes more to a toddler’s height increase, legs or trunks?
A
Elongation of the legs rather than the trunks.
11
Q
What is the average height of a 2-year-old?
A
86.6 cm (34 inches).
12
Q
How much does the head circumference (HC) increase during the second year?
A
Total increase is 2.5 cm (1 inch).
13
Q
When do fontanelles typically close?
A
Between 12 and 18 months of age.
14
Q
How does chest circumference (CC) change during this period?
A
CC continues to increase and exceeds HC during this period.
15
Q
By what age are head circumference (HC) and chest circumference (CC) equal?
A
By 1–2 years of age.
16
Q
How do a toddler’s senses change as they grow?
A
Senses become increasingly developed, and toddlers love to explore their environment.
17
Q
What aspect of vision is fully developed in toddlers?
A
Full binocular vision is well-developed in toddlers.
18
Q
What preferences do toddlers show in terms of taste and texture?
A
Toddlers often have specific preferences for certain tastes and textures.
19
Q
This is important as it helps toddlers connect with and explore their surroundings.
A
TOUCH
20
Q
How can a toddler’s senses be engaged?
A
Their senses can be stimulated through varied experiences and environments.
21
Q
How does a toddler’s respiration pattern typically develop?
A
Respiration continues to be abdominal in toddlers.
22
Q
Why are toddlers prone to ear and throat problems?
A
The internal structures of the ear and throat remain short and straight, making them susceptible to otitis media, tonsillitis, and URTIs.
23
Q
How do respiratory rate (RR), heart rate, and blood pressure (BP) change in toddlers?
A
RR and heart rate slow down, while BP increases.
24
Q
How developed is a toddler’s digestive system?
A
It is fairly complete, with increased stomach capacity allowing for three small meals a day.
25
At what age do toddlers typically gain voluntary control of elimination?
Toddlers usually gain control of the sphincters between 18 and 24 months.
26
How does a toddler's bladder capacity change?
Bladder capacity increases, allowing them to retain urine for up to 2 hours by 14–18 months.
27
How do the epidermis and dermis develop in toddlers?
They become more tightly bound, providing resistance to infection and a more effective barrier against fluid loss.
28
What mechanism helps toddlers produce heat?
Shivering, an involuntary act, helps generate heat.
29
What skill related to body temperature does a toddler develop?
They learn mechanisms to control their body temperature.
30
What happens to passive immunity from the mother during toddlerhood?
Passive immunity disappears during this period.
31
When does IgG reach adult levels in toddlers?
By the second year of life.
32
What is the role of IgM in toddlers?
It aids in immunization and combats serious infections.
33
What is a significant gross motor milestone at 12–13 months?
Walking alone.
34
What gross motor skill does a toddler attempt at 18 months?
They try to run but often fall easily.
35
What gross motor skills are achieved by the end of 2 years?
Standing on one foot, walking tiptoe, and climbing stairs with alternating feet.
36
At what age can toddlers jump using both feet?
By 2 ½ years old.
37
What stair-related milestone do toddlers reach by age 2–3 years?
Walking up and down stairs independently.
38
What fine motor skill do toddlers develop at 9-10 months?
The pincer grasp.
39
What fine motor skill do toddlers develop by 12 months?
They can grasp very small objects.
40
What fine motor skills are achieved by 15 months?
Dropping a pellet into a narrow-necked bottle, casting or throwing objects, and retrieving them. They also begin to scribble spontaneously.
41
What fine motor skills can toddlers do at 18 months?
Throw a ball overhand without losing balance and build a tower of three or four blocks.
42
What fine motor milestones are reached at 24 months?
Building a tower of six or seven blocks and imitating a circular stroke and a vertical line.
43
How many blocks can toddlers stack by 30 months?
They can stack eight or more blocks.
44
What psychosocial milestone do toddlers reach?
They begin to explore the world, learning that they can control their actions and influence their environment. This is known as the “me do it” stage.
45
How do toddlers begin to show preferences during psychosocial development?
They start to show clear likes and dislikes, asserting their individuality.
46
What cognitive stage is a toddler in according to Piaget's theory from 13-24 months?
Sensorimotor Phase.
47
What cognitive stage is a toddler in from 2-4 years of age according to Piaget's theory?
Preoperational Stage.
48
When does a child develop a sense of maleness or femaleness?
By age 24 months.
49
How should parents approach masturbation in toddlers?
Masturbation should be accepted rather than criticized, with guidance to teach the child to do it in a more acceptable and private manner.
50
This is the child’s emergence from a symbiotic fusion with the mother.
Separation
51
This marks the child’s assumption of individual characteristics in their environment.
Individuation
52
What social milestones are achieved during toddlerhood?
Increased understanding of object permanence, some ability to withstand delayed gratification, and tolerance for moderate frustrations. Toddlers also show less fear of strangers, but only when their parents are present.
53
What type of sentences do toddlers use at 1 year old?
They use one-word sentences or holophrases.
54
What language milestone is typical for toddlers at 2 years old?
They use two to three-word sentences.
55
What language skills are toddlers typically able to demonstrate by 30 months?
They continue to expand their vocabulary and sentence structure, though specific milestones may vary.
56
What cognitive milestone do toddlers reach by 30 months?
They know their own name.
57
What is the recommended screen time for children under 18 months?
Screen media, other than video-chatting, is discouraged for children under 18 months.
58
What is the screen time recommendation for toddlers between 18-24 months?
Digital media can be viewed with an adult.
59
What language milestone is typical for a 3-year-old?
They learn five or six new words daily and use simple sentences.
60
This play is where toddlers play alongside other children but not directly with them.
PARALLEL PLAY
61
What are the benefits of play for toddlers?
Play helps engage in fantasy, increases locomotion, enhances emerging linguistic abilities, and supports exploration.
62
What is a common characteristic of toddlers during temper tantrums?
They may yell, scream, and fling items.
63
These type of children typically respond well to mild forms of discipline.
EASY CHILDREN
64
These type of children may need more structured types of discipline.
DIFFICULT CHILDREN
65
What should parents do during a toddler's tantrum?
Ignore the child during the tantrum, then praise them if they stop crying or throwing tantrums, and always set and enforce consistent limits.
66
How does small versus excessive stress affect children?
Small amounts of stress help children develop effective coping skills, while excessive stress can lead to destructive behaviors.
67
What are some common sources of stress for toddlers?
Birth of a sibling, alternative caregiving arrangements, parental divorce, illness, and other changes.
68
What are some signs of excessive stress in toddlers?
Sucking, aggressive behavior, and biting.
69
This is the best approach. If stress occurs, increase rest periods, prepare the child for upcoming changes, and promote unsupervised play, relaxation, and imagery.
PREVENTION
70
At what age do children typically become picky eaters?
Around toddler age.
71
What factors influence a toddler's food preferences?
Family members, the appearance and smell of food, and serving size.
72
What types of food do toddlers prefer?
Finger foods with different colors and shapes.
73
When is it appropriate to introduce toilet training to a toddler?
Earlier than 30 months, but the child's readiness is more important.
74
What are signs of a toddler's readiness for toilet training?
Being aware of the urge to void or have a bowel movement, showing interest in using the toilet, and being dry for at least 2 hours during the day.
75
What is the goal of safety promotion in toddlers?
To prevent injuries and promote safety, especially in common risk areas.
76
What type of injury is common in toddlers related to motor vehicles?
Motor vehicle injuries.
77
What is an important safety measure to prevent motor vehicle injuries in toddlers?
Using appropriate car restraints.
78
What is a common cause of drowning in toddlers?
Drowning commonly occurs in the bathtub or large buckets of water.
79
Why are toddlers at an increased risk of drowning?
Due to their well-developed locomotion skills, toddlers can reach potentially dangerous areas with water.
80
What makes burns a risk for toddlers?
The toddler's ability to climb, stretch, and reach objects above their head makes any hot surface a potential source of danger.
81
What are common sources of burns in toddlers?
Sources of heat like radiators and stoves, hot objects like candles and cigarettes, as well as electrical burns and scald burns.
82
What causes accidental poisoning in toddlers?
Toddlers' innate curiosity and ability to open "childproof" containers increase the risk of poisoning.
83
What activities make falls a common injury for toddlers?
The climbing and running activities typical of toddlers increase the risk of falls.
84
This can occur from small objects like colored beads and pellets, or large, hard foods like whole hotdogs, nuts, and dried beans.
ASPIRATION
85
What safety concerns should parents be aware of to prevent aspiration and suffocation?
Be cautious with old furniture/appliances and doors that can pose risks.
86
This can occur from sharp objects, dangerous garden or workshop equipment, and pets.
BODILY HARM
87
What is a common cause of bodily harm in toddlers, and how can it be prevented?
Prevention includes avoiding walking with sharp objects, properly storing dangerous tools, and teaching pet safety.
88
How does toddler nutrition change between 12-18 months?
Growth slows down, reducing the need for calories, protein, and fluids. However, muscle tissue growth and high activity levels still require significant protein and energy.
89
What should parents consider when dealing with picky eaters during toddlerhood?
Be cautious with picky eaters, ensuring they get the necessary nutrients despite limited food preferences.
90
This refers to the need for toddlers to engage in repetitive, structured behaviors and routines, which provide a sense of security.
RITUALISM
91
How much sleep does a typical toddler need, and what is a common sleep issue?
A typical toddler needs 11-12 hours of sleep, with one nap. They can be reluctant to sleep at times.
92
What is important for oral hygiene in toddlers?
Prevention of dental caries through plaque removal by brushing and flossing.
93
94
What is the age considered for toddlerhood?
13 months up to 3 years or Between 1 year to 3 years old
95
What is the growth pattern for children aged 13 months to 3 years?
Alternating rapid and slow growth development.
96
Why is it important not to compare toddlers with one another?
Every child is unique, and development varies.
97
What safety considerations should be emphasized during toddlerhood?
Always prioritize safety since toddlers love playing and exploring.
98
What does the acronym "TODDLER" stand for?
(A) T: Temper tantrums
(B) O: On the move (safety)
(C) D: Diaper to potty transition (18-24 months)
(D) D: Developmental stage theory
(E) L: Loves to say “no” (negativism)
(F) E: Eating plan
(G) R: Rivalry, regression, ritualism
99
What causes temper tantrums in toddlers?
(A) They test their caregivers or mothers.
(B) Occur when their wants are not met.
(C) Egocentric behavior makes them think they are the "boss."
100
Why should caregivers monitor toddlers frequently?
Toddlers love exploring and are always on the move, requiring constant supervision to ensure safety.
101
When does toilet training typically begin?
Between 18-24 months, focusing on bladder and bowel training.
102
According to Freud, what stage of development are toddlers (1-3 years) in?
Anal stage
103
Why do toddlers often say "no"?
It’s a sign of developing independence and asserting autonomy.
104
Explain the anal stage of toddlers.
(A) Anus and rectum are centers of gratification.
(B) Masturbation is normal at this stage.
105
This behavior common in toddlers pertains to the act of competing for attention, especially with siblings.
RIVALRY
106
This behavior common in toddlers pertains to the act of reverting to earlier behaviors when stressed.
REGRESSION
107
This behavior common in toddlers pertains to the act of preferring routines and consistency,
RITUALISM
108
What is the psychosocial stage for toddlers (1-3 years) according to Erik Erikson?
Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt
109
Explain the phenomenon of Autonomy vs Shame and Doubt during toddlerhood.
(A) Period of exploring and trying new things.
(B) If not allowed to explore, shame and doubt develop. Parents are the most important persons during this stage.
110
What cognitive stage are toddlers in according to Jean Piaget?
Pre-operational stage
111
Explain the phenomenon of the pre-operational stage during toddlerhood.
(A) Have concepts and ideas but lack logical thinking.
(B) Egocentric thinkers; their perspective is limited to their own.
(C) Communication should be simplified and match their level of understanding.
112
What is the moral development stage for toddlers according to Lawrence Kohlberg?
Pre-conventional stage
113
Explain the phenomenon of pre-conventional stage during toddlerhood.
Actions are based on obedience and avoidance of punishment.
114
Why do toddlers frequently say "no"?
It reflects their developing independence and negativism.
115
In terms of eating habits, toddlers are considered to be what?
PICKY EATERS
116
What are some tips for managing a toddler's eating habits?
(A) Avoid offering snacks before meals.
(B) Provide a variety of foods using plates with dividers to address picky eating behavior.
117
How can caregivers address sibling rivalry in toddlers?
(A) Prepare the toddler for the arrival of a new family member.
(B) Involve them in caregiving tasks to prevent feelings of exclusion.
118
This occurs when a toddler reverts to earlier behaviors, such as toilet accidents, during stress or frustration.
REGRESSION
119
How can caregivers manage regression among toddlers?
Caregivers should calmly explain and address the behavior.
120
This refers to toddlers finding comfort in routines and security objects.
RITUALISM
121
Why is ritualism important for toddlers?
It helps them feel safe and secure.
122
Characterize growth during toddlerhood.
Growth slows considerably during toddlerhood (there are times it becomes alternating).
123
How does growth change during toddlerhood?
(A) Average weight gain: 5-6 lbs (2.5 kg) per year.
(B) Average height increase: 5 inches (12 cm) per year.
124
What happens to a toddler's weight by 2 ½ years of age?
QUADRUPLES
125
Why is it important to check a toddler's base weight?
To monitor if the toddler is gaining weight appropriately based on their growth curve.
126
What percentage of brain development is completed by the end of 2 years?
75% OF BRAIN GROWTH
127
What happens to brain cells during the first year?
All brain cells are present at birth but increase in size during the first year.
128
Why is it important to measure a toddler’s head size accurately?
Ensures early detection of abnormalities like hydrocephalus.
129
This condition is characterized as to where the child's head size is larger than the abdomen.
Hydrocephalus
130
What is the normal respiratory rate for toddlers?
24-40 breaths per minute, primarily abdominal.
131
Why should respiratory rate (RR) not be measured when the toddler is crying?
Crying can result in a false reading, so it's better to calm the toddler first.
132
How does a toddler’s heart rate and blood pressure change by 2 years old?
(A) Heart rate slows to 90-110 bpm.
(B) Blood pressure increases to approximately 99/64 mmHg or 90/60 mmHg.
133
When is it necessary to monitor blood pressure in pediatric patients?
Only if there are cardiovascular or respiratory problems; otherwise, BP is not routinely checked.
134
Why is oxygen saturation (OxySat) important to monitor in toddlers?
To ensure proper oxygenation.
135
What changes occur in a toddler’s bones and muscles by 2 years old?
(A) Long bones in arms and legs increase in length.
(B) Muscles grow, supporting improved motor skills.
136
What physical appearance is typical for a 2-year-old?
(A) Chubby body with short legs.
(B) Marked lumbar lordosis, which corrects as they age.
137
Why is 2 years old a good time to start toilet training?
Because toddlers empty their bladder less frequently. And they gain ore voluntary control over urination during the day and sometimes at night.
138
What changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) by 2 years old?
The GIT reaches maturity and can handle adult foods.
139
How should parents manage the maturation of the GIT during 2 years old?
Food should be cut into bite-size pieces to prevent choking, as choking is common at this age.
140
How many teeth erupt during the second year, and what types?
(A) 8 new teeth (canines and first molars) erupt.
(B) All deciduous teeth are usually present by 2.5 to 3 years, making this a good time for a first dental visit.
141
What is the caloric requirement for a toddler?
Approximately 100 kcal/kg/day.
142
What should parents check during the physical milestones at 15 months?
Check baby book for updates.
143
What should you monitor regarding the anterior fontanel at 18 months?
(A) Ensure the anterior fontanel is closed. (Inform the physician if it remains open).
(B) Physiologically able to control sphincters.
144
What are the major physical milestones by 24 months?
Primary dentition is completed (20 teeth).
145
What are the major physical milestones by 30 months?
Birth weight quadrupled.
146
What gross motor skills are developed by 15 months?
(A) Walks without support.
(B) Creeps up stairs.
147
What are the gross motor milestones at 18 months?
(A) Walks upstairs with one hand held.
(B) Jumps in place with both feet.
(C) Seats self on a chair.
(D) Throws a ball overhead without falling.
148
What gross motor abilities develop by 24 months?
(A) Goes up and down stairs alone.
(B) Runs fairly well with a wide stance.
(C) Jumps and squats to play.
(D) Kicks a ball forward.
(E) Pushes and pulls large toys (aids in walking).
149
What are the gross motor achievements by 30 months?
(A) Jumps with both feet.
(B) Stands on one foot momentarily.
(C) Takes a few steps on tiptoe.
150
This accident is common among toddlers.
FALLS
151
These toys are used to aid walking in toddlers.
PUSH AND PULL TOYS
152
What fine motor skills are developed by 15 months?
(A) Builds a tower of 2 cubes.
(B) Can put a pellet into a narrow-necked bottle.
153
What fine motor skills are developed by 18 months?
(A) Builds a tower of 3-4 cubes.
(B) Turns pages of a book 2-3 pages at a time.
(C) Manages a spoon without rotation.
154
What fine motor skills are developed by 24 months?
(A) Builds a tower of 6-7 cubes.
(B) Aligns 2 or more cubes.
(C) Turns pages of a book one at a time.
(D) Begins to use scissors.
155
What fine motor skills are developed by 30 months?
(A) Builds a tower of 8 cubes.
(B) Has good hand-finger coordination; holds crayon with fingers rather than fist.
(C) Imitates vertical and horizontal strokes; makes 2 or more strokes for a cross.
(D) Turns doorknob, unscrews lids.
(E) Feeds self, pours from a pitcher.
156
What sensory milestone is observed by 15 months?
Displays an intense and prolonged interest in pictures.
157
What language skills are developed by 18 months?
(A) Says 10 or more words.
(B) Points to common objects like a shoe or ball.
(C) Identifies 2-3 body parts.
157
What language skills are developed by 15 months?
(A) "Asks" for objects by pointing.
(B) Uses “NO” even while agreeing to requests.
158
What language skills are developed by 24 months?
(A) Vocabulary of about 300 words.
(B) Uses 2-3 word phrases.
(C) Understands directional commands.
(D) Knows full name and refers to self by pronoun "I."
(E) Learns the power of “yes” and “no.”
159
What language skills are developed by 30 months?
(A) Gives first and last name.
(B) Uses plurals.
(C) Names one color.
160
What are the social milestones at 15 months?
(A) Tolerates some separation from parents.
(B) Begins to imitate parents.
(C) Exhibits temper trauma (tantrums).
161
What are the social milestones at 18 months?
(A) Increased imitation of parents.
(B) More evident temper tantrums.
(C) May have a security object for comfort.
162
What are the social milestones at 24 months?
(A) Sustained attention span.
(B) tantrums decrease.
(C) Increased independence from parents.
(D) Dresses self in simple clothing.
163
What are the social milestones at 30 months?
(A) Can help put things away during play.
(B) Begins to engage in parallel play: plays in the presence of others but without sharing toys.
164
How do toddlers perceive spirituality?
(A) Have a vague understanding due to immature cognitive processes.
(B) Associate God with something special.
165
How does motor ability contribute to a toddler's understanding of body image?
Increasing motor skills help toddlers recognize the usefulness of body parts and gradually learn their names.
166
At what age do toddlers begin to recognize gender differences?
2 YEARS OLD
167
What is the major social development task for toddlers?
(A) SEPARATION
(B) INDIVIDUATION
168
This major social development pertains to the emerging from a symbiotic relationship with the mother.
SEPARATION
169
This major social development pertains to the developing individual characteristics in the environment.
INDIVIDUATION
170
This theory describes how a child separates from the caregiver, develops autonomy, and establishes healthy interdependence.
Separation-individuation theory
171
This theory complements this by focusing on inner security and continuing relatedness.
Attachment Theory
172
How do toddlers react to strangers when parents are present?
They show less fear of strangers when parents are nearby.
173
Why is language development significant for toddlers?
(A) It shows increasing levels of comprehension.
(B) Gestures accompany language milestones up to 30 months.
174
How do toddlers perceive health and manage it?
Toddlers depend entirely on their parents for health and safety.
175
What is the nursing responsibility for health management in toddlers?
Provide health teachings to parents to ensure toddler safety and health.
176
What nutritional changes occur during toddlerhood?
(A) Decrease in milk intake due to milk fatigue.
(B) Increase in solid food intake.
(C) Tendency to reject mixed foods.
176
What are the nursing responsibilities regarding toddler nutrition?
(A) Offer simple foods.
(B) Provide a variety of foods at each meal.
(C) Introduce vegetables.
(D) Encourage the use of utensils.
(E) Discourage snacking before meals.
177
What age range indicates neurologic and psychological readiness for toilet training?
18-20 months of age.
178
What are the principles of toilet training?
(A) Consistency: Use one word for voiding/defecating and a designated place for each.
(B) Be firm but not overly strict.
(C) Set a regular schedule.
179
What typical milestone for toddlers should you begin toilet training?
18 MONTHS
180
What typical milestone for toddlers should bowel training be completed?
2-2½YEARS
181
What typical milestone for toddlers should bladder training and nighttime control be achieved?
2½-3YEARS
182
What is a key indicator of physical readiness for toilet training?
(A) Voluntary control of anal and urethral sphincters (18-24 months)
(B) Ability to stay dry for 2 hours, decreased wet diapers
(C) Regular bowel movements
(D) Gross motor skills: sitting, walking, squatting
(E) Fine motor skills to remove clothing
183
What signs show mental readiness for toilet training?
(A) Recognizes urge to defecate or urinate
(B) Verbal or non-verbal communication to indicate wetness or urge
(C) Cognitive skills to initiate appropriate behavior and follow directions
184
What are the signs of psychological readiness for toilet training?
(A) Willingness to please parent
(B) Can sit on toilet for 5-10 minutes without fuss
(C) Curiosity about adult or sibling’s toilet habits
(D) Impatience with soiled or wet diapers
185
What is the acronym for assessing toilet training readiness?
(A) T: Two hours or more with diaper dry
(B) O: On and off by self (potty/clothing)
(C) I: Interested in potty
(D) L: Likes sitting on the toilet (5-10 minutes)
(E) E: Experiences regular bowel movements
(F) T: Tells you they have to go
186
This toilet training accident pertains to the bedwetting; uncontrollable urine passage after toilet training.
Enuresis
187
This toilet training accident pertains to the uncontrollable stool passage after toilet training.
Encopresis
188
What are common causes of toilet training accidents
Stress, illness, or regression.
189
What should you do in case of toilet training accidents?
(A) Remind the child to notify the caregiver.
(B) Do not punish or threaten.
(C) Explain simply and consistently.
(D) Praise positive behavior.
190
Why might toilet training fail?
Starting too early when the child is not ready.
191
What is the approach for hospitalized children regarding toilet training?
Accept regressive behavior and be understanding.
192
What should be done if a toddler engages in masturbation?
(A) Divert attention to other activities.
(B) Do not scold.
(C) Avoid using cute words for anatomical parts.
192
What is a key nursing responsibilities for establishing good sleep habits?
(A) Bedtime rituals can be introduced.
(B) It must be consistent and ritualistic.
(C) Buy short story books.
(D) Be firm and consistent with schedule.
193
What should you do to address a toddler's fear of the dark?
Provide a nightlight, favorite toy, or security blanket.
194
What is an intervention for night terrors in toddlers (2-4 years old)?
Talk to them in a soothing voice and let them sleep.
195
How should you address nightmares in toddlers (around 3 years old)?
Comfort and reassure them calmly, acknowledging their fear.
196
How do toddlers show curiosity in the Activity-Rest Pattern?
They repeat tasks, explore their environment, look busy and they are naturally curious.
197
What is the developmental stage of toddlers according to Erikson?
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt
198
What are the key nursing responsibilities under the self concept and self reflection pattern?
(A) Encourage to be independent.
(B) Explores relationship with others by searching for the limits of one’s power.
199
This pertains to the means of response to frustrations. The toddler often utilizes this to manipulate others. Under this, saying “no” doesn’t mean he really doesn’t like but he also needs to express his autonomy by refusing it.
TEMPER TANTRUMS
200
What should you do when a toddler throws a temper tantrum?
(A) Ignore the behavior, then praise them if they stop crying.
(B) Set and enforce consistent limits.
201
This pertains to the fear of separation among toddlers.
SEPARATION ANXIETY
202
What are the stages of separation anxiety in toddlers?
Protest, Despair, Denial, Regression.
203
It’s a sign of stress or anxiety, often due to separation or other emotional challenges.
REGRESSION
204
How can you help toddlers build their conscience?
(A) Explain what you feel.
(B) Give them choices and option.
(C) Explain to them the rights, rules and their limitation.
(D) Praise the child in front of others.
205
How do parents influence toddlers in their role relationship pattern?
Parents serve as role models for toddlers.
206
This pertains to the jealousy and resentment towards a new sibling. Prepare the toddler, ensure equal sharing, and include them in sibling care.
SIBLING RIVALRY
207
How should sibling rivalry be managed?
(A) Prepare the toddler - explanation
(B) Equal sharing
(C) Proper spacing – take not of family planning
(D) Include the toddler in taking care of sibling
207
Jealousy among siblings can develop from what?
Jealousy can develop from feeling left out; fantasy dictates reality, fear of the unknown can lead to fear of abandonment, separation anxiety and insecurity.
208
What common fears do toddlers experience?
Separation anxiety and fear of the unknown.
209
What is the common play pattern for toddlers?
PARALLEL PLAY
210
What types of toys support toddler development?
Push-pull toys, pounding pegs, and Lego, which enhance fine motor skills, creativity, and brain development.
211
What are common safety concerns for toddlers?
(A) Falls
(B) Poisoning
(C) Burns
212
What is Sigmund Freud’s stage for toddlers?
Anal stage – Focus on bowel and bladder control.
213
What is Erik Erikson’s stage for toddlers?
Autonomy vs. Shame & Doubt – Toddlers develop independence and assert their autonomy.
214
What is Jean Piaget’s stage for toddlers?
Preoperational – Toddlers develop symbolic thinking and use symbols to represent objects and actions.
215
What is Lawrence Kohlberg’s stage for toddlers?
Punishment & Obedience – Moral reasoning is based on avoiding punishment and seeking reward.
216
What is James Fowler’s stage for toddlers?
Stage 1: Intuitive-Projective Faith – Faith is based on intuition, imagination, and external influences.
217
What is the focus of psychomotor development in toddlers?
Basic movements – Toddlers refine their motor skills and coordination.
218
What is a nursing diagnosis for toddlers related to safety?
Risk for Injury – Due to developmental changes, toddlers are at risk for accidents such as falls, burns, and poisoning.
219
What nursing diagnosis applies to first-time mothers regarding toddler care?
Knowledge Deficit – First-time mothers may need education about toddler growth, safety, and health.
220
What is a nursing diagnosis for promoting overall health in toddlers?
Risk for Infection – Focus on infection prevention through hygiene, nutrition, and immunization.
221
What are some common nursing diagnoses related to toddler safety?
Injury Prevention – Includes motor vehicle injuries, drowning, burns, poisoning, falls, aspiration, and suffocation.
222
What are the specific risks related to bodily harm in toddlers?
Bodily Damage – Protection from accidents like burns, falls, and suffocation by ensuring safe environments.
223
What should be done to prevent aspiration or suffocation in toddlers?
Food should be cut into small pieces to prevent choking.
224
What are key health promotion topics for toddlers?
Nutrition, Sleep and Activity, Dental Health – Ensuring proper nourishment, rest, and oral care.
225
What should nurses focus on for protecting toddlers from abuse?
Protection from Abuse – Educate caregivers and monitor for signs of physical or emotional abuse.
