Module 13: Care of School Age and Family Flashcards
What is the school-age stage also known as?
Loose Teeth or Ugly duckling stage
What is the age range of a child in the preschool stage?
6 to 12 Years Old
What significant milestones occur during the school-age years?
(A) Entrance into the school environment.
(B) Development of complex social and motor behaviors.
(C) Changes in communication and conceptualization abilities.
(D) Growing influence of friends.
How does height change in school-age children?
Height increases by 5 cm (2 in) per year.
How does weight change in school-age children?
Weight increases by 2–3 kg (4.4–6.6 lbs) per year.
What are the average height and weight of a 6-year-old?
116 cm (46 in) tall and weighs 21 kg (46 lbs).
What are the average height and weight of a 12-year-old?
150 cm (59 in) tall and weighs 40 kg (88 lbs).
How do body proportions change in school-age children?
(A) Body becomes slimmer with longer legs and varying proportions.
(B) Fat diminishes, contributing to a thinner appearance.
(C) Center of gravity lowers, improving stability.
How does head circumference compare to body size in school-age children?
Head circumference becomes proportionate to the body.
How does the growth of the skull and brain change during school age?
Skull and brain growth slow down, but cognitive growth and development continue to progress rapidly.
How does the gastrointestinal system mature in school-age children?
(A) Fewer stomach upsets
(B) Improve glucose maintenance
(C) Longer retention of food
How does the heart grow in relation to the rest of the body during school age?
The heart grows more slowly compared to the rest of the body.
How do heart rate and blood pressure change in school-age children?
Heart rate: Decreases to 70–80 bpm.
Blood pressure: Increases to 112/60 mmHg.
What immunologic capability develops in school-age children?
They start to produce an antibody-antigen response.
How does the skeletal system change during school age?
Bones continue to ossify, and muscles experience pressure and pulls as they grow.
This is known as the period of development before puberty, occurring towards the end of school age before 13 years.
Prepubescence
At what age does puberty typically begin for girls?
8 to 13 years old
At what age does puberty typically begin for boys?
12 to 14 years old
What signals the beginning of puberty?
The appearance of secondary sex characteristics.
What is the psychosocial developmental stage of school-age children according to Erikson?
Industry vs Inferiority
Explain the stage of Industry vs Inferiority during school age?
(A) Industry: A sense of accomplishment through learning and doing things well.
(B) Inferiority: A sense of inadequacy if no reward is given for efforts.
How does the developmental focus of school-age children differ from preschoolers?
Pre school children focus on how to do things while school age children focus on how to do things well (industry).
What cognitive stage does a school-age child transition into according to Piaget?
From pre-operational to concrete operational (ages 5–11)
This is known as the ability to project oneself into other people’s situations and view the world from multiple perspectives.
Decentering
This is known as the ability to adapt thought processes to align with what is perceived.
Accommodation
This is known as the ability to understand that a change in shape does not mean a change in size or quantity.
Conservation
This is characterized as the understanding that objects can belong to more than one category or classification.
Class inclusion
What stage of moral development do school-age children fall into according to Kohlberg?
Preconventional reasoning
Why do school age children fall under Preconventional reasoning?
Because they are rule-oriented and learn the distinction between natural and supernatural.
How should caregivers approach preteens’ friendships?
Do not restrain but guide them in choosing the right friends.
How do social relationships evolve in school-age children?
They develop social relationships and cooperation through clubs and peer groups.
What is the primary relationship during the school-age years?
Relationships with family remain essential while peer influence increases.
What type of play becomes common among school-age children?
(A) Team play
(B) Quiet games and activities
(C) Ego mastery
What are important aspects of school-age children’s play?
Play becomes more cooperative and competitive, with an emphasis on rules and rituals.
Define “self-concept” in school-age children.
A conscious awareness of their self-perception, including their capabilities, values, and uniqueness.
What triggers sex play in school-age children?
A response to normal curiosity
When is formal sex education typically introduced?
Around Grade 5–6, addressing topics like circumcision and menstruation.
What is the nursing responsibility in addressing self-concept and sexuality?
To provide appropriate information and guidance to the child about development and body changes.
What makes grade school a big transition for 6-year-olds?
Because rules are firmer and the elective feeling of play is replaced with tasks and responsibilities
This is known as the fear of going outside the home.
Agoraphobia
This is known as the fear of being away from parents or caregivers.
Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD)
How can caregivers help children adjust to school?
(A) Introduce the child to the school environment.
(B) Tour the school together to help them feel familiar and comfortable
What is the purpose of discipline in school-age children?
To instill rules and regulations in a positive way while guiding behavior.
How does discipline help children develop acceptable behavior?
(A) Interrupt or inhibit forbidden actions.
(B) Point out more acceptable behavior
(C) Explain why certain actions are good or bad.
(D) Stimulate empathy for victims of misdeeds.
What are ways to instill discipline among children?
(A) Positive reinforcement
(B) Restorative practices
(C) Setting clear expectations
(D) Teaching problem-solving skills
(E) Time out
(F) Reflective activities
Common sources of stress and fears in school-age children.
(A) Night terrors
(B) Conflict at home
(C) School environment
(D) Beginning school anxiety
(E) Fear of displacement
(F) Fear of disease and death
What are the common causes of school phobia?
(A) Bullies
(B) Teachers
(C) Difficulty adjusting to class
What excuses might children use to avoid school due to school phobia?
(A) Headache
(B) Vomiting
(C) Abdominal pain
(D) Diarrhea
What are the nursing responsibilities for managing school phobia?
(A) Counsel the child and the bully
(B) Talk to the teacher involve
(C) Call parents if the attitude persists
What are the signs of stress in school-age children?
(A) Stomach/head pain
(B) Sleep problems
(C) Changes in eating habits
(D) Aggressive behavior
(E) Withdrawal or reluctance to participate
(F) Regression to earlier behaviors
(G) Bed wetting
(H) Thumbsucking
(I) Changes in academic performance
What are the key nutrition recommendations for school-age children?
(A) Encourage a healthy breakfast
(B) Provide nutritious packed lunches
(C) Offer after-school snacks if needed
(D) Involve children in planning healthy meals
How many hours of sleep do younger and older school-aged children need?
(A) Younger school-aged: 10-12 hours
(B) Older school-aged: 8-10 hours
What bedtime practices are recommended for school-aged children?
(A) No gadgets before bedtime
(B) Provide quiet time instead of naps for 6-year-olds
Why is exercise important for school-aged children?
(A) Develops muscle tone
(B) Refines balance and coordination
(C) Increases strength and endurance
(D) Stimulates body functions and metabolic processes
What is a recommended physical activity for school-aged children?
Let them play outside
At what age does the eruption of the first permanent teeth occur?
6 years old
What are the key practices for dental hygiene in school-aged children?
(A) Correct brushing after meals, snacks, and before bed
(B) Flossing with parental assistance until manual dexterity is acquired
What dental conditions should be prevented in school-aged children?
(A) Dental caries
(B) Periodontal disease
(C) Malocclusion
This condition pertains to the improper alignment of upper and lower teeth.
Malocclusion
What are the common causes of injury in school-aged children?
(A) Motor vehicle accidents
(B) Drowning
(C) Burns
(D) poisoning
(E) Bodily harm
