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Medical Terminoloy > Module 1 > Flashcards

Module 1 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ab-

A

away from

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2
Q

ad-

A

toward or in the direction of

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3
Q

dys-

A

difficulty, bad, painful

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4
Q

endo-

A

within

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5
Q

eu-

A

good, normal

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6
Q

hyper-

A

excessive or increased

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7
Q

hypo-

A

deficient or decreased

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8
Q

inter-

A

between or among

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9
Q

intra-

A

within or inside

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10
Q

neo-

A

new

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11
Q

peri-

A

surrounding

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12
Q

post-

A

after

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13
Q

pre-

A

before

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14
Q

sub-

A

under, less of below

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15
Q

super-

A

above

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16
Q

supra-

A

excessive

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17
Q

abdomin/o

A

abdomen

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18
Q

angi/o

A

blood vessel

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19
Q

append/o

A

appendix

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20
Q

appendic/o

A

appendix

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21
Q

arteri/o

A

artery

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22
Q

arthr/o

A

joint

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23
Q

ather/o

A

fatty substance or plaque

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24
Q

cardi/o

A

heart

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25
Q

col/o

A

colon

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26
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

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27
Q

crani/o

A

skull

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28
Q

cyan/o

A

blue

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29
Q

enter/o

A

small intestine

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30
Q

erthr/o

A

red

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31
Q

gastr/o

A

stomach

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32
Q

geront/o

A

old age

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33
Q

hepat/o

A

liver

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34
Q

hem/o

A

blood

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35
Q

laryng/o

A

throat, larynx

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36
Q

leuk/o

A

white

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37
Q

melan/o

A

black

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38
Q

my/o

A

muscle

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39
Q

myc/o

A

fungus

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40
Q

myel/o

A

bone marrow or spinal cord

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41
Q

nat/o

A

birth

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42
Q

nephr/o

A

kidney

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43
Q

neur/o

A

nerve

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44
Q

ot/o

A

ear

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45
Q

poli/o

A

gray

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46
Q

py/o

A

pus

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47
Q

pyel/o

A

renal pelvis

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48
Q

pyr/o

A

fever (fire)

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49
Q

rhin/o

A

nose

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50
Q

tonsill/o

A

tonsils

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51
Q

-ac

A

pertaining to

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52
Q

-al

A

pertaining to

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53
Q

-algia

A

pain

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54
Q

-centesis

A

surgical puncture to remove fluid

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55
Q

-cyte

A

cell

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56
Q

-derma

A

skin

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57
Q

-dia

A

through

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58
Q

-dynia

A

pain

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59
Q

-ectomy

A

surgical removal

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60
Q

-graphy

A

producing a picture or record

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61
Q

-gram

A

a picture or record

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62
Q

-ic

A

pertaining to

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63
Q

-itits

A

inflammation

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64
Q

-osis

A

conditions

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65
Q

-malacia

A

abnormal softening

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66
Q

-megaly

A

enlargement

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67
Q

-necrosis

A

tissue death

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68
Q

-ologist

A

specialist

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69
Q

-ology

A

study of

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70
Q

-oma

A

tumor

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71
Q

-ostomy

A

surgically creating an artificial opening

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72
Q

-otomy

A

cutting into or surgical incision

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73
Q

-pathy

A

disease

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74
Q

-plasty

A

surgical repair

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75
Q

-rrhage

A

bleeding or excessive flow

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76
Q

-rrhagia

A

bleeding or exessive flow

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77
Q

-rrhexis

A

rupture

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78
Q

-sclerosis

A

abnormal hardening

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79
Q

-scopy

A

visual examination

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80
Q

-stenosis

A

abnormal narrowing

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81
Q

-rrhaphy

A

surgical suturing

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82
Q

-osis

A

abnormal condition

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83
Q

-rrhea

A

flow or discharge

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84
Q

dextr/o

A

right side

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85
Q

sinistr/o

A

left side

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86
Q

ex-

A

out of, outside, away from

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87
Q

in-

A

in, into, not, without

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88
Q

mega, megal/o

A

large, great

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89
Q

olig/o

A

scanty, few

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90
Q

A blue discoloration of the skin caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood

A

cyanosis

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91
Q

A mature red blood cell

A

erythrocyte

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92
Q

white blood cell

A

leukocyte

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93
Q

any condition of unusual deposits of black pigment in body tissues or organs

A

melanosis

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94
Q

viral infection of the gray matter of the spinal cord

A

poliomyelitis

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95
Q

inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

A

gastroenteritis

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96
Q

surgical repair of a nerve

A

neuroplasty

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97
Q

suturing together the ends of a severed nerve

A

neurorrhaphy

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98
Q

inflammation of the tonsils

A

tonsillitis

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99
Q

surgical removal of the tonsils

A

tonsillectomy

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100
Q

portion of the skull that encloses the brain

A

cranium

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101
Q

pertaining to the heart

A

cardiac

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102
Q

any disease of the stomach

A

gastrosis

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103
Q

study of all aspects of diseases

A

pathology

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104
Q

pain in the stomach

A

gastrodynia

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105
Q

enlargement of the liver

A

hepatomegaly

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106
Q

softening of arteries

A

arteriomalacia

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107
Q

tissue death of the arteries

A

arterionecrosis

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108
Q

hardening of the walls of the arteries

A

arteriosclerosis

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109
Q

abnormal narrowing of the arteries

A

arteriostenosis

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110
Q

puncture to remove fluid from the abdomin

A

abdominocentesis

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111
Q

surgical repair of a muscle

A

myoplasty

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112
Q

visual examination of joint structure

A

arthroscopy

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113
Q

loss of a large amount of blood

A

hemorrhage

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114
Q

surgical suturing of a muscle wound

A

myorrhaphy

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115
Q

rupture of a muscle

A

myorrhexis

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116
Q

normal or easy breathing

A

eupnea

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117
Q

below the ribs

A

subcostal

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118
Q

above or outside the ribs

A

supracostal

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119
Q

study of the ears nose and throat

A

otorhinolaryngology

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120
Q

lithotomy

A

examination position

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121
Q

inflammation of the appendix

A

appendicitis

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122
Q

bones of the fingers or toes

A

phalanges

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123
Q

pertaining to the interior or lining of an artery

A

endarterial

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124
Q

fatty deposit within the wall of an artery

A

atheroma

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125
Q

pain in joints

A

arthralgia

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126
Q

creation of an artificial opening between the colon and the body surface

A

colostomy

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127
Q

surgical incision into the colon

A

colotomy

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128
Q

sign

A

objective evidence of disease

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129
Q

symptom

A

subjective evidence only measurable by the patient

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130
Q

syndrome

A

a set of signs and symptoms that occur together as part of a specific disease process

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131
Q

diagnosis

A

identification of a disease DX

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132
Q

prognosis

A

a prediction of the probably course of a disease

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133
Q

acute

A

condition that has a rapid onset, severe, short

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134
Q

chronic

A

long duration, rarely cured

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135
Q

eponym

A

anything named after the person who discovered or described it.

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136
Q

fistula

A

abnormal passage, usually two internal organs or to the surface of the body

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137
Q

ileum

A

last part of the small intestine

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138
Q

ilium

A

part of the hip bone

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139
Q

infection

A

invasion by a pathogen

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140
Q

malaise

A

a general feeling of discomfort or uneasiness, often the first indication of disease

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141
Q

exudate

A

fluid, pus

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142
Q

inflammation

A

erythema, hyperthermia, edema (swelling), pain

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143
Q

laceration

A

torn or jagged wound

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144
Q

lesion

A

pathologic change of the tissues

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145
Q

mucous

A

specialized membranes that line the body cavities (adj)

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146
Q

mucus

A

secreted by mucous membranes (noun)

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147
Q

any disease caused by fungus

A

mycosis

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148
Q

any disease in the spinal cord

A

myelopathy

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149
Q

palpation

A

technique where examiners hands are used

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150
Q

pus forming skin infection

A

pyoderma

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151
Q

heartburn

A

pyrosis

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152
Q

supination

A

rotating the arm so the palm of the hand is forward or upward

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153
Q

suppuration

A

formation of pus

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154
Q

virile

A

having properties of an adult male

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155
Q

adenéo

A

gland

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156
Q

adip/o

A

fat

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157
Q

anter/o

A

before, front

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158
Q

caud/o

A

lower part of the body

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159
Q

cephal/o

A

head

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160
Q

cyt/o, cyte

A

cell

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161
Q

end-

A

inside

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162
Q

exo-

A

outside

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163
Q

hist/o, histi/o

A

tissue

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164
Q

plas/i, plas/o, -plasia

A

growth, formation

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165
Q

poster/o

A

behind, towards back

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166
Q

-stasis, -static

A

control, maintenance of a constant level

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167
Q

anatomy

A

study of the stuctures of the body

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168
Q

physiology

A

study of the functions of the structures of the body

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169
Q

anatomic position

A

body standing in the standard position, facing forward, arms to the side, palms facing front

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170
Q

body planes

A

divide the body into sections

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171
Q

vertical plane that divides the body into unequal left and right portions

A

sagittal plane

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172
Q

vertical plane that divides the body into equal left and right halves

A

midsagittal plane

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173
Q

vertical plane that divides the body into anterior and posterio

A

frontal plane

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174
Q

horizontal plane that divides the body into superior and inferior positions

A

transverse plane

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175
Q

front side, forward

A

ventral, anterior

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176
Q

back side, towards the back

A

dorsal, posterior

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177
Q

upper, towards the head

A

superior, cephalic

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178
Q

lowermost, towards the tail

A

inferior, caudal

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179
Q

situated nearest the midline or beginning of a body structure

A

proximal

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180
Q

situated farthest from the midline or beginning of a body structure

A

distal

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181
Q

the direction towards the midline

A

medial

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182
Q

the direction away from the midline

A

lateral

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183
Q

dorsal cavity

A

located along the back of the body and head, contains organs of the nervous system

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184
Q

cranial cavity

A

located within the skull, surrounds and protects the brain

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185
Q

spinal cavity

A

located within the spinal column, surrounds and protects spinal cord

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186
Q

ventral cavity

A

located along the front of the body, contains organs that sustain homeostasis. includes the thoracic abdominal and pelvic cavity

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187
Q

thoracic cavity

A

surrounds the heart and lungs

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188
Q

abdominal cavity

A

major organs of digestion

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189
Q

pelvic cavity

A

reproductive and excretory systems

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190
Q

joint term for the abdominal and pelvic cavities

A

abdominopelvic cavity

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191
Q

inguinal

A

relating to the groin, refers to the entire lower area of the abdomen

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192
Q

Label the regions of the thorax and abdomen

A

right hypochondriac region, epigastic region, left hypochondriac region, right lumbar region, umbilical region, left lumbar region, right iliac region, hypogastric region, left iliac region

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193
Q

Label the quadrants of the abdomen

A

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

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194
Q

peritoneum

A

multilayered membrane that protects and holds organs in place in the abdominal cavity

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195
Q

parietal peritoneum

A

outer layer of the peritoneum that lines the interior of the abdominal wall

196
Q

mesentary

A

fused double layer of the parietal peritoneum that attaches parts of the intestine to the interior abdominal wall

197
Q

visceral peritoneum

A

inner layer of the peritoneum that surrounds the organs of the abdominal cavity

198
Q

retroperitoneal

A

located behind the peritoneum.

199
Q

cystic fibrosis

A

genetic, affects respiratory and digestive systems

200
Q

hemophilia

A

hereditary bleeding disorders

201
Q

huntington’s disease

A

degenerative hereditary nerve disease

202
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakening of the skeletal muscles

203
Q

phenylketonuria

A

genetic disorder, certain digestive enzyme missing

204
Q

Tay-Sachs disease

A

fatal genetic disorder, fatty tissues build up

205
Q

histology

A

study of tissues

206
Q

epithelium

A

epithelial tissue that is on the outside

207
Q

endothelium

A

epitelial tissues line most internal organs

208
Q

connective tissues

A

support and connect organs

209
Q

dense connective tissue

A

bone and cartilage

210
Q

adipose tissue

A

fat

211
Q

loose connective tissue

A

surrounds organs, supports nerve and blood vessles

212
Q

liquid connective tissue

A

blood and lymph

213
Q

aplasia

A

defective development or absence of organ or tissue

214
Q

hypoplasia

A

incomplete development of tissue or organ usually due to a lack of cells

215
Q

anaplasia

A

change of structure and orientation of cells, usually caner

216
Q

dysplasia

A

abnormal development or growth of cells

217
Q

hyperplasia

A

enlargement of an organ or tissue due to more cells

218
Q

hypertrophy

A

general increase in the bulk of the body due to increase in size of cells but not number

219
Q

exocrine glands

A

ducts, secrete things

220
Q

endocrine glands

A

ductless, create hormones

221
Q

adenitis

A

inflammation of a glands

222
Q

adenocarcinoma

A

malignant tumour originating in a gland

223
Q

adenoma

A

benign tumour originating in a gland

224
Q

adenomalacia

A

softening of gland

225
Q

adenosclerosis

A

hardening of gland

226
Q

etiology

A

study of the causes of diseases

227
Q

endemic

A

ongoing presence of a disease

228
Q

functional disorder

A

produces symptoms for which no physical cause can be identified, ex panic attaks

229
Q

iatrogenic illness

A

unfavorable response to prescribed medical treatment

230
Q

idiopathic disorder

A

illness without a known cause

231
Q

nosocomical infection

A

disease acquired in a hospital setting

232
Q

organic disorder

A

produces symptoms caused by detectable physical changes in the body.

233
Q

congenital disorder

A

present at birth

234
Q

developmental disorder

A

birth defect, extra toe

235
Q

atresia

A

congenital absence of a normal body opening or the failure of a structure to be tubular

236
Q

internist

A

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating things of the internal organs and body systems.

237
Q

hospitalist

A

focuses of patient care in hospital setting

238
Q

A & P

A

Anatomy and Physiology

239
Q

CD

A

communicable disease

240
Q

CH, ch

A

chromosome

241
Q

epid

A

epidemic

242
Q

GP

A

general practitioner

243
Q

HD

A

huntingtons disease

244
Q

PKU

A

phenylketonuria

245
Q

transports blood through the body

A

cardiovascular system

246
Q

transports hormones through the blood

A

endocrine system

247
Q

breaks down food

A

digestive system

248
Q

helps us fight diseases

A

immune system

249
Q

provides protection for the body against bacteria

A

integumentary system

250
Q

provides support for the body and allows for movement

A

musculoskeletal system

251
Q

carries electrical messages to and from the brain

A

nervous system

252
Q

allows for breathing

A

respiratory system

253
Q

functions to produce new life

A

reproductive system

254
Q

helps maintain fluid balance

A

urinary system

255
Q

gen/o or gene

A

producing

256
Q

-crine

A

secrete

257
Q

-plasm

A

material of cells

258
Q

burs/o

A

bursa

259
Q

cervic/o

A

neck

260
Q

chondr/o

A

cartilage

261
Q

crani/o

A

head

262
Q

ili/o

A

ilium or hip

263
Q

hemat/o

A

blood

264
Q

lumb/o

A

lower back

265
Q

mandibul/o

A

lower jaw

266
Q

oste/o

A

bone

267
Q

pelv/o

A

pelvis

268
Q

pod/o

A

feet

269
Q

sacr/o

A

sacrum

270
Q

stern/o

A

chest

271
Q

synov/o

A

synovial fluid

272
Q

synovi/o

A

synovial fluid

273
Q

tars/o

A

tarsal bones in the feet

274
Q

vertebr/o

A

vertebra

275
Q

-poietic

A

pertaining to formation

276
Q

ankly/o

A

crooked, bent, stiff

277
Q

-desis

A

bind, tie together

278
Q

kyph/o

A

bent, hump

279
Q

lord/o

A

curve, swayback, bent

280
Q

-lysis

A

loosening r setting free

281
Q

scoli/o

A

curved, bent

282
Q

spondyl/o

A

vertebrae

283
Q

process of turning bone into bone

A

ossification

284
Q

tough, fibrous tissue that forms the outermost covering of bone

A

periosteum

285
Q

dense, hard and very strong bone that forms the protective layer of bones

A

compact bone

286
Q

lighter and not as strong as compact bone, found at the ends, contains red marrow

A

spongy bone

287
Q

the cavity located in the shaft of long bones where it is surrounded by compact bone. Here red and yellow bone marrow are stored.

A

medullary cavity

288
Q

the tissue that lines the medullary cavity

A

endosteum

289
Q

located within the spongy bone, hemopoietic

A

red bone marrow

290
Q

pertaining to the formation of blood

A

hemopoietic

291
Q

smooth, rubbery connective tissue that acts a shock absorber between bones and makes up the flexible parts of the skeleton

A

cartilage

292
Q

functions as a fat storage area in bones

A

yellow bone marrow

293
Q

covers the surfaces of bones where they come together to form joints. This cartilage makes smooth joint movements possible

A

articular cartilage

294
Q

curved fibrous cartilage found in some joints, such as the knee

A

meniscus

295
Q

the shaft of long bone

A

diaphysis

296
Q

the wider ends of long bones such as the femurs

A

epiphyses

297
Q

an opening through which blood vessels etc go in the bone

A

foramen

298
Q

normal projection on the surface of a bone that commonly serves as an attachement for a muscle or tendon

A

process

299
Q

the union place of one or more bones

A

joints

300
Q

inflexible layers of dense connective tissue, hold the bones tightly together. In adults these joints do not allow movements. aka sutures

A

fibrous joints

301
Q

aka soft spots normally present on skull of a newborn

A

fontanelles

302
Q

joints that llow only slight movement and consist of bones connected entirely by cartilage.

A

cartilaginous joints

303
Q

allows some movement during childbirth. this joint is located between the pubic bones in the anterior of the pelvis

A

pubic symphysis

304
Q

joint created where two bones articulate to permit a variety of motions.

A

synovial joints

305
Q

the outermost layer of strong fibrous tissue that resembles a sleeve that surrounds synovial joints

A

synovial capsule

306
Q

lines the synovial capsule and secretes synovial fluid

A

synovial membrane

307
Q

flows within the synovial cavity, acts as a lubricant

A

synovial fluid

308
Q

bands of fibrous tissue that form joints by connecting one bone to another or to cartilage

A

ligaments

309
Q

a fibrous sac that acts as a cushion to ease movement in areas that are subject to friction

A

bursa

310
Q

protects the major organs or the nervous, respiratory, and circulatory systems. consists of 80 bones

A

axial skeleton

311
Q

makes body movement possible and protects organs of digestion, excretion and reproduction. 126 bones

A

appendicular skeleton

312
Q

the portion of the skull that encloses the brain

A

cranium

313
Q

the anterior portion of the cranium that forms the forehead.

A

frontal bone

314
Q

two of the largest bones in the skull that form most of the roof and upper sides of the cranium

A

parietal bones

315
Q

forms the back part of the skull

A

occipital bone

316
Q

two bones that form the sides and base of the cranium

A

temporal bones

317
Q

the opening of the external auditory canal of the outer ear. located within the temporal bone on each side of the skull

A

external auditory meatus

318
Q

an irregular wedge shaped bone at the base of the skull. Makes contact with all other cranial bones

A

sphenoid bone

319
Q

light, spongy bone located at the roof and sides of the nose. separates the nasal cavity from the brain

A

ethmoid bone

320
Q

three tiny bones located in each middle ear

A

auditory ossicles

321
Q

two bones that make up the upper part of the bridge of the nose

A

nasal bones

322
Q

aka cheekbones

A

zygomatic bones

323
Q

form the upper jaw

A

maxillary bones

324
Q

two bones that form the anterior part of the hard palate of the mouth and floor of the nose

A

palatine bones

325
Q

two bones that make up part of the orbit (eye socket) at the inner angle

A

lacrimal bones

326
Q

two thin, scroll-like bones that form part of the interior of the nose

A

inferior conchae

327
Q

forms the base for the nasal septum

A

vomer bone

328
Q

aka the jawbone, only movable bone in the skull

A

mandible

329
Q

where the mandible is attached to the skull

A

temporomandibular joint

330
Q

aka the rib cage

A

thoracic cavity

331
Q

aka the breast bone

A

sternum

332
Q

the bony structure that forms the upper portion of the sternum

A

manubrium

333
Q

the bony structure that forms the middle portion of the sternum

A

body of the sternum

334
Q

the structure made of cartilage that forms the lower portion of the sternum

A

xiphoid process

335
Q

what the shoulders form which supports the arms and hands. aka shoulder girdle

A

pectoral girdle

336
Q

aka collar bone, connects the manubrium of the sternum to the scapula

A

clavicle

337
Q

aka shoulder blade

A

scapula

338
Q

an extension of the scapula that forms the high point of the shoulder

A

acromion

339
Q

the bone of the upper arm

A

humerus

340
Q

the smaller and shorter bone in the forearm. runs up the thumb side of the forearm

A

radius

341
Q

the larger and longer bone of the forearm. proximal end of the ulna articulates with the distal end of the humerus to form the eelbow joint

A

ulna

342
Q

aka funny bone, large projection on the upper end of the ulna. forms the point of the elbow and exposes a nerve that tingles

A

olecranon process

343
Q

8 bones that form the wrist

A

carpals

344
Q

five bones that form the palm of the hand

A

metacarpals

345
Q

14 bones of the fingers

A

phalanges

346
Q

protects the spinal cord and supports the head and body. 26 vertebrae

A

spinal column

347
Q

the posterior portion of a vertebra

A

lamina

348
Q

made of cartilage, seperate and cushion the vertebrae from each other

A

intervertebral disks

349
Q

the first set of 7 vertebrae, form the neck

A

cervical vertebrae

350
Q

12 vertebrae in the middle, form the outward curve of the spine

A

thoracic vertebrae

351
Q

5 vertebrae form the inward curve of the spine. largest and strongest, bear most of the body’s weight

A

lumbar vertebrae

352
Q

slightly curved, triagular bone ear the base of the spine that forms the lower portion of the back.

A

sacrum

353
Q

aka tailbone

A

coccyx

354
Q

protects internal organs and supports the lower extremities, commonly known as the pelvis or hips

A

pelvic girdle

355
Q

broad blade shaped bone that forms the back and sides of the pubic bone

A

ilium

356
Q

the slightly movable articulation between the sacrum and posterior portion of the ilium

A

sacroiliac

357
Q

forms the lower posterior portion of the pubic bone, bears the weight of the body when sitting

A

ischium

358
Q

the cartilaginous joint that unites the left and right pubic bones

A

pubic symphysis

359
Q

aka hip socket, large circular cavity in each side of the pelvis that articulates with the head of the femur to form the hip joint

A

acetabulum

360
Q

largest bones in the body

A

femurs

361
Q

aka kneecap

A

patella

362
Q

describes the posterior space behind the knee where the ligaments, vessels, and muscles related to this joint are located

A

popliteal

363
Q

ligaments that make possible the movements of the knee

A

cruciate ligaments

364
Q

aka shinbone, larger anterior weight bearing bone of the lower leg

A

tibia

365
Q

smaller of the two bones of the lower leg

A

fibula

366
Q

joints that connect the lower leg and foot

A

ankles

367
Q

7 short bones in the ankles

A

tarsal bones

368
Q

rounded bony projection on the tibia and fibula on the sides of each ankle joint

A

malleolus

369
Q

the ankle bone that articulates with the tibia and fibula

A

talus

370
Q

aka heel bone, largest of the tasal bones

A

calcaneus

371
Q

5 bones that form the part of the foot to which the toes are attached

A

metatarsals

372
Q

bones of the toes

A

phalanges

373
Q

doctor that specialized in manipulative treatment of disorders of disorders misalighnment of the spine

A

chiropractor

374
Q

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases disorders involving the bones, joints, and muscles

A

orthopedic surgeon

375
Q

uses traditional forms of medical treatment in addition to specializing in treating health problems by spinal manipulation

A

osteopath

376
Q

specializes in feet

A

podiatrist

377
Q

specializes in arthritis, osteporosis

A

rheumatologist

378
Q

loss of absence of mobility in a joint

A

ankylosis

379
Q

stiffness of the joints, especially elderly

A

arthrosclerosis

380
Q

inflammtion of a bursa

A

bursitis

381
Q

softening of cartilage

A

chondromalacia

382
Q

benign tumor from cartilage

A

chondroma

383
Q

inflammation of the cartilage that connects a rib to the sternum

A

costochondritis

384
Q

aka bunion, abnormal enlargemnt of the joint at the base of the big toe

A

Hallux vagus

385
Q

blood within a joint

A

hemarthrosis

386
Q

a geriatric inflammatory disorder of the muscles and joints characterized by pain and stiffness is the neck, shoulders, upper arms, and hips and thighs.

A

polymyalgia rheumatica

387
Q

inflammation of the synovial membrane

A

synovitis

388
Q

total displacement of a bone from its joint

A

dislocation

389
Q

the partial displacement of a bone from its joint

A

subluxation

390
Q

wear and tear artritis

A

osteoarthritis

391
Q

bone spurs

A

osteophytes

392
Q

type of arthritis charachterized by deposits of uric acid in the joints

A

gouty arthritis

393
Q

spinal osteoarthritis, degenerative disorder

A

spondylosis

394
Q

autoimmune disorder that attacks the joints

A

rheumatoid arthritis

395
Q

form of rheumatoid arthritis that causes inflammation in the joints of the vertebrae

A

ankylosing spondylitis

396
Q

slipped disk, breaking apart of an intervertebral disk

A

herniated disk

397
Q

low back pain

A

lumbago

398
Q

forward slipping movement of the body of one of the lower lumbar vertebrae on the vertebra or sacrum below it

A

spondylolisthesis

399
Q

congenital defect when the spinal canal fails to close arroundthe spinal cord

A

spina bifidia

400
Q

abnormal increase in the outward curvature of the thoracic spine

A

kyphosis

401
Q

abnormal increase in the forward curvature of the lumbar spine, swayback

A

lordosis

402
Q

abnormal lateral curvature of the spine

A

scoliosis

403
Q

malformation of the skull due to the premature close of the cranial sutures

A

craniostenosis

404
Q

bonde disoder of unknown cause that destroys normal bone structure and replaces it with fibrous tissue. leads to deformity

A

fibrous dysplasia

405
Q

pain in the bone

A

ostealgia

406
Q

inflammation of the bone

A

osteitis

407
Q

abnormal softening of the bone in adults

A

osteomalacia

408
Q

inflammation of the bone marrow and adjacent bone

A

osteomyelitis

409
Q

death of bone tissue

A

osteonecrosis

410
Q

bone disease of unknown cause characterized by the excessive breakdown of bone tissue, followed by abnormal bone formation. New bone is enlarged and filled with few blood vessels

A

Paget’s disease

411
Q

inflammation of the periosteum

A

periostitis

412
Q

deficiency disease occuring in children, defectie bone growth

A

Rickets

413
Q

drawfism, failure of bones to grow to appropriate length

A

short stature

414
Q

clubfoot, any deformity of the foot involving the talus

A

talipes

415
Q

primary bone cancer

A

starts in bones, rare

416
Q

secondary bone cancer

A

metastasizes to the bones

417
Q

type of cancer that occurs in blood aking cells found in red bone marrow

A

myeloma

418
Q

benign bony projection covered in cartilage

A

osteochondroma

419
Q

loss of bone density

A

osteoporosis

420
Q

tinner than average bone densisty

A

osteopenia

421
Q

occurs when bone is compresed on itself, often caused by spontaneous collapse of a weaken vertebrae

A

compression fracture

422
Q

fracture that occurs at the lower end of the radius when a person tries to stop a fall by landing on his or her hands

A

Colles’ fracture

423
Q

broken hip caused by osteoporosis

A

osteoporotic hip fracture

424
Q

complete/simple fracture, no open wound

A

closed fracture

425
Q

bone and skin is broken

A

open fracture

426
Q

bone is crushed or splintered

A

comminuted fracture

427
Q

bone is bent or partially broken, children

A

greenstick fracture

428
Q

fracture occurs at an angle across the bone

A

oblique fracture

429
Q

occurs when a weakened bone breaks under normal strain

A

pathologic fracture

430
Q

fracture in which the bone has been twisted apart

A

spiral fracture

431
Q

overuse injury, small crack from chronic excessive impact

A

stress fracture

432
Q

fracture occurs straight across the bone

A

transverse fracture

433
Q

form whena long bone is fractured and fat cells from the yellow bone marrow are released

A

fat embolus

434
Q

the grating sound heard when the ends of a broken bone move together

A

crepitation

435
Q

as a bone heals, this forms as a bulging deposit around the area of the break

A

callus

436
Q

aka xray

A

radiograph

437
Q

visual examination of the interrnal structure of a joint

A

arthroscopy

438
Q

diagnostic test that may be necessary after abnormal types or numbers of red or white blood cells are found ina complete blood count test

A

bone marrow biopsy

439
Q

used to image soft tissue structures usuch as the interior of complex joints.

A

magnetic resonance imaging

440
Q

used to determine losses or changes in bone density. test used to diagnose osteoporosis

A

bone density testing

441
Q

screening test for osteoporosis using sound waves

A

ultrasonic bone density testing

442
Q

low-exposure radiographic measurement of the spine and hips to measure bone density

A

dual x-ray absorptiometry

443
Q

bone marow transplant from a compatiable donor

A

allogenic bone marrow transplant

444
Q

bone marrow transplant where the donor recieves thier own bone marrow

A

autologous bone marrow transplant

445
Q

a mechanical appliance such a s a splint that is designed to compensate for impared limb function

A

orthotic

446
Q

a substitute for a missing body part

A

prosthesis

447
Q

the surgical fusion of two bones to stiffen a joint

A

arthrodesis

448
Q

surgical loosening or an ankylosed joint

A

arthrolysis

449
Q

minimally invasive procedure for the treatment of a joint

A

arthroscopic surgery

450
Q

the surgical repair of damaged cartilage

A

chondroplasty

451
Q

the surgical removal of synovial membrane from a joint

A

synovectomy

452
Q

injections used to add a preparation of stuff into a joint to ease friction

A

viscosupplementation

453
Q

surgical placement of an artificial joint

A

arthroplasty

454
Q

all parts of the knew=e are replaced

A

total knee replacement

455
Q

only part of the knee is relaced

A

partial knee replacement

456
Q

performed to restore a damaged hip to full function. head of the femur is replaced with metal

A

total hip replacement

457
Q

function is restored to the hip by placing a metal cap over the head of teh femur

A

hip resurfacing

458
Q

the replacement of a worn or fiailed implant

A

revision surgery

459
Q

perfomed to treat a herniated disk. A thin tube is inserted thorugh the skin of the back to suction out the ruptured diskt or vaporize it

A

percutaneous diskectomy

460
Q

performed to treat osteoporosis related compresion fractures. Bone cement is injected to stabilize the fracture in the spinal column

A

percutaneous vertroplasty

461
Q

the surcgical removal of a lamina or posterior portion of a vertebrae

A

laminectomy

462
Q

technique to immobilize part of the spine by joining two or more vertebrae

A

spinal fusion

463
Q

the surgical removal of a portion of the skull

A

craniectomy

464
Q

surgical incision into the skull

A

craniotomy

465
Q

surgical repair of the skull

A

cranioplasty

466
Q

surgical fracture of a bone to correct a deformity

A

osteoclasis

467
Q

the surgical removal of a bone

A

ostectomy

468
Q

surgical repair of a bone

A

osteoplasty

469
Q

surgical suturing of bones

A

osteorrhaphy

470
Q

surgical cutting of a bone

A

osteotomy

471
Q

incision through the periosteum to the bone

A

periosteotomy

472
Q

attempted realignment of the boone involved in a fracture or dislocation. manually applied force then immobilized

A

closed reduction

473
Q

aka stabilization

A

immobilization

474
Q

pulling force exered on a limb in a distal direction in an effort to return the bone or joint to normal alignment

A

traction

475
Q

fracture treatment procedure where pins are placed throught the soft tissues and and external appliance is used to hold the pieces together

A

external fixation

476
Q

plate or pins are placed directly into the bone to hold the broken pieces in place

A

internal fixation

477
Q

BDT

A

bone density testing

478
Q

CR

A

closed reduction

479
Q

Fx

A

fracture

480
Q

OA

A

osteoarthritis

481
Q

OP

A

osteoporosis

482
Q

PKR

A

partial knee replacement

483
Q

PMR

A

polymyalgia rheumatica

484
Q

RA

A

rheumatoid arthritis

485
Q

THA

A

total hip arthroplasty

486
Q

TKA

A

total knee arthroplasty

Medical Terminoloy (13 decks)

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