mod 3 chp 11 Flashcards
1
Q
blephar/o
A
eyelid
2
Q
-cusis
A
hearing
3
Q
irid/o
A
iris
4
Q
kerat/o
A
hard, cornea
5
Q
myring/o
A
tympanic membrane, eardrum
6
Q
ophthalm/o
A
eye, vision
7
Q
-opia
A
vision condition
8
Q
opt/o
A
eye, vision
9
Q
ot/o
A
ear, hearing
10
Q
phak/o
A
lens of eye
11
Q
presby/o
A
old age
12
Q
retin/o
A
retina
13
Q
scler/o
A
sclera
14
Q
trop/o
A
turn, change
15
Q
tympan/o
A
tympanic membrane, eardrum
16
Q
OD
A
right eye
17
Q
OS
A
left eye
18
Q
OU
A
each eye
19
Q
the structures outside the eyeball
A
adnexa of the eyes
20
Q
means the accessory or adjoining anatomical parts of an organ
A
adnexa
21
Q
aka eye socket
A
orbt
22
Q
6 major muscles that are arranged in three pairs and are attached to the eye
A
eye muscles
23
Q
occurs when the muscles of both eyes work together in coordination to make normal depth perception possible
A
binocular vision
24
Q
help protect the eyeball from foreign matter, excessive light, and injuries (3 items)
A
upper and lower eyelids, eyebrows, eyelashes
25
the angle where the upper and lower eyelids meet
canthus
26
small hairs, make up the eyebrows and eyelashes
cilia
27
the framework within the upper and lower eyelids that provides the necessary stiffness and shape
tarsus
28
the transparent mucous membrane that lines the underside of each eyelid and continues to form a protective covering over the exposed surface of the eyeball
conjunctiva
29
aka tear apparatus
lacrimal apparatus
30
secrete lacrimal fluid, located on the underside of the upper eyelid
lacrimal glands
31
aka tears
lacrimal fluid
32
consists of a duct at the inner corner of each eye, collects tears and empty them into the lacrimal sacs
lacrimal canal
33
aka tear sac
lacrimal sac
34
the passageway that drains excess tears into the nose
lacrimal duct
35
aka globe, 1 inch sphere
eyeball
36
pertaining to the eye or sight
optic
37
pertaining to the eye
ocular
38
means outside the eyeball
extraocular
39
within the eyeball
intraocular
40
aka white of the eyeball, maintains the shape of the eye and protects the delicate inner layes
sclera
41
opaque middle layer of the eyeball that contains many blood vessels and provides the blood supply
choroid
42
sensitive inner most layer that lines the posterior segment of the eye
retina
43
makes up the front one third of the eyeball
anterior segment
44
located behind the cornea and in front or the iris
anterior chamber
45
located behind the iris and in front of the ligaments holding the lens in place
posterior chamber
46
aka aqueous fluid, fills posterior and anterior chambers
aqueous humor
47
measurement of the fluid pressure inside the eye
intraocular pressure
48
makes up the remaining twothirds of the eye
posterior segment
49
fills the posterior segment of the eye
vitreous humor
50
of the retina receive images that have passed through the lens of the eye, convert to nerve impulses
rods and cones
51
clearly defined light-sensitive area in the center of the retina that is responsible for sharp central vision
macula
52
pit in the middle of the macula. color vision is best in this area
fovea centralis
53
small region in the eye where the nerve endings of the retina enter the optic nerve, aka blind spot
optic disk
54
transmit nerve impulses from the retina to the brain
optic nerve
55
pigmented layer of the eye, has a rich blood supply and consists of the choroid, ciliary body, and iris
uvea
56
located within the choroid, a set of muscles and suspensory ligaments that adjust the thickness of the lens to refine the focus of the light rays on the retina
ciliary body
57
colorful circular structure that surrounds the pupil, control the amount of light allowed to enter the eye
iris
58
transparent outer surface of the eye covering the iris and pupil
cornea
59
black circular opening in the center of the iris that permits light to enter the eye
pupil
60
clear, flexible, curved structure that focuses images on the retina
lens
61
the process whereby the eyes make adjustments for seeing objects at various distances
accommodation
62
the simultaneous inward movement of the eyes toward each other
convergence
63
the normal relationship between the refractive power of the eye and the shape of the eye that enables light rays to focus correctly on the retina
emmetropia
64
the ability of the lens to bend light rays so they focus on the retina
refraction
65
the ability to distinguish object details and shape at a distance
visual acuity
66
physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating the full spectrum of diseases and disorders of the eyes
ophthalmologist
67
provides eye care, including diagnosing eye diseases and conditions, and measuring the accuracy of vision to determine whether corrective lenses are needed
optometrist
68
health care practitioner who designs, fits, and dispenses lenses for vision correction
optician
69
drooping of the upper eyelid
ptosis
70
nodule or cyst, usually on the upper eyelid, caused by obstruction in a sebaceous gland
chalazion
71
eversion of the edge of an eyelid
ectropion
72
inversion of the edge of an eyelid
entropion
73
aka stye, pus-filed lesion on the eyelid resulting from an acute infection in a sebaceous gland
hordeolum
74
swelling of the tissues surrounding the eye
periorbital edema
75
aka pinkeye, inflammation of the conjunctiva
conjunctivitis
76
inflammation of the lacrimal gland caused by infection
dacryoadenitis
77
bleeding between the conjunctiva and the sclera
subconjunctival hemorrhage
78
aka dry eye,
xerophthalmia
79
inflammation of the uvea causing swelling and irratation
uveitis
80
most common form of uveitis, affects primarily structures in the front of the eye
iritis
81
injury, such as a scratch or irritation, to the outer layers of the cornea
corneal abrasion
82
pitting of the cornea caused by an infection or injury
corneal ulcer
83
damage to the retina as a complication of uncontrolled diabetes
diabetic retinopathy
84
inflammation of the cornea
keratitis
85
inflammation of the sclera
scleritis
86
condition in which the pupils are unequal in size
anisocoria
87
loss of transparency of the lens that causes a progressive loos of visual clarity
cataract
88
particles of cellular debris that float in the vitreous humor and cast shadows on the retina
floaters
89
presence of what appears to be flashes of light
photopsia
90
contraction of the pupil, normally in response to exposure to light
miosis
91
dilation of the pupil, opposite of miosis
mydriasis
92
involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball that can be congenital or caused by a neurological injury
nystagmus
93
aka choked disk, swelling and inflammation of the optic nerve at the point of entrance into the eye through the optic disk
papilledema
94
separation of some or all of the retina from the choroid
retinal detachment
95
progressive degeneration of the retina that affects night and peripheral vision
retinitis pigmentosa
96
group of diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure that causes damage to the retinal nerve fibers and the optic nerve
glaucoma
97
most common form of glaucoma, trabecular meshwork gradually becomes blocked, causing a buildup of pressure, aka chronic
open-angle glaucoma
98
aka acute glaucoma, opening between the cornea and iris narrows so that fluid cannot reach the trabecular meshwork
closed-angle glaucoma
99
gradually progressive condition in which the macula at the center of the retina is damaged, resulting the the loss of central vision
macular degeneration
100
aka double vision
diplopia
101
blindness in one-half of the visual field
hemianopia
102
aka color blindess
monochromatism
103
aka night blindness, individual with normal daytime vision has difficulty seeing at night
nyctalopia
104
excessive sensitivity to light and can be the result or migraines, etc
photophobia
105
condition of common changes in the eyes that occur with aging, near vision declines noticeably
presbyopia
106
disorder in which the eye points in different direction or are not aligned correctly
strabismus
107
aka cross eye
esotropia
108
aka walleye, strabismus characterized by the outward deviation of one eye relative to the other
exotropia
109
focusing problem that occurs when the lens and cornea do not bend light so that it focuses properly on the retina
refractive disorder
110
any error of refraction in which images do not focus properly on the retina
ametropia
111
condition in which the eye does not focus properly because of uneven curvatures of the cornea
astigmatism
112
aka farsightedness, light rays focus beyond the retina
hyperopia
113
aka nearsightedness, light rays focus in front of the retina
myopia
114
inability to see
blindness
115
dimness of vision or the partial loss of sight, especially in one eye, without detectable disease of the eye
amblyopia
116
abnormal area of diminished vision surrounded by an area of normal vision
scotoma
117
used to measure visual acuity, results recorded as a fraction with 20/20 being considered normal
Snellen chart
118
examination procedure to determine an eye's refractive error so that the best corrective lenses can be prescribed
refraction
119
unit of measurement of a lens' refractive power
diopter
120
examination of how the two eyes work together and is used to assess binocular vision
cover test
121
performed to determine losses in peripheral vison
visual field testing
122
aka funduscopy, use of an ophthalamoscope to visually examine the fundus
ophthalmoscopy
123
of the eyes is required in preparation for the ophthalmoscopic examination of the interior of the eye. enlargement of the pupils
dilation
124
placed into the eyes to produce temporaroy paralysis
mydriatic drops
125
diagnostic procedure in which a narrow beam of light is focused onto parts of the eye to permit the ophthalmologist to examine the structures at the front of the eye
slip-lamp ophthalmoscopy
126
application of fluorescent dye to the surface of the eye via eye drips, causes corneal abrasion to appear bright green
fluorescein staining
127
PERRLA
acronym meaning pupils are equal, round, responsive to light and accommodation
128
measurement of intraocular pressure
tonometry
129
surgical incision into the orbit
orbitotomy
130
partial or complete suturing together of the upper and loer eyelids to protect the eye when the lids are paralyzed
tarsorrhaphy
131
surgical replacement of a scarred or diseased cornea with clear corneal tissue form a donor
corneal transplant
132
removal of the eyeball, leaving the eye muscles intact
enucleation
133
aka artificial eye
ocular prosthesis
134
surgical removal of a portion of the tissue of the iris, used to treat closed-angle glaucoma
iridectomy
135
surgical procedure to treat myopia. incisions are made in the cornea to cause it to flatten. Allow the sides of the cornea to bulge outward and thereby flatten the central portion of the cornea, brings the focal point of the ye closer to the retina
radical keratotomy
136
silicone band or sponge used to repair a detached retina
scleral buckle
137
removal of the vitreous humor and its replacement with a clear solution
vitrectomy
138
general term used to describe the surgical removal of a cataract
lensectomy
139
use of ultrasonic vibration to shatter and remove the lens clouded by a cataract
phacoemulsification
140
surgically implanted replacement for a natural lens that has been removed
intraocular lens
141
uses a focused beam of light to create a hole in the iris of the eye, used to treat closed-angle glaucoma
laser iridotomy
142
used to treat open-angle glaucoma by creating opening in the trabecular meshwork to allow the fluid to drain properly
laser trabeculoplasty
143
LASIK
acronym for laser assisted in situ keratomileusis. a flap is opened in the surface of the cornea and then a laser is used to change the shape of the deep corneal layer
144
the use of a laser to treat some forms of wet macular degeneration by sealing leaking or damaged blood vessels
photocoagulation
145
used to reattach the detached area in a retinal detachement
retinopexy
146
aka outer ear, captures sound waves and transmits them into the external auditory canal
pinna
147
transmits sound waves to the typmanic membrane
external auditory canal
148
aka earwax
cerumen
149
located between the outer ear and the inner ear, transmits sound across the space
middle ear
150
aka eardrum
tympanic membrane
151
temporal bone containing hollow air space that surrounds the middle ear
mastoid process
152
three small bones located within the middle ear. transmit the sound waves from the eardrum to the inner ear by vibration
auditory ossicles
153
auditory ossicles, aka hammer
malleus
154
auditory ossicles, anvil
incus
155
auditory ossicles, stirrup
stapes
156
contains the sensory receptors for hearing and balance
inner ear
157
narrow tubes that lead from the middle ear to the nasal cavity and the throat, equalize air pressure
eustachian tubes
158
structures of the inner ear
labyrinth
159
located under the base of the stapes, membrane that separates the middle ear from the inner ear
oval window
160
snail shaped structure of the inner ear where sound vibrations are converted into nerve impulses
cochlea
161
receives the vibrations from the cochlear duct and relays them to the auditory nerve fibers. transmit the sound impulses to the auditory center of the brain's cerebral cortex
organ of Corti
162
contain liquid endolymph and sensitive hair-like cells. bending of these cells in response to the movements of the head sets up impulses in nerve fibers to help maintain equilibrium
acoustic nerves
163
process by which sound waves enter the ear through the pinna and then travel down the external auditory canal until they strike the tympanic membrane
air conduction
164
occurs as the eardrum vibrates and causes the auditory ossicles of the middle ear to vibrate. transmits the sound waves through the middle ear to the oval window of the inner
bone conduction
165
occurs when these sound vibration reach the inner ear. receive sound waves and relay them to the auditory nerve for transmission to the brain
sensorineural conduction
166
specializes in the measurement of hearing function and the rehab of patients with hearing impairments
audiologist
167
accumulation of earwax that forms a solid mass
impacted cerumen
168
pain in the ear
otalgia
169
inflammation of the ear
otitis
170
aka swimmers ear, fungal infection of the external auditory canal
otomycosis
171
flow of pus from the ear
otophyorrhea
172
discharge from the ear
otorrhea
173
pressure-related ear condition
barotrauma
174
aka, pearly tumor, destructive epidermal cyst in the middle ear and/or mastoid process made up of epithelial cells and cholesterol
cholesteatoma
175
inflammation of any part of the mastoid bone cells
mastoiditis
176
contagious inflammation that causes painful blisters on the eardrum
infectious myringitis
177
inflammation of the middle ear
otitis media
178
ankylosis of the bones of the middle ear, resulting in a conductive hearing loss
otosclerosis
179
inflammation of the labyrinth that can cause vertigo and deafness
labyrinthitis
180
sense of whirling, dizziness, and loss of balance often combined with nausea and vomiting
vertigo
181
rare chronic disorder in which the amount of fluid in the inner ear increases intermittently, producing attacks of vertigo
Meniere's disease
182
condition of a ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in one or both ears
tinnitus
183
brain tumor that develops adjacent to the cranial nerve running from the brain to the inner ear
acoustic neuroma
184
complete or partial loss of hearing
deafness
185
gradual loss of sensorineural hearing that occurs as the body ages
presbycusis
186
occurs when sound waves are prevented from passing from the air to the fluid filled inner ear
conductive hearing loss
187
aka nerve deafness, develops when the auditory nerve or hair cells are damaged
sensorineural hearing loss
188
caused by repeated exposure to extremely loud noises
noise-induced hearing loss
189
commonly used as the measurement of the loudness of sound
decibel
190
measurement of the ability to hear and understand speech sounds based on their pitch and loudness
audiological evaluation
191
use of an audiometer to measure hearing acuity
audiometry
192
measure of sound frequency
hertz
193
instrument used to examine the external ear canal
otoscope
194
involves one ear testing
monaural testing
195
testing involves one ear
binaural testing
196
use of air pressure in the ear canal to test for disorders of the middle ear
tympanometry
197
use a tuning fork to distinguish between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss
Weber and Rinne tests
198
surgical repair of the pinna of the ear
otoplasty
199
tiny ventilating tubes placed through the eardrum to provide ongoing drainage for fluids and to relieve pressure
ear tubes
200
the surgical removal of mastoid cells
mastoidectomy
201
small surgical incision in the eardrum to relieve pressure from excess pus or fluid
myringotomy
202
surgical removal of the top portion of the stapes bone and the insertion of a small prosthetic device that conducts sound vibrations to the inner ear
stapedectomy
203
surgical correction of a damaged middle ear
tympanoplasty
204
surgical removal of all or a portion of the labyrinth
labyrinthectomy
205
form of physical therapy designed to treat a wide variety of balance disorders
vestibular rehabilitation therapy
206
transmits, processes, or amplifies sound, and can be used with or without a hearing aid
assistive listening device
207
electronic device that bypasses the damaged portions of the ear and directly stimulated the auditory nerve
cochlear implant
208
surgical procedure in which a new opening is created in the labyrinth to restore lost hearing
fenestration
209
electronic devices worn to correct hearing loss
hearing aids
210
AC
air conduction
211
ALD
assisted listening device
212
AS
astigmatism
213
CAT
cataract
214
CI
conjunctivitis
215
dB
decibel
216
EM, em
emmetropia
217
FA, FAG
fluorescein angiography
218
G, glc
glaucoma
219
MD
macular degeneration
220
RK
radical keratotomy
221
RD
retinal detachment
222
SLE
slit-lamp examination
223
VA
visual acuity
224
VF
visual field
225
darcryocyst/o
Lacrimal apparatus
226
Pinn/i
Pinna
