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Medical Terminoloy > mod 3 chp 11 > Flashcards

mod 3 chp 11 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

blephar/o

A

eyelid

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2
Q

-cusis

A

hearing

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3
Q

irid/o

A

iris

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4
Q

kerat/o

A

hard, cornea

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5
Q

myring/o

A

tympanic membrane, eardrum

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6
Q

ophthalm/o

A

eye, vision

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7
Q

-opia

A

vision condition

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8
Q

opt/o

A

eye, vision

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9
Q

ot/o

A

ear, hearing

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10
Q

phak/o

A

lens of eye

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11
Q

presby/o

A

old age

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12
Q

retin/o

A

retina

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13
Q

scler/o

A

sclera

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14
Q

trop/o

A

turn, change

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15
Q

tympan/o

A

tympanic membrane, eardrum

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16
Q

OD

A

right eye

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17
Q

OS

A

left eye

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18
Q

OU

A

each eye

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19
Q

the structures outside the eyeball

A

adnexa of the eyes

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20
Q

means the accessory or adjoining anatomical parts of an organ

A

adnexa

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21
Q

aka eye socket

A

orbt

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22
Q

6 major muscles that are arranged in three pairs and are attached to the eye

A

eye muscles

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23
Q

occurs when the muscles of both eyes work together in coordination to make normal depth perception possible

A

binocular vision

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24
Q

help protect the eyeball from foreign matter, excessive light, and injuries (3 items)

A

upper and lower eyelids, eyebrows, eyelashes

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25
Q

the angle where the upper and lower eyelids meet

A

canthus

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26
Q

small hairs, make up the eyebrows and eyelashes

A

cilia

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27
Q

the framework within the upper and lower eyelids that provides the necessary stiffness and shape

A

tarsus

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28
Q

the transparent mucous membrane that lines the underside of each eyelid and continues to form a protective covering over the exposed surface of the eyeball

A

conjunctiva

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29
Q

aka tear apparatus

A

lacrimal apparatus

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30
Q

secrete lacrimal fluid, located on the underside of the upper eyelid

A

lacrimal glands

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31
Q

aka tears

A

lacrimal fluid

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32
Q

consists of a duct at the inner corner of each eye, collects tears and empty them into the lacrimal sacs

A

lacrimal canal

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33
Q

aka tear sac

A

lacrimal sac

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34
Q

the passageway that drains excess tears into the nose

A

lacrimal duct

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35
Q

aka globe, 1 inch sphere

A

eyeball

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36
Q

pertaining to the eye or sight

A

optic

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37
Q

pertaining to the eye

A

ocular

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38
Q

means outside the eyeball

A

extraocular

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39
Q

within the eyeball

A

intraocular

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40
Q

aka white of the eyeball, maintains the shape of the eye and protects the delicate inner layes

A

sclera

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41
Q

opaque middle layer of the eyeball that contains many blood vessels and provides the blood supply

A

choroid

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42
Q

sensitive inner most layer that lines the posterior segment of the eye

A

retina

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43
Q

makes up the front one third of the eyeball

A

anterior segment

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44
Q

located behind the cornea and in front or the iris

A

anterior chamber

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45
Q

located behind the iris and in front of the ligaments holding the lens in place

A

posterior chamber

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46
Q

aka aqueous fluid, fills posterior and anterior chambers

A

aqueous humor

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47
Q

measurement of the fluid pressure inside the eye

A

intraocular pressure

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48
Q

makes up the remaining twothirds of the eye

A

posterior segment

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49
Q

fills the posterior segment of the eye

A

vitreous humor

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50
Q

of the retina receive images that have passed through the lens of the eye, convert to nerve impulses

A

rods and cones

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51
Q

clearly defined light-sensitive area in the center of the retina that is responsible for sharp central vision

A

macula

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52
Q

pit in the middle of the macula. color vision is best in this area

A

fovea centralis

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53
Q

small region in the eye where the nerve endings of the retina enter the optic nerve, aka blind spot

A

optic disk

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54
Q

transmit nerve impulses from the retina to the brain

A

optic nerve

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55
Q

pigmented layer of the eye, has a rich blood supply and consists of the choroid, ciliary body, and iris

A

uvea

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56
Q

located within the choroid, a set of muscles and suspensory ligaments that adjust the thickness of the lens to refine the focus of the light rays on the retina

A

ciliary body

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57
Q

colorful circular structure that surrounds the pupil, control the amount of light allowed to enter the eye

A

iris

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58
Q

transparent outer surface of the eye covering the iris and pupil

A

cornea

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59
Q

black circular opening in the center of the iris that permits light to enter the eye

A

pupil

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60
Q

clear, flexible, curved structure that focuses images on the retina

A

lens

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61
Q

the process whereby the eyes make adjustments for seeing objects at various distances

A

accommodation

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62
Q

the simultaneous inward movement of the eyes toward each other

A

convergence

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63
Q

the normal relationship between the refractive power of the eye and the shape of the eye that enables light rays to focus correctly on the retina

A

emmetropia

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64
Q

the ability of the lens to bend light rays so they focus on the retina

A

refraction

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65
Q

the ability to distinguish object details and shape at a distance

A

visual acuity

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66
Q

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating the full spectrum of diseases and disorders of the eyes

A

ophthalmologist

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67
Q

provides eye care, including diagnosing eye diseases and conditions, and measuring the accuracy of vision to determine whether corrective lenses are needed

A

optometrist

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68
Q

health care practitioner who designs, fits, and dispenses lenses for vision correction

A

optician

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69
Q

drooping of the upper eyelid

A

ptosis

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70
Q

nodule or cyst, usually on the upper eyelid, caused by obstruction in a sebaceous gland

A

chalazion

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71
Q

eversion of the edge of an eyelid

A

ectropion

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72
Q

inversion of the edge of an eyelid

A

entropion

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73
Q

aka stye, pus-filed lesion on the eyelid resulting from an acute infection in a sebaceous gland

A

hordeolum

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74
Q

swelling of the tissues surrounding the eye

A

periorbital edema

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75
Q

aka pinkeye, inflammation of the conjunctiva

A

conjunctivitis

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76
Q

inflammation of the lacrimal gland caused by infection

A

dacryoadenitis

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77
Q

bleeding between the conjunctiva and the sclera

A

subconjunctival hemorrhage

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78
Q

aka dry eye,

A

xerophthalmia

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79
Q

inflammation of the uvea causing swelling and irratation

A

uveitis

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80
Q

most common form of uveitis, affects primarily structures in the front of the eye

A

iritis

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81
Q

injury, such as a scratch or irritation, to the outer layers of the cornea

A

corneal abrasion

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82
Q

pitting of the cornea caused by an infection or injury

A

corneal ulcer

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83
Q

damage to the retina as a complication of uncontrolled diabetes

A

diabetic retinopathy

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84
Q

inflammation of the cornea

A

keratitis

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85
Q

inflammation of the sclera

A

scleritis

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86
Q

condition in which the pupils are unequal in size

A

anisocoria

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87
Q

loss of transparency of the lens that causes a progressive loos of visual clarity

A

cataract

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88
Q

particles of cellular debris that float in the vitreous humor and cast shadows on the retina

A

floaters

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89
Q

presence of what appears to be flashes of light

A

photopsia

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90
Q

contraction of the pupil, normally in response to exposure to light

A

miosis

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91
Q

dilation of the pupil, opposite of miosis

A

mydriasis

92
Q

involuntary, constant, rhythmic movement of the eyeball that can be congenital or caused by a neurological injury

A

nystagmus

93
Q

aka choked disk, swelling and inflammation of the optic nerve at the point of entrance into the eye through the optic disk

A

papilledema

94
Q

separation of some or all of the retina from the choroid

A

retinal detachment

95
Q

progressive degeneration of the retina that affects night and peripheral vision

A

retinitis pigmentosa

96
Q

group of diseases characterized by increased intraocular pressure that causes damage to the retinal nerve fibers and the optic nerve

A

glaucoma

97
Q

most common form of glaucoma, trabecular meshwork gradually becomes blocked, causing a buildup of pressure, aka chronic

A

open-angle glaucoma

98
Q

aka acute glaucoma, opening between the cornea and iris narrows so that fluid cannot reach the trabecular meshwork

A

closed-angle glaucoma

99
Q

gradually progressive condition in which the macula at the center of the retina is damaged, resulting the the loss of central vision

A

macular degeneration

100
Q

aka double vision

A

diplopia

101
Q

blindness in one-half of the visual field

A

hemianopia

102
Q

aka color blindess

A

monochromatism

103
Q

aka night blindness, individual with normal daytime vision has difficulty seeing at night

A

nyctalopia

104
Q

excessive sensitivity to light and can be the result or migraines, etc

A

photophobia

105
Q

condition of common changes in the eyes that occur with aging, near vision declines noticeably

A

presbyopia

106
Q

disorder in which the eye points in different direction or are not aligned correctly

A

strabismus

107
Q

aka cross eye

A

esotropia

108
Q

aka walleye, strabismus characterized by the outward deviation of one eye relative to the other

A

exotropia

109
Q

focusing problem that occurs when the lens and cornea do not bend light so that it focuses properly on the retina

A

refractive disorder

110
Q

any error of refraction in which images do not focus properly on the retina

A

ametropia

111
Q

condition in which the eye does not focus properly because of uneven curvatures of the cornea

A

astigmatism

112
Q

aka farsightedness, light rays focus beyond the retina

A

hyperopia

113
Q

aka nearsightedness, light rays focus in front of the retina

A

myopia

114
Q

inability to see

A

blindness

115
Q

dimness of vision or the partial loss of sight, especially in one eye, without detectable disease of the eye

A

amblyopia

116
Q

abnormal area of diminished vision surrounded by an area of normal vision

A

scotoma

117
Q

used to measure visual acuity, results recorded as a fraction with 20/20 being considered normal

A

Snellen chart

118
Q

examination procedure to determine an eye’s refractive error so that the best corrective lenses can be prescribed

A

refraction

119
Q

unit of measurement of a lens’ refractive power

A

diopter

120
Q

examination of how the two eyes work together and is used to assess binocular vision

A

cover test

121
Q

performed to determine losses in peripheral vison

A

visual field testing

122
Q

aka funduscopy, use of an ophthalamoscope to visually examine the fundus

A

ophthalmoscopy

123
Q

of the eyes is required in preparation for the ophthalmoscopic examination of the interior of the eye. enlargement of the pupils

A

dilation

124
Q

placed into the eyes to produce temporaroy paralysis

A

mydriatic drops

125
Q

diagnostic procedure in which a narrow beam of light is focused onto parts of the eye to permit the ophthalmologist to examine the structures at the front of the eye

A

slip-lamp ophthalmoscopy

126
Q

application of fluorescent dye to the surface of the eye via eye drips, causes corneal abrasion to appear bright green

A

fluorescein staining

127
Q

PERRLA

A

acronym meaning pupils are equal, round, responsive to light and accommodation

128
Q

measurement of intraocular pressure

A

tonometry

129
Q

surgical incision into the orbit

A

orbitotomy

130
Q

partial or complete suturing together of the upper and loer eyelids to protect the eye when the lids are paralyzed

A

tarsorrhaphy

131
Q

surgical replacement of a scarred or diseased cornea with clear corneal tissue form a donor

A

corneal transplant

132
Q

removal of the eyeball, leaving the eye muscles intact

A

enucleation

133
Q

aka artificial eye

A

ocular prosthesis

134
Q

surgical removal of a portion of the tissue of the iris, used to treat closed-angle glaucoma

A

iridectomy

135
Q

surgical procedure to treat myopia. incisions are made in the cornea to cause it to flatten. Allow the sides of the cornea to bulge outward and thereby flatten the central portion of the cornea, brings the focal point of the ye closer to the retina

A

radical keratotomy

136
Q

silicone band or sponge used to repair a detached retina

A

scleral buckle

137
Q

removal of the vitreous humor and its replacement with a clear solution

A

vitrectomy

138
Q

general term used to describe the surgical removal of a cataract

A

lensectomy

139
Q

use of ultrasonic vibration to shatter and remove the lens clouded by a cataract

A

phacoemulsification

140
Q

surgically implanted replacement for a natural lens that has been removed

A

intraocular lens

141
Q

uses a focused beam of light to create a hole in the iris of the eye, used to treat closed-angle glaucoma

A

laser iridotomy

142
Q

used to treat open-angle glaucoma by creating opening in the trabecular meshwork to allow the fluid to drain properly

A

laser trabeculoplasty

143
Q

LASIK

A

acronym for laser assisted in situ keratomileusis. a flap is opened in the surface of the cornea and then a laser is used to change the shape of the deep corneal layer

144
Q

the use of a laser to treat some forms of wet macular degeneration by sealing leaking or damaged blood vessels

A

photocoagulation

145
Q

used to reattach the detached area in a retinal detachement

A

retinopexy

146
Q

aka outer ear, captures sound waves and transmits them into the external auditory canal

A

pinna

147
Q

transmits sound waves to the typmanic membrane

A

external auditory canal

148
Q

aka earwax

A

cerumen

149
Q

located between the outer ear and the inner ear, transmits sound across the space

A

middle ear

150
Q

aka eardrum

A

tympanic membrane

151
Q

temporal bone containing hollow air space that surrounds the middle ear

A

mastoid process

152
Q

three small bones located within the middle ear. transmit the sound waves from the eardrum to the inner ear by vibration

A

auditory ossicles

153
Q

auditory ossicles, aka hammer

A

malleus

154
Q

auditory ossicles, anvil

A

incus

155
Q

auditory ossicles, stirrup

A

stapes

156
Q

contains the sensory receptors for hearing and balance

A

inner ear

157
Q

narrow tubes that lead from the middle ear to the nasal cavity and the throat, equalize air pressure

A

eustachian tubes

158
Q

structures of the inner ear

A

labyrinth

159
Q

located under the base of the stapes, membrane that separates the middle ear from the inner ear

A

oval window

160
Q

snail shaped structure of the inner ear where sound vibrations are converted into nerve impulses

A

cochlea

161
Q

receives the vibrations from the cochlear duct and relays them to the auditory nerve fibers. transmit the sound impulses to the auditory center of the brain’s cerebral cortex

A

organ of Corti

162
Q

contain liquid endolymph and sensitive hair-like cells. bending of these cells in response to the movements of the head sets up impulses in nerve fibers to help maintain equilibrium

A

acoustic nerves

163
Q

process by which sound waves enter the ear through the pinna and then travel down the external auditory canal until they strike the tympanic membrane

A

air conduction

164
Q

occurs as the eardrum vibrates and causes the auditory ossicles of the middle ear to vibrate. transmits the sound waves through the middle ear to the oval window of the inner

A

bone conduction

165
Q

occurs when these sound vibration reach the inner ear. receive sound waves and relay them to the auditory nerve for transmission to the brain

A

sensorineural conduction

166
Q

specializes in the measurement of hearing function and the rehab of patients with hearing impairments

A

audiologist

167
Q

accumulation of earwax that forms a solid mass

A

impacted cerumen

168
Q

pain in the ear

A

otalgia

169
Q

inflammation of the ear

A

otitis

170
Q

aka swimmers ear, fungal infection of the external auditory canal

A

otomycosis

171
Q

flow of pus from the ear

A

otophyorrhea

172
Q

discharge from the ear

A

otorrhea

173
Q

pressure-related ear condition

A

barotrauma

174
Q

aka, pearly tumor, destructive epidermal cyst in the middle ear and/or mastoid process made up of epithelial cells and cholesterol

A

cholesteatoma

175
Q

inflammation of any part of the mastoid bone cells

A

mastoiditis

176
Q

contagious inflammation that causes painful blisters on the eardrum

A

infectious myringitis

177
Q

inflammation of the middle ear

A

otitis media

178
Q

ankylosis of the bones of the middle ear, resulting in a conductive hearing loss

A

otosclerosis

179
Q

inflammation of the labyrinth that can cause vertigo and deafness

A

labyrinthitis

180
Q

sense of whirling, dizziness, and loss of balance often combined with nausea and vomiting

A

vertigo

181
Q

rare chronic disorder in which the amount of fluid in the inner ear increases intermittently, producing attacks of vertigo

A

Meniere’s disease

182
Q

condition of a ringing, buzzing, or roaring sound in one or both ears

A

tinnitus

183
Q

brain tumor that develops adjacent to the cranial nerve running from the brain to the inner ear

A

acoustic neuroma

184
Q

complete or partial loss of hearing

A

deafness

185
Q

gradual loss of sensorineural hearing that occurs as the body ages

A

presbycusis

186
Q

occurs when sound waves are prevented from passing from the air to the fluid filled inner ear

A

conductive hearing loss

187
Q

aka nerve deafness, develops when the auditory nerve or hair cells are damaged

A

sensorineural hearing loss

188
Q

caused by repeated exposure to extremely loud noises

A

noise-induced hearing loss

189
Q

commonly used as the measurement of the loudness of sound

A

decibel

190
Q

measurement of the ability to hear and understand speech sounds based on their pitch and loudness

A

audiological evaluation

191
Q

use of an audiometer to measure hearing acuity

A

audiometry

192
Q

measure of sound frequency

A

hertz

193
Q

instrument used to examine the external ear canal

A

otoscope

194
Q

involves one ear testing

A

monaural testing

195
Q

testing involves one ear

A

binaural testing

196
Q

use of air pressure in the ear canal to test for disorders of the middle ear

A

tympanometry

197
Q

use a tuning fork to distinguish between conductive and sensorineural hearing loss

A

Weber and Rinne tests

198
Q

surgical repair of the pinna of the ear

A

otoplasty

199
Q

tiny ventilating tubes placed through the eardrum to provide ongoing drainage for fluids and to relieve pressure

A

ear tubes

200
Q

the surgical removal of mastoid cells

A

mastoidectomy

201
Q

small surgical incision in the eardrum to relieve pressure from excess pus or fluid

A

myringotomy

202
Q

surgical removal of the top portion of the stapes bone and the insertion of a small prosthetic device that conducts sound vibrations to the inner ear

A

stapedectomy

203
Q

surgical correction of a damaged middle ear

A

tympanoplasty

204
Q

surgical removal of all or a portion of the labyrinth

A

labyrinthectomy

205
Q

form of physical therapy designed to treat a wide variety of balance disorders

A

vestibular rehabilitation therapy

206
Q

transmits, processes, or amplifies sound, and can be used with or without a hearing aid

A

assistive listening device

207
Q

electronic device that bypasses the damaged portions of the ear and directly stimulated the auditory nerve

A

cochlear implant

208
Q

surgical procedure in which a new opening is created in the labyrinth to restore lost hearing

A

fenestration

209
Q

electronic devices worn to correct hearing loss

A

hearing aids

210
Q

AC

A

air conduction

211
Q

ALD

A

assisted listening device

212
Q

AS

A

astigmatism

213
Q

CAT

A

cataract

214
Q

CI

A

conjunctivitis

215
Q

dB

A

decibel

216
Q

EM, em

A

emmetropia

217
Q

FA, FAG

A

fluorescein angiography

218
Q

G, glc

A

glaucoma

219
Q

MD

A

macular degeneration

220
Q

RK

A

radical keratotomy

221
Q

RD

A

retinal detachment

222
Q

SLE

A

slit-lamp examination

223
Q

VA

A

visual acuity

224
Q

VF

A

visual field

225
Q

darcryocyst/o

A

Lacrimal apparatus

226
Q

Pinn/i

A

Pinna

Medical Terminoloy (13 decks)

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