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Medical Terminoloy > mod 2 chp 7 > Flashcards

mod 2 chp 7 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

alveo/o

A

alveoli

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2
Q

bronch/o

A

bronchi

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3
Q

capn/o

A

carbon dioxide

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4
Q

laryng/o

A

larynx

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5
Q

lob/o

A

lobe

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6
Q

nas/o

A

nose

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7
Q

ox/o

A

oxygen

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8
Q

phon/o

A

voice or sound

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9
Q

pleur/o

A

pleura

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10
Q

pharyng/o

A

pharynx

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11
Q

sinus/o

A

sinuses

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12
Q

thorac/o

A

chest

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13
Q

trache/o

A

trachea

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14
Q

-oxia

A

oxygen

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15
Q

-pnea

A

breathing

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16
Q

-thorax

A

chest

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17
Q

-ventilation

A

breathing

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18
Q

pneum/o

A

lung, air

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19
Q

pneu-

A

lung, air

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20
Q

somn/o

A

sleep

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21
Q

spir/o

A

to breath

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22
Q

the nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and trachea

A

upper respiratory tract

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23
Q

consists of the bronchial tree and lungs

A

lower respiratory tract

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24
Q

the wall of cartilage that divides the nose into two equal section

A

nasal septum

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25
Q

thin hairs located just inside the nostrils, filter incoming air

A

cilia

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26
Q

line the nose and other systems

A

mucous membranes

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27
Q

slippery secretion produced by the mucous membranes

A

mucus

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28
Q

nerve endings that act as the receptors for the sense of smell

A

olfactory receptors

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29
Q

air filled cavities lined with mucous membrane, are located in the bones of the skull

A

paranasal sinuses

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30
Q

located in the frontal bone just above the eyebrows. an infection here can cause severe pain

A

frontal sinuses

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31
Q

located in the sphenoid bone behind the eye and under the pituitary gland, an infection here can damage vision

A

sphenoid sinuses

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32
Q

the largest of the paranasal sinuses, located in the maxillary bones under the eyes. infection can cause pain in the posterior maxillary teeth

A

maxillary sinuses

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33
Q

located in the ethmoid bones between the nose and the eyes, are irregularly shaped air cells that are separated from the eye cavity by a thin layer of bone

A

ethmoid sinuses

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34
Q

aka throat

A

pharynx

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35
Q

the first division of the pharynx, posterior to the nasal cavity and continues downward behind the mouth

A

nasopharynx

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36
Q

the second division of the pharynx, portion visible when looking into the mouth

A

oropharynx

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37
Q

third division of the pharynx, shared by the respiratory and digestive systems

A

laryngopharynx

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38
Q

aka voice box

A

larynx

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39
Q

the lid-like structure located at the base of the tongue, swings downward and closed off the laryngopharynx so that food does not enter the trachea and lungs

A

epiglottis

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40
Q

two large tubes which branch out from the trachea and convey air into the two lungs

A

bronchi

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41
Q

primary bronchi divide into smaller

A

bronchioles

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42
Q

aka air sacs, grapelike clusters found at the end of each bronchiole

A

alveoli

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43
Q

larger lung with 3 lobes

A

right lung

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44
Q

lung has 2 lobes

A

left lung

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45
Q

the middle section of the chest cavity and is located between the lungs. contains connective tissue and organs, including the heart etc

A

mediastinum

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46
Q

a thin moist, slippery membrane that covers the outer surface of the lungs and inner surface of the thoracic cavity

A

pleura

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47
Q

the outer layer of the pleura, lines the walls of the thoracic cavity

A

parietal pleura

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48
Q

the inner layer of the pleura that covers each lung

A

visceral pleura

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49
Q

the thin fluid filled space between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes

A

pleural cavity

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50
Q

dome-shaped sheet of muscle

A

diaphragm

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51
Q

stimulate the diaphragm to contract

A

phrenic nerves

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52
Q

aka breathing, exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide

A

respiration

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53
Q

the act of taking in air as the diaphragm contracts

A

inhalation

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54
Q

breathing out as the diaphragm relaxes

A

exhalation

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55
Q

the act of bringing air in and out of the lungs

A

external respiration

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56
Q

aka cellular respiration

A

internal respiration

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57
Q

a physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and disorders of the head and neck

A

otolaryngologist or ENT

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58
Q

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system

A

pulmonologist

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59
Q

performs operations on the organs inside the thorax

A

thoracic surgeon

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60
Q

a group of lung diseases in which the bronchial airflow is obstructed, making it hard to breathe

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

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61
Q

a disease in which the airways have become inflamed due to recurrent exposure to an inhaled irritant. increased number and size of mucus-producing cells

A

chronic bronchitis

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62
Q

progressive loss of lung function with bad alveoli

A

emphysema

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63
Q

a chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes, often triggered by an allergic reaction

A

asthma

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64
Q

the swelling and clogging of the bronchial tubes with mucus

A

airway inflammation

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65
Q

a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles, tightening and squeezing the airway shut

A

bronchospasm

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66
Q

aka common cold

A

upper respiratory infections

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67
Q

aka allergy that causes and increased flow of mucous

A

allergic rhinitis

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68
Q

an acute respiratory infection in children characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords resulting in a barking cough

A

croup

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69
Q

an acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract. bacteria produce toxins that can damage the heart muscle and peripheral nerves

A

diphtheria

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70
Q

aka nose bleed

A

epistaxis

71
Q

aka whooping cough, contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract characterized by recurrent bouts of paroxysmal cough, followed by breathlessness and a noisy inspiration

A

pertussis

72
Q

aka runny nose

A

rhinorrhea

73
Q

an inflammation of the sinuses

A

sinusitis

74
Q

aka sore throat, inflammation of the pharynx

A

pharyngitis

75
Q

the sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx

A

laryngospasm

76
Q

the loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds

A

aphonia

77
Q

difficulty in speaking

A

dysphonia

78
Q

an inflammation of the larynx

A

laryngitis

79
Q

bleeding from the mucous membranes of the trachea

A

tracheorrhagia

80
Q

the permanent dilation of the bronchi, caused by chronic infection and inflammation

A

bronchiectasis

81
Q

an excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi

A

bronchorrhea

82
Q

an inflammation of the pleura

A

pleurisy

83
Q

a sharp pain that occurs when the inflamed membranes rub against each other with each inhalation

A

pleurodynia

84
Q

the excess accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. produces feeling of breathlessness because it prevents the lungs from fully expanding

A

pleural effusion

85
Q

aka empyema of the pleural cavity, presence of pus in the pleural cavity

A

pyothorax

86
Q

refers to a collection of pus in a body cavity

A

empyema

87
Q

the accumulation of air in the pleural space resulting in a pressure imbalance that causes the lung to fully or partially collapse. from a stab wound or something

A

pneumothorax

88
Q

a lung condition caused by trauma, pneumonia, smoke, inhaled vomit, or sepsis

A

acute respiratory distress syndrome

89
Q

aka collapsed lung

A

atelectasis

90
Q

accumulation of fluid in lung tissues. often a symptom of heart failure

A

pulmonary edema

91
Q

the sudden blockage of a pulmonary artery by foreign matter

A

pulmonary embolism

92
Q

bleeding from the lungs

A

pneumorrhagia

93
Q

infectious disease that attacks the lungs

A

tuberculosis

94
Q

a serious inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other fluids

A

pneumonia

95
Q

localized form of pneumonia that often affects the bronchioles

A

bronchopneumonia

96
Q

affects larger areas of the lungs (pneumonia)

A

lobar pneumonia

97
Q

pneumonia that occurs when a foreign substance is inhaled into the lungs

A

aspiration pneumonia

98
Q

pneumonia caused by bacteria, only one that can be prevented by vaccine

A

bacterial pneumonia

99
Q

a type of pneumonia that results from contagious infection outside of a hospital or clinic

A

community-acquired pneumonia

100
Q

pneumonia contracted during a stay in the hospital when a patient’s defenses are impaired

A

hospital-acquired pneumonia

101
Q

a milder but longer-lasting form of pneumonia caused by bacteria

A

walking pneumonia

102
Q

opportunistic infection caused by yeast like fungus (pneumonia)

A

pneumocystis pneumonia

103
Q

pneumonia caused by viruses

A

viral pneumonia

104
Q

refers to a group of disorders that cause inflammation and scarring of the alveoli and their supporting structures

A

interstitial lung disease

105
Q

the progressive formation of scar tissue in the lung

A

pulmonary fibrosis

106
Q

any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental contact

A

pneumoconiosis

107
Q

aka black lung disease, from coal

A

anthracosis

108
Q

caused by asbestos particles in the lungs

A

asbestosis

109
Q

caused by inhaling silica dust in the lungs

A

silicosis

110
Q

a life threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus

A

cystic fibrosis

111
Q

easy or normal breathing

A

eupnea

112
Q

temporary absence of spontaneous respiration

A

apnea

113
Q

abnormally slow rate of respiration

A

bradypnea

114
Q

an irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slower respiration or apnea

A

Cheyne-Stokes respiration

115
Q

abnormally fast rate of respiration

A

tachypnea

116
Q

aka shortness of breath, difficult of labored breathing

A

dyspnea

117
Q

commonly associated with exertion, breathing that is deeper and more rapid than normal

A

hyperpnea

118
Q

shallow or slow respiration

A

hypopnea

119
Q

an abnormally rapid rate of deep respiration which decreases the level or co2 in the blood

A

hyperventilation

120
Q

sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts

A

sleep apnea

121
Q

the act of coughing up and spitting out saliva, mucus or other body fluidsq

A

expectoration

122
Q

the expectoration of blood or blood-stained sputum derived from the lungs

A

hemoptysis

123
Q

aka choking

A

airway obstruction

124
Q

the absence of oxygen from the body’s tissues despite adequate blood flow

A

anoxia

125
Q

the condition of having deficient oxygen levels in the body’s tissues, less severe than anoxia

A

hypoxia

126
Q

the loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function

A

asphyxia

127
Q

bluish discolouration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood

A

cyanosis

128
Q

the abnormal buildup of co2 in the blood

A

hypercapnia

129
Q

the condition of having low oxygen levels in the blood, usually due to respiratory or heart conditions

A

hypoxemia

130
Q

condition in which the level of oxygen in the blood becomes dangerously low or levels of co2 become dangerously hight

A

respiratory failure

131
Q

sudden and unexplainable death of an apparently healthy sleeping infant between 2-6 months

A

sudden infant death syndrom

132
Q

the visual examination of the bronchi

A

bronchoscopy

133
Q

aka chest imaging

A

chest x-ray

134
Q

the visual examination of the larynx and vocal cords

A

laryngoscopy

135
Q

a handheld device used to let patients with asthma measure air flow

A

peak flow meter

136
Q

aka sleep study

A

polysomnography

137
Q

a group of tests that measure volume and flow of air by using a spirometer

A

pulmonary function tests

138
Q

a recording device that measures the amount of air inhaled or exhaled and the length of time ofr each breath

A

spirometer

139
Q

an external monitor placed on the patient’s fingertip to measure oxygen sat level

A

pulse oximeter

140
Q

thick mucus secreted by tissues lining the respiratory passages

A

phlegm

141
Q

phlegm ejected through the mouth

A

sputum

142
Q

the passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway

A

endotracheal intubation

143
Q

a procedure performed using an endoscope in which chronic sinusitis is treated by enlarging the opening between the nose and sinus

A

functional endoscopic sinus surgery

144
Q

the surgical removal of the larynx

A

laryngotomy

145
Q

the surgical repair or alteration of parts of the nasal septum

A

septoplasty

146
Q

the surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea to insert a breating tube

A

tracheostomy

147
Q

a procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage

A

tracheotomy

148
Q

the surgical removal of all or part of a lung

A

pneumonectomy

149
Q

the surgical removal of a lobe of an organ

A

lobectomy

150
Q

surgery in which a small wedge of cancerous lung tissue is removed along with a margin of healthy tissue

A

wedge resection

151
Q

the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity

A

thoracentesis

152
Q

a surgical incision into the chest walls to open the pleural cavity for biopsy or treatment

A

thoracotomy

153
Q

the use of thoracoscope to view inside the pleural cavity through very small incisions

A

video-assisted thoracic surgery

154
Q

aka abdominal breathing

A

diaphragmatic breathing

155
Q

noninvasive ventilation device used to treat sleep apnea

A

CPAP machine

156
Q

like a CPAP but can be set at a higher pressure for inhaling and lower pressure for exhaling

A

BiBAP machine

157
Q

aka bag valve mask, and emergency resuscitator used to assist ventiliation

A

Ambu bag

158
Q

aka respiratory, a mechanical device for artificial respiration that is used to replace or supplement the patient’s natural breathing. forces air into the lungs

A

ventilator

159
Q

administered when the patient is unable to maintain an adequate oxygen saturation level in the blood from breathing normal air

A

supplemental oxygen

160
Q

involves breathing pure oxygen in a special chamber that allows air pressure to be raised up to three times higher than normal

A

hyperbaric oxygen therapy

161
Q

ARDS

A

acute respiratory distress syndrom

162
Q

Br

A

chronic bronchitis

163
Q

CSB

A

Cheyne-Stokes breathing

164
Q

COPD

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

165
Q

CF

A

cystic fibrosis

166
Q

ETT

A

endotracheal intubation

167
Q

FESS

A

functional endoscopic sinus surgery

168
Q

HBOT

A

hyperbaric oxygen therapy

169
Q

PFT

A

pulmonary function tests

170
Q

RF

A

respiratory failure

171
Q

SIDS

A

sudden infant death syndrome

172
Q

TB

A

tuberculosis

173
Q

URI

A

upper respiratory infection

Medical Terminoloy (13 decks)

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