mod 2 chp 7 Flashcards
1
Q
alveo/o
A
alveoli
2
Q
bronch/o
A
bronchi
3
Q
capn/o
A
carbon dioxide
4
Q
laryng/o
A
larynx
5
Q
lob/o
A
lobe
6
Q
nas/o
A
nose
7
Q
ox/o
A
oxygen
8
Q
phon/o
A
voice or sound
9
Q
pleur/o
A
pleura
10
Q
pharyng/o
A
pharynx
11
Q
sinus/o
A
sinuses
12
Q
thorac/o
A
chest
13
Q
trache/o
A
trachea
14
Q
-oxia
A
oxygen
15
Q
-pnea
A
breathing
16
Q
-thorax
A
chest
17
Q
-ventilation
A
breathing
18
Q
pneum/o
A
lung, air
19
Q
pneu-
A
lung, air
20
Q
somn/o
A
sleep
21
Q
spir/o
A
to breath
22
Q
the nose, mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, larynx, and trachea
A
upper respiratory tract
23
Q
consists of the bronchial tree and lungs
A
lower respiratory tract
24
Q
the wall of cartilage that divides the nose into two equal section
A
nasal septum
25
thin hairs located just inside the nostrils, filter incoming air
cilia
26
line the nose and other systems
mucous membranes
27
slippery secretion produced by the mucous membranes
mucus
28
nerve endings that act as the receptors for the sense of smell
olfactory receptors
29
air filled cavities lined with mucous membrane, are located in the bones of the skull
paranasal sinuses
30
located in the frontal bone just above the eyebrows. an infection here can cause severe pain
frontal sinuses
31
located in the sphenoid bone behind the eye and under the pituitary gland, an infection here can damage vision
sphenoid sinuses
32
the largest of the paranasal sinuses, located in the maxillary bones under the eyes. infection can cause pain in the posterior maxillary teeth
maxillary sinuses
33
located in the ethmoid bones between the nose and the eyes, are irregularly shaped air cells that are separated from the eye cavity by a thin layer of bone
ethmoid sinuses
34
aka throat
pharynx
35
the first division of the pharynx, posterior to the nasal cavity and continues downward behind the mouth
nasopharynx
36
the second division of the pharynx, portion visible when looking into the mouth
oropharynx
37
third division of the pharynx, shared by the respiratory and digestive systems
laryngopharynx
38
aka voice box
larynx
39
the lid-like structure located at the base of the tongue, swings downward and closed off the laryngopharynx so that food does not enter the trachea and lungs
epiglottis
40
two large tubes which branch out from the trachea and convey air into the two lungs
bronchi
41
primary bronchi divide into smaller
bronchioles
42
aka air sacs, grapelike clusters found at the end of each bronchiole
alveoli
43
larger lung with 3 lobes
right lung
44
lung has 2 lobes
left lung
45
the middle section of the chest cavity and is located between the lungs. contains connective tissue and organs, including the heart etc
mediastinum
46
a thin moist, slippery membrane that covers the outer surface of the lungs and inner surface of the thoracic cavity
pleura
47
the outer layer of the pleura, lines the walls of the thoracic cavity
parietal pleura
48
the inner layer of the pleura that covers each lung
visceral pleura
49
the thin fluid filled space between the parietal and visceral pleural membranes
pleural cavity
50
dome-shaped sheet of muscle
diaphragm
51
stimulate the diaphragm to contract
phrenic nerves
52
aka breathing, exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide
respiration
53
the act of taking in air as the diaphragm contracts
inhalation
54
breathing out as the diaphragm relaxes
exhalation
55
the act of bringing air in and out of the lungs
external respiration
56
aka cellular respiration
internal respiration
57
a physician with specialized training in the diagnosis and disorders of the head and neck
otolaryngologist or ENT
58
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the respiratory system
pulmonologist
59
performs operations on the organs inside the thorax
thoracic surgeon
60
a group of lung diseases in which the bronchial airflow is obstructed, making it hard to breathe
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
61
a disease in which the airways have become inflamed due to recurrent exposure to an inhaled irritant. increased number and size of mucus-producing cells
chronic bronchitis
62
progressive loss of lung function with bad alveoli
emphysema
63
a chronic inflammatory disease of the bronchial tubes, often triggered by an allergic reaction
asthma
64
the swelling and clogging of the bronchial tubes with mucus
airway inflammation
65
a contraction of the smooth muscle in the walls of the bronchi and bronchioles, tightening and squeezing the airway shut
bronchospasm
66
aka common cold
upper respiratory infections
67
aka allergy that causes and increased flow of mucous
allergic rhinitis
68
an acute respiratory infection in children characterized by obstruction of the larynx, hoarseness, and swelling around the vocal cords resulting in a barking cough
croup
69
an acute bacterial infection of the throat and upper respiratory tract. bacteria produce toxins that can damage the heart muscle and peripheral nerves
diphtheria
70
aka nose bleed
epistaxis
71
aka whooping cough, contagious bacterial infection of the upper respiratory tract characterized by recurrent bouts of paroxysmal cough, followed by breathlessness and a noisy inspiration
pertussis
72
aka runny nose
rhinorrhea
73
an inflammation of the sinuses
sinusitis
74
aka sore throat, inflammation of the pharynx
pharyngitis
75
the sudden spasmodic closure of the larynx
laryngospasm
76
the loss of the ability of the larynx to produce normal speech sounds
aphonia
77
difficulty in speaking
dysphonia
78
an inflammation of the larynx
laryngitis
79
bleeding from the mucous membranes of the trachea
tracheorrhagia
80
the permanent dilation of the bronchi, caused by chronic infection and inflammation
bronchiectasis
81
an excessive discharge of mucus from the bronchi
bronchorrhea
82
an inflammation of the pleura
pleurisy
83
a sharp pain that occurs when the inflamed membranes rub against each other with each inhalation
pleurodynia
84
the excess accumulation of fluid in the pleural space. produces feeling of breathlessness because it prevents the lungs from fully expanding
pleural effusion
85
aka empyema of the pleural cavity, presence of pus in the pleural cavity
pyothorax
86
refers to a collection of pus in a body cavity
empyema
87
the accumulation of air in the pleural space resulting in a pressure imbalance that causes the lung to fully or partially collapse. from a stab wound or something
pneumothorax
88
a lung condition caused by trauma, pneumonia, smoke, inhaled vomit, or sepsis
acute respiratory distress syndrome
89
aka collapsed lung
atelectasis
90
accumulation of fluid in lung tissues. often a symptom of heart failure
pulmonary edema
91
the sudden blockage of a pulmonary artery by foreign matter
pulmonary embolism
92
bleeding from the lungs
pneumorrhagia
93
infectious disease that attacks the lungs
tuberculosis
94
a serious inflammation of the lungs in which the alveoli and air passages fill with pus and other fluids
pneumonia
95
localized form of pneumonia that often affects the bronchioles
bronchopneumonia
96
affects larger areas of the lungs (pneumonia)
lobar pneumonia
97
pneumonia that occurs when a foreign substance is inhaled into the lungs
aspiration pneumonia
98
pneumonia caused by bacteria, only one that can be prevented by vaccine
bacterial pneumonia
99
a type of pneumonia that results from contagious infection outside of a hospital or clinic
community-acquired pneumonia
100
pneumonia contracted during a stay in the hospital when a patient's defenses are impaired
hospital-acquired pneumonia
101
a milder but longer-lasting form of pneumonia caused by bacteria
walking pneumonia
102
opportunistic infection caused by yeast like fungus (pneumonia)
pneumocystis pneumonia
103
pneumonia caused by viruses
viral pneumonia
104
refers to a group of disorders that cause inflammation and scarring of the alveoli and their supporting structures
interstitial lung disease
105
the progressive formation of scar tissue in the lung
pulmonary fibrosis
106
any fibrosis of the lung tissues caused by dust in the lungs after prolonged environmental contact
pneumoconiosis
107
aka black lung disease, from coal
anthracosis
108
caused by asbestos particles in the lungs
asbestosis
109
caused by inhaling silica dust in the lungs
silicosis
110
a life threatening genetic disorder in which the lungs and pancreas are clogged with large quantities of abnormally thick mucus
cystic fibrosis
111
easy or normal breathing
eupnea
112
temporary absence of spontaneous respiration
apnea
113
abnormally slow rate of respiration
bradypnea
114
an irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid or shallow respiration followed by slower respiration or apnea
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
115
abnormally fast rate of respiration
tachypnea
116
aka shortness of breath, difficult of labored breathing
dyspnea
117
commonly associated with exertion, breathing that is deeper and more rapid than normal
hyperpnea
118
shallow or slow respiration
hypopnea
119
an abnormally rapid rate of deep respiration which decreases the level or co2 in the blood
hyperventilation
120
sleep disorder in which breathing repeatedly stops and starts
sleep apnea
121
the act of coughing up and spitting out saliva, mucus or other body fluidsq
expectoration
122
the expectoration of blood or blood-stained sputum derived from the lungs
hemoptysis
123
aka choking
airway obstruction
124
the absence of oxygen from the body's tissues despite adequate blood flow
anoxia
125
the condition of having deficient oxygen levels in the body's tissues, less severe than anoxia
hypoxia
126
the loss of consciousness that occurs when the body cannot get the oxygen it needs to function
asphyxia
127
bluish discolouration of the skin and mucous membranes caused by a lack of adequate oxygen in the blood
cyanosis
128
the abnormal buildup of co2 in the blood
hypercapnia
129
the condition of having low oxygen levels in the blood, usually due to respiratory or heart conditions
hypoxemia
130
condition in which the level of oxygen in the blood becomes dangerously low or levels of co2 become dangerously hight
respiratory failure
131
sudden and unexplainable death of an apparently healthy sleeping infant between 2-6 months
sudden infant death syndrom
132
the visual examination of the bronchi
bronchoscopy
133
aka chest imaging
chest x-ray
134
the visual examination of the larynx and vocal cords
laryngoscopy
135
a handheld device used to let patients with asthma measure air flow
peak flow meter
136
aka sleep study
polysomnography
137
a group of tests that measure volume and flow of air by using a spirometer
pulmonary function tests
138
a recording device that measures the amount of air inhaled or exhaled and the length of time ofr each breath
spirometer
139
an external monitor placed on the patient's fingertip to measure oxygen sat level
pulse oximeter
140
thick mucus secreted by tissues lining the respiratory passages
phlegm
141
phlegm ejected through the mouth
sputum
142
the passage of a tube through the mouth into the trachea to establish or maintain an open airway
endotracheal intubation
143
a procedure performed using an endoscope in which chronic sinusitis is treated by enlarging the opening between the nose and sinus
functional endoscopic sinus surgery
144
the surgical removal of the larynx
laryngotomy
145
the surgical repair or alteration of parts of the nasal septum
septoplasty
146
the surgical creation of a stoma into the trachea to insert a breating tube
tracheostomy
147
a procedure in which an incision is made into the trachea to gain access to the airway below a blockage
tracheotomy
148
the surgical removal of all or part of a lung
pneumonectomy
149
the surgical removal of a lobe of an organ
lobectomy
150
surgery in which a small wedge of cancerous lung tissue is removed along with a margin of healthy tissue
wedge resection
151
the surgical puncture of the chest wall with a needle to obtain fluid from the pleural cavity
thoracentesis
152
a surgical incision into the chest walls to open the pleural cavity for biopsy or treatment
thoracotomy
153
the use of thoracoscope to view inside the pleural cavity through very small incisions
video-assisted thoracic surgery
154
aka abdominal breathing
diaphragmatic breathing
155
noninvasive ventilation device used to treat sleep apnea
CPAP machine
156
like a CPAP but can be set at a higher pressure for inhaling and lower pressure for exhaling
BiBAP machine
157
aka bag valve mask, and emergency resuscitator used to assist ventiliation
Ambu bag
158
aka respiratory, a mechanical device for artificial respiration that is used to replace or supplement the patient's natural breathing. forces air into the lungs
ventilator
159
administered when the patient is unable to maintain an adequate oxygen saturation level in the blood from breathing normal air
supplemental oxygen
160
involves breathing pure oxygen in a special chamber that allows air pressure to be raised up to three times higher than normal
hyperbaric oxygen therapy
161
ARDS
acute respiratory distress syndrom
162
Br
chronic bronchitis
163
CSB
Cheyne-Stokes breathing
164
COPD
chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
165
CF
cystic fibrosis
166
ETT
endotracheal intubation
167
FESS
functional endoscopic sinus surgery
168
HBOT
hyperbaric oxygen therapy
169
PFT
pulmonary function tests
170
RF
respiratory failure
171
SIDS
sudden infant death syndrome
172
TB
tuberculosis
173
URI
upper respiratory infection
