mod 4 chp 13 Flashcards
1
Q
acr/o
A
extremities
2
Q
adren/o
A
adrenal glands
3
Q
crin/o
A
secrete
4
Q
-dipsia
A
thirst
5
Q
glyc/o
A
glucose, sugar
6
Q
gonad/o
A
gonad
7
Q
pancreat/o
A
pancrease
8
Q
parathyroid/o
A
parathyroid gland
9
Q
pineal/o
A
pineal gland
10
Q
somat/o
A
body
11
Q
thym/o
A
thymus
12
Q
thyr/o, thyroid/o
A
thyroid gland
13
Q
pea sized gland that is divided into two parts, the anterior and posterior lobes. these lobes hang from a stalk like structure located below the hypothalamus
A
pituitary gland
14
Q
stimulates the growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex
A
adrenocorticotropic hormone
15
Q
stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of a ova
A
follicle-stimulating hormone
16
Q
regulates the growth of bone, muscle and other body tissues
A
growth hormone
17
Q
stimulates ovulation in the female or secretion of testosterone
A
interstitial cell-stimulating hormone
18
Q
aka prolactin, stimulates and maintains the secretion of breast milk in the mother after childbirth
A
lactogenic hormone
19
Q
increases the production of melanin in melanocytes
A
melanocyte-stimulating hormone
20
Q
stimulates the secretion of hormones by the thyroid gland
A
thyroid-stimulating hormone
21
Q
secreted by the hypothalamus and stored and released in the pituitary gland, helps control blood pressure by reducing the amount of water that is excreted through the kidneys
A
antidiuretic hormone
22
Q
stimulates uterine contractions
A
oxytocin
23
Q
very small endocrine gland located in the central portion of the brain
A
pineal gland
24
Q
influences the sleep-walking portions of the circadian cycle
A
melatonin
25
butterfly shaped gland lies on either side of the larynx
thyroid
26
two primary thyroid hormones regulate the rate of metabolism
thyroxine, triiodothyronine
27
produced by the thyroid gland, decrease calcium levels in the blood and tissues by moving calcium into storage in the bones and teeth
calcitonin
28
four glands embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland
parathyroid glands
29
works with calcitonin to control calcium levels, produced by parathyroid, increases calcium levels
parathyroid hormone
30
located near the midline in the anterior portion of the thoracic cavity, behind the sternum and above the heart
thymus
31
plays an important part in the immune system by stimulating the maturation of lymphocytes into T cells
thymosin
32
those parts of the pancreas that have endocrine functions
panreatic islets
33
hormone secreted by alpha cells of the pancreatic islets in response to low levels of glucose
glucagon
34
hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets in response to high levels of glucose
insulin
35
aka suprarenals, located with one on top of each kidney
adrenal glands
36
mineral substances that are normally found in the blood
electrolytes
37
sex hormones secreted by the gonads the adrenal cortex and fat cells
androgens
38
the steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex
corticosteroids
39
corticosteroid that regulates the salt and water levels in the body by increasing sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion by the kidneys
aldosterone
40
corticosteroid that has an antiinflammatory action
cortisol
41
aka adrenaline
epinephrine
42
both a hormone and neurohormone, released as a hormone by the adrenal medulla
norepinephrine
43
gamete producing flands
gonads
44
the process of physical changes by which a child's body becomes capable before reproducing
puberty
45
hormone secreted by the ovaries that is important in the development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics
estrogen
46
hormone released during the second half of the menstual cycle by the corpus luteum in the ovary
progesterone
47
reproductive cell
gamete
48
any hormone that stimulates the gonads
gonadotropin
49
sex hormones, primarily testosterone, secreted by the gonads, the adrenal cortex, and fat cells
androgens
50
steroid hormones secreted by the testicles and the adrenal cortex to stimulate the development of male secondary sex characteristics
testosterone
51
large family of hormone like substances that share the same fat soluble chemical structure
steroids
52
man-made substances that are chemically related to male sex-hormones, used to replace muscle mass
anabolic steroids
53
protein hormone secreted by fat cells that is involved in the regulation of appetite
leptin
54
produced and released by neurons in the brain, rather than by the endocrine glands, and delivered to organs and tissues through the bloodstream
neurohormones
55
physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and malfunctions of the endocrine glands
endocrinologist
56
health care professional qualified to teach people with diabetes how to manage their disease
certified diabetes educator
57
rare chronic disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of the exterminites
acromegaly
58
abnormal growth of the entire body that is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone before puberty
gigantism
59
excess secretion of growth hormone that causes acromegaly and gigantism
hyperpituitarism
60
aka dwarfism
short stature
61
aka pituitary tumor
pituitary adenoma
62
condition in which an excess of prolactin causes the breasts to produce milk spontaneously
galactorrhea
63
benign tumor of the pituitary gland
prolactinoma
64
caused by an insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone
diabetes insipidus
65
caused by the overproduction of the antidiuretic hormone, often a result of cancer or its treatment
syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
66
tumor of the pineal gland that can disrupt the production of melatonin
pinealoma
67
most common cancer of the endocrine system
thyroid carcinoma
68
aka chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, autoimmune disease in which the body's own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland
Mashimoto's disease
69
aka underactive thyroid
hypothyroidism
70
congenital form of hypothyroidism, causes arrested physical and mental development
cretinism
71
aka adult hypothyroidism
myxedema
72
relatively rare, life-threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism
thyroid storm
73
aka thyrotoxicosis, overproduction of thyroid hormones
hyperthyroidism
74
disorder of unknown cause in which the immune system attacks the thyroid gland and stimulates it to make excessive amounts of thyroid hormone
Graves' disease
75
aka thyromegaly, abnormal nonmalignant enlargement of the thyroid gland
goiter
76
abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit
exophthalmos
77
overproduction of the parathyroid hormone, causes the condition known as hypercalcemia
hyperparathyroidism
78
characterized by abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulating in the blood instead of being stored in the bones and teeth
hypercalcemia
79
caused by an insufficient or absent secretion of the parathyroid hormone
hypoparathyroidism
80
characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood
hypocalcemia
81
inflammation of the thymus gland
thymitis
82
benign tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia by secreting additional insulin
insulinoma
83
inflammation of the pancreas
pancreatitis
84
abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood
hyperglycemia
85
excessive thirst
polydipsia
86
excessive hunger
polyphagia
87
excessive urination
polyuria
88
condition of excessive secretion of insulin in the bloodstream
hyperinsulinism
89
abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood
hypoglycemia
90
group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion
diabetes mellitus
91
autoimmune insulin deficiency disorder caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells
type 1 diabetes
92
insulin resistance disorder
type 2 diabetes
93
condition in which the blood sugar level is higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes
prediabetes
94
type 1.5 diabetes, condition where type 1 diabetes develops in adults
latent autoimmune diabetes in adults
95
form of diabetes meilltus that occurs during some pregnancies
gestational diabetes mellitus
96
caused by very high blood surgar
diabetic coma
97
caused by very low blood sugar
insulin shock
98
occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina
diabetic retinopathy
99
occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone
Addison's disease
100
inflammation of the adrenal glands
adrenalitis
101
an abnormality of the electrolyte balance that is caused by the excessive secretion of aldosterone
aldosteronism
102
disorder of the adrenal glands that is caused by the excessive production of aldosterone
Conn's syndrome
103
rare, benign tumor of the adrenal gland that causes too much release of epinephrine and norepinephrine
pheochromocytoma
104
aka hypercortisotism, caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol
cushing's syndrome
105
condition of excessive secretion of hormones by the sex glands
hypergonadism
106
deficient secretion of hormones by the sex glands
hypogonadism
107
condition of excessive mammary development in the male
gynecomastia
108
uses radioactive iodine administered orally to measure thyroid function
radioactive iodine uptake test
109
diagnostic test to measure the circulating blood level of thyroid stimulating hormone
thyroid-stimulating hormone assay
110
measures thyroid function, is a form of nuclear medicine
thyroid scan
111
measures the glucose levels after the patient has not eaten for 8-12 hours
fasting blood test
112
performed to confirm a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and to aid in diagnosing hypoglycemia
oral glucose tolerance test
113
measures the current blood sugar level. requires a drop of blod
home blood glucose monitoring
114
measures average glucose levels over the previous 3 weeks
fructosamine test
115
synthetic version of growth hormone
human growth hormone
116
removal of abnormal glandular tissue performed through the nasal passages
hypophysectomy
117
surgical removal of the pineal gland
pinealectomy
118
a medication administered to slow the ability of the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones
antithyroid drug
119
oral administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells
radioactive iodine treatment
120
surgical removal of one lobe of the thyroid gland
lobectomy
121
administered to replace lost thyroid function
synthetic thyroid hormones
122
surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands
parathyroidectomy
123
the surgical removal of all or part of the pancreas
pancreatectomy
124
minimally invasive surgical procedure to remove one or both adrenal glands
laparoscopic adrenalectomy
125
aka hydrocortisone, synthetic equivalent of corticosteroids produced by the body, administered to suppress inflammation and as an immunosuppressant
cortisone
126
ALD
aldosterone
127
ADH
antidiuretic hormone
128
DI
diabetes insipidus
129
DM
diabetes mellitus
130
Epi, EPI
epinephrine
131
FBS
fasting blood sugar
132
FA
fructosamine test
133
GD
Graves' disease
134
HG
hypoglycemia
135
LADA
latent autoimmune diabetes
136
LEP, LPT
leptin
137
TSH
thyroid stimulating hormone
