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Medical Terminoloy > mod 4 chp 13 > Flashcards

mod 4 chp 13 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

acr/o

A

extremities

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2
Q

adren/o

A

adrenal glands

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3
Q

crin/o

A

secrete

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4
Q

-dipsia

A

thirst

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5
Q

glyc/o

A

glucose, sugar

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6
Q

gonad/o

A

gonad

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7
Q

pancreat/o

A

pancrease

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8
Q

parathyroid/o

A

parathyroid gland

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9
Q

pineal/o

A

pineal gland

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10
Q

somat/o

A

body

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11
Q

thym/o

A

thymus

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12
Q

thyr/o, thyroid/o

A

thyroid gland

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13
Q

pea sized gland that is divided into two parts, the anterior and posterior lobes. these lobes hang from a stalk like structure located below the hypothalamus

A

pituitary gland

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14
Q

stimulates the growth and secretions of the adrenal cortex

A

adrenocorticotropic hormone

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15
Q

stimulates the secretion of estrogen and the growth of a ova

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

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16
Q

regulates the growth of bone, muscle and other body tissues

A

growth hormone

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17
Q

stimulates ovulation in the female or secretion of testosterone

A

interstitial cell-stimulating hormone

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18
Q

aka prolactin, stimulates and maintains the secretion of breast milk in the mother after childbirth

A

lactogenic hormone

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19
Q

increases the production of melanin in melanocytes

A

melanocyte-stimulating hormone

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20
Q

stimulates the secretion of hormones by the thyroid gland

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone

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21
Q

secreted by the hypothalamus and stored and released in the pituitary gland, helps control blood pressure by reducing the amount of water that is excreted through the kidneys

A

antidiuretic hormone

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22
Q

stimulates uterine contractions

A

oxytocin

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23
Q

very small endocrine gland located in the central portion of the brain

A

pineal gland

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24
Q

influences the sleep-walking portions of the circadian cycle

A

melatonin

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25
Q

butterfly shaped gland lies on either side of the larynx

A

thyroid

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26
Q

two primary thyroid hormones regulate the rate of metabolism

A

thyroxine, triiodothyronine

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27
Q

produced by the thyroid gland, decrease calcium levels in the blood and tissues by moving calcium into storage in the bones and teeth

A

calcitonin

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28
Q

four glands embedded in the posterior surface of the thyroid gland

A

parathyroid glands

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29
Q

works with calcitonin to control calcium levels, produced by parathyroid, increases calcium levels

A

parathyroid hormone

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30
Q

located near the midline in the anterior portion of the thoracic cavity, behind the sternum and above the heart

A

thymus

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31
Q

plays an important part in the immune system by stimulating the maturation of lymphocytes into T cells

A

thymosin

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32
Q

those parts of the pancreas that have endocrine functions

A

panreatic islets

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33
Q

hormone secreted by alpha cells of the pancreatic islets in response to low levels of glucose

A

glucagon

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34
Q

hormone secreted by the beta cells of the pancreatic islets in response to high levels of glucose

A

insulin

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35
Q

aka suprarenals, located with one on top of each kidney

A

adrenal glands

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36
Q

mineral substances that are normally found in the blood

A

electrolytes

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37
Q

sex hormones secreted by the gonads the adrenal cortex and fat cells

A

androgens

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38
Q

the steroid hormones produced by the adrenal cortex

A

corticosteroids

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39
Q

corticosteroid that regulates the salt and water levels in the body by increasing sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion by the kidneys

A

aldosterone

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40
Q

corticosteroid that has an antiinflammatory action

A

cortisol

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41
Q

aka adrenaline

A

epinephrine

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42
Q

both a hormone and neurohormone, released as a hormone by the adrenal medulla

A

norepinephrine

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43
Q

gamete producing flands

A

gonads

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44
Q

the process of physical changes by which a child’s body becomes capable before reproducing

A

puberty

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45
Q

hormone secreted by the ovaries that is important in the development and maintenance of the female secondary sex characteristics

A

estrogen

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46
Q

hormone released during the second half of the menstual cycle by the corpus luteum in the ovary

A

progesterone

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47
Q

reproductive cell

A

gamete

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48
Q

any hormone that stimulates the gonads

A

gonadotropin

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49
Q

sex hormones, primarily testosterone, secreted by the gonads, the adrenal cortex, and fat cells

A

androgens

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50
Q

steroid hormones secreted by the testicles and the adrenal cortex to stimulate the development of male secondary sex characteristics

A

testosterone

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51
Q

large family of hormone like substances that share the same fat soluble chemical structure

A

steroids

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52
Q

man-made substances that are chemically related to male sex-hormones, used to replace muscle mass

A

anabolic steroids

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53
Q

protein hormone secreted by fat cells that is involved in the regulation of appetite

A

leptin

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54
Q

produced and released by neurons in the brain, rather than by the endocrine glands, and delivered to organs and tissues through the bloodstream

A

neurohormones

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55
Q

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and malfunctions of the endocrine glands

A

endocrinologist

56
Q

health care professional qualified to teach people with diabetes how to manage their disease

A

certified diabetes educator

57
Q

rare chronic disease characterized by abnormal enlargement of the exterminites

A

acromegaly

58
Q

abnormal growth of the entire body that is caused by excessive secretion of growth hormone before puberty

A

gigantism

59
Q

excess secretion of growth hormone that causes acromegaly and gigantism

A

hyperpituitarism

60
Q

aka dwarfism

A

short stature

61
Q

aka pituitary tumor

A

pituitary adenoma

62
Q

condition in which an excess of prolactin causes the breasts to produce milk spontaneously

A

galactorrhea

63
Q

benign tumor of the pituitary gland

A

prolactinoma

64
Q

caused by an insufficient production of the antidiuretic hormone

A

diabetes insipidus

65
Q

caused by the overproduction of the antidiuretic hormone, often a result of cancer or its treatment

A

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone

66
Q

tumor of the pineal gland that can disrupt the production of melatonin

A

pinealoma

67
Q

most common cancer of the endocrine system

A

thyroid carcinoma

68
Q

aka chronic lymphocytic thyroiditis, autoimmune disease in which the body’s own antibodies attack and destroy the cells of the thyroid gland

A

Mashimoto’s disease

69
Q

aka underactive thyroid

A

hypothyroidism

70
Q

congenital form of hypothyroidism, causes arrested physical and mental development

A

cretinism

71
Q

aka adult hypothyroidism

A

myxedema

72
Q

relatively rare, life-threatening condition caused by exaggerated hyperthyroidism

A

thyroid storm

73
Q

aka thyrotoxicosis, overproduction of thyroid hormones

A

hyperthyroidism

74
Q

disorder of unknown cause in which the immune system attacks the thyroid gland and stimulates it to make excessive amounts of thyroid hormone

A

Graves’ disease

75
Q

aka thyromegaly, abnormal nonmalignant enlargement of the thyroid gland

A

goiter

76
Q

abnormal protrusion of the eyeball out of the orbit

A

exophthalmos

77
Q

overproduction of the parathyroid hormone, causes the condition known as hypercalcemia

A

hyperparathyroidism

78
Q

characterized by abnormally high concentrations of calcium circulating in the blood instead of being stored in the bones and teeth

A

hypercalcemia

79
Q

caused by an insufficient or absent secretion of the parathyroid hormone

A

hypoparathyroidism

80
Q

characterized by abnormally low levels of calcium in the blood

A

hypocalcemia

81
Q

inflammation of the thymus gland

A

thymitis

82
Q

benign tumor of the pancreas that causes hypoglycemia by secreting additional insulin

A

insulinoma

83
Q

inflammation of the pancreas

A

pancreatitis

84
Q

abnormally high concentration of glucose in the blood

A

hyperglycemia

85
Q

excessive thirst

A

polydipsia

86
Q

excessive hunger

A

polyphagia

87
Q

excessive urination

A

polyuria

88
Q

condition of excessive secretion of insulin in the bloodstream

A

hyperinsulinism

89
Q

abnormally low concentration of glucose in the blood

A

hypoglycemia

90
Q

group of metabolic disorders characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defects in insulin secretion

A

diabetes mellitus

91
Q

autoimmune insulin deficiency disorder caused by the destruction of pancreatic islet beta cells

A

type 1 diabetes

92
Q

insulin resistance disorder

A

type 2 diabetes

93
Q

condition in which the blood sugar level is higher than normal but not high enough to be classified as type 2 diabetes

A

prediabetes

94
Q

type 1.5 diabetes, condition where type 1 diabetes develops in adults

A

latent autoimmune diabetes in adults

95
Q

form of diabetes meilltus that occurs during some pregnancies

A

gestational diabetes mellitus

96
Q

caused by very high blood surgar

A

diabetic coma

97
Q

caused by very low blood sugar

A

insulin shock

98
Q

occurs when diabetes damages the tiny blood vessels in the retina

A

diabetic retinopathy

99
Q

occurs when the adrenal glands do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol or aldosterone

A

Addison’s disease

100
Q

inflammation of the adrenal glands

A

adrenalitis

101
Q

an abnormality of the electrolyte balance that is caused by the excessive secretion of aldosterone

A

aldosteronism

102
Q

disorder of the adrenal glands that is caused by the excessive production of aldosterone

A

Conn’s syndrome

103
Q

rare, benign tumor of the adrenal gland that causes too much release of epinephrine and norepinephrine

A

pheochromocytoma

104
Q

aka hypercortisotism, caused by prolonged exposure to high levels of cortisol

A

cushing’s syndrome

105
Q

condition of excessive secretion of hormones by the sex glands

A

hypergonadism

106
Q

deficient secretion of hormones by the sex glands

A

hypogonadism

107
Q

condition of excessive mammary development in the male

A

gynecomastia

108
Q

uses radioactive iodine administered orally to measure thyroid function

A

radioactive iodine uptake test

109
Q

diagnostic test to measure the circulating blood level of thyroid stimulating hormone

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone assay

110
Q

measures thyroid function, is a form of nuclear medicine

A

thyroid scan

111
Q

measures the glucose levels after the patient has not eaten for 8-12 hours

A

fasting blood test

112
Q

performed to confirm a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus and to aid in diagnosing hypoglycemia

A

oral glucose tolerance test

113
Q

measures the current blood sugar level. requires a drop of blod

A

home blood glucose monitoring

114
Q

measures average glucose levels over the previous 3 weeks

A

fructosamine test

115
Q

synthetic version of growth hormone

A

human growth hormone

116
Q

removal of abnormal glandular tissue performed through the nasal passages

A

hypophysectomy

117
Q

surgical removal of the pineal gland

A

pinealectomy

118
Q

a medication administered to slow the ability of the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones

A

antithyroid drug

119
Q

oral administration of radioactive iodine to destroy thyroid cells

A

radioactive iodine treatment

120
Q

surgical removal of one lobe of the thyroid gland

A

lobectomy

121
Q

administered to replace lost thyroid function

A

synthetic thyroid hormones

122
Q

surgical removal of one or more of the parathyroid glands

A

parathyroidectomy

123
Q

the surgical removal of all or part of the pancreas

A

pancreatectomy

124
Q

minimally invasive surgical procedure to remove one or both adrenal glands

A

laparoscopic adrenalectomy

125
Q

aka hydrocortisone, synthetic equivalent of corticosteroids produced by the body, administered to suppress inflammation and as an immunosuppressant

A

cortisone

126
Q

ALD

A

aldosterone

127
Q

ADH

A

antidiuretic hormone

128
Q

DI

A

diabetes insipidus

129
Q

DM

A

diabetes mellitus

130
Q

Epi, EPI

A

epinephrine

131
Q

FBS

A

fasting blood sugar

132
Q

FA

A

fructosamine test

133
Q

GD

A

Graves’ disease

134
Q

HG

A

hypoglycemia

135
Q

LADA

A

latent autoimmune diabetes

136
Q

LEP, LPT

A

leptin

137
Q

TSH

A

thyroid stimulating hormone

Medical Terminoloy (13 decks)

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