mod 3 chp 10 Flashcards
1
Q
caus/o
A
burning, burn
2
Q
cerebr/o
A
cerebrum, brain
3
Q
concuss/o
A
shaken together,
4
Q
contus/o
A
bruise
5
Q
encephal/o
A
brain
6
Q
-ethesia
A
sensation, feeling
7
Q
esthet/o
A
feeling, nervous sensation, sense of perception
8
Q
mening/o
A
meninges
9
Q
phobia
A
abnormal fear
10
Q
psych/o
A
mind
11
Q
radicul/o
A
root or nerve root
12
Q
tropic
A
having an affinity for
13
Q
includes the brain and spinal cord
A
central nervous system
14
Q
includes the 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of peripheral spinal nerves
A
peripheral nervous system
15
Q
one or more bundles of neurons that connect the brain and the spinal cord with other parts of the body
A
nerve
16
Q
a bundle or group of nerve fibers located within the brain or spinal cord
A
tract
17
Q
a nerve center made up of a cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system
A
ganglion
18
Q
supply of nerves to a specific body part
A
innervation
19
Q
network of intersecting spinal nerves
A
plexus
20
Q
sites in the sensory organs that receive external stimulation
A
receptors
21
Q
anything that excites a nerve and causes an impulse
A
stimulus
22
Q
an automatic, involuntary response to some change
A
reflex
23
Q
aka sensory neurons
A
afferent neurons
24
Q
aka associative neurons
A
connecting neurons
25
aka motor neuronsq
efferent neurons
26
basic cells of the nervous system
neurons
27
the root-like processes that receive impulses and conduct them to the cell body
dendrites
28
process that conducts impulses away from the nerve cell
axon
29
branching fibers at the end of the axon that lead the nervous impulse from the axon to the synapse
terminal end fibers
30
the space between two neurons or between a neuron and a receptor organ
synapse
31
chemical substances that make it possible for messages to cross from the synapse of a neuron to the target receptor
neurotransmitters
32
provide support and protection for neurons
glial cells
33
the protective covering made of glial cells
myelin sheath
34
the system of membranes that enclose the brain and spinal cord
meinges
35
the thick, though, outermost membrane of the meninges
dura mater
36
resembles a spiderweb, the second layer of the meninges
arachnoid membrane
37
third layer of the meninges, located nearest the brain
pia mater
38
produced by special capillarries within the four ventricles. clear, colourless watery fluid that flows throughout the brain and around the spinal cord
cerebrospinal fluid
39
largest and uppermost portion of the brain
cerebrum
40
means pertaining to the cerebrum or brain
cerebral
41
made of gray matter, outer layer of the cerebrum
cerebral cortex
42
located below the cerebrum, relays sensory stimuli from the spinal cord and midbrain to the cerebral cortex
thalamus
43
located below the thalamus, controls vital body functions
hypothalamus
44
located in the lower back of the cranium below the cerebrum, controls balance, etc
cerebellum
45
located in the base of the brain and forms the connection between the brain and spinal cord
brainstem
46
cerebral hemispheres subdivided to create pairs of
cerebral lobes
47
provide conduction pathways to and from the higher and lower centers in the brain, also control reflexes for movements the eyes and head (2 structures)
midbrain and pos
48
located at the lowest part of the brainstem, is connected to the spinal cord. controls basic survival functions
medulla oblongata
49
long, tube-like structure that begins at the end of the brainstem and continues down to the bottom of the spinal column
spinal cord
50
12 pairs of nerve that originate from the undersurface of the brain
cranial nerves
51
31 pairs of peripheral nerves
peripheral spinal nerves
52
organized into two divisions, sympathetic and parasympathetic
autonomic nervous system
53
prepare the body for emergencies and stress
sympathetic nerves
54
return the body to normal after a response to stress
parasympathetic nerves
55
a physician who specializes in administering anesthetic agents
anesthesiologist
56
medical professional who specializes in administering anesthesia but is not a physician
anesthetist
57
physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases of the nervous system
neurologist
58
physician who specializes in surgery of the nervous system
neurologist
59
physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating chemical dependencies, emotional problems, and mental illness
psychiatrist
60
not an MD, evaluates and treats emotional problems and mental illness
psychologist
61
aka headache
cephalalgia
62
characterized by throbbing pain on one side of the head, sometimes accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light
migraine headache
63
intensely painful headaches that affect one side of the head and may be associated with tearing of the eyes and nasal congestion
cluster headaches
64
aka craniocele, congenital herniation of brain tissue through a gap in the skull
encephalocele
65
congenital herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column
meningocele
66
condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the ventricles
hydrocephalus
67
common, slow-growing usually benign tumor of the meninges
meningioma
68
inflammation of the menenges brain and spinal cord
meningitis
69
describes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory
cognition
70
slowly progressive decline in mental abilities
dementia
71
form of dementia caused by a stroke or other restrictions of the flow of blood to the brain
vascular dementia
72
an inflammation of the brain
encephalitis
73
potentially serious disorder in children that is characterized by vomiting and confusion
Reye's syndrome
74
aka lockjaw, infection of the central nervous system caused by a toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria
tetanus
75
complex neurological disorder characterized by involuntary tics
Tourette syndrome
76
umbrella term or disorders in which there is a progressive loss of the structure or function of the neurons
neurodegenerative disease
77
group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language
Alzheimer's disease
78
chronic, degenerative central nervous disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, rigidity and slow gait
Parkinson's disease
79
memory disturbance characterized by total or partial inability to recall past experiences
amnesia
80
violent shaking up or jarring of the brain
concussion
81
bruising of brain tissue as the result of a head injury that causes the brain to bounce against the rigid bone of the skull
cerebral contussion
82
collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain
cranial hematoma
83
blow to the head or a penetrating head injury that damages the brain
traumatic brain injury
84
describes the results of child being violently shaken by someone
shaken baby syndrome
85
describes the measurement of response to arousal and stimulus
levels of consciousness
86
state of being awake and alert
conscious
87
state of being unaware and unable to respond
unconscious
88
lowered level of consciousness marked by listlessness, drowsiness and apathy
lethargy
89
unresponsive state from which a person can be aroused only briefly despite repeated attempts
stupor
90
aka fainting
syncope
91
deep state of unconsciousness
coma
92
type of coma in which the patient exhibits alternating sleep and wake cycles
persistent vegetative state
93
acute condition of confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, etc
delirium
94
abnormal growth located inside the skull
brain tumor
95
amount of pressure inside the skull
intracranial pressure
96
aka stroke
cerebrovascular accident
97
occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked by the narrowing or blockage of a carotid artery
ischemic stroke
98
aka mini-stroke, temporary interruption in the blood supply to the brain
transient ischemic stroke
99
loss of the ability to speak, write or comprehend words
aphasia
100
occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks, damaging the brain
hemorrhagic stroke
101
abnormal connection between the arteries and veins in the brain, usually congenital and can rupture suddenly
arteriovenous malformation
102
prolonged or abnormal inability to sleep
insomnia
103
sleep disorder consisting of sudden and uncontrollable brief episodes of falling asleep during the day
narcolepsy
104
sufficient lack of restorative sleep over a cumulative period so as to cause problems
sleep deprivation
105
aka sleepwalking
somnambulism
106
inflammation of the spinal cord
myelitis
107
tumor of the spinal cord
myelosis
108
highly contagious viral infection of the brainstem and spinal cord that sometimes leads to paralysis. can be prevented though vaccination
poliomyelitis
109
aka pinched nerve, inflammation of the root of a spinal nerve that causes pain and numbness
radiculitis
110
nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region
cervical radiculopathy
111
nerve pain in the lower back caused by muscle spasms or nerve root irritation from the compression of vertebral disks
lumbar radiculopathy
112
progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation that causes demyelination of the myelin sheath
multiple sclerosis
113
aka Lou Gehrig's disease, rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
114
temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve that causes paralysis only of the affected side of the face
Bell's palsy
115
aka infection polyneuritis, an inflammation of the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves, characterized by rapidly worsening muscle weakness that can lead to temporary paralysis
Guillain-Barre syndrome
116
inflammation of a nerve accompanied by pain and sometimes loss of fuction
neuritis
117
inflammation of the sciatic nerve that results in pain, burning, and tingling along the course of the nerve
sciatica
118
characterized by severe lightning-like pain due to an inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve. affects the cheek, lips, and gums on one side of the face
trigeminal neuralgia
119
condition characterized by poor muscle control, spasticity, speech defects, and other neurologic deficiencies
cerebral palsy
120
chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of seizures
epilepsy
121
a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain that affects how a person feels or acts for a short time
seizure
122
aka grand mal seizure, involves the entire body
tonic-clonic seizure
123
aka petit mal seizure, brief disturbance in brain function in which there is loss of awareness
absence seizure
124
persistent, severe burning pain that usually follows an injury to the sensory nerve
causalgia
125
abnormal and excessive sensitivity to touch or other sensory stimuli
hyperesthesia
126
burning or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet. drugs
paresthesia
127
disorder of the peripheral nerves that carry information to and from the brain and spinal cord
peripheral neuropathy
128
neurological disorder characterized by uncomfortable feelings in the legs, producing a strong urge to move them
restless leg syndrom
129
detects changes in blood flow in the brain when the patient is asked to perform a specific task
functional MRI
130
ultrasound study of the carotid artery
carotid ultrasonography
131
the use of ultrasound imaging to create a detailed visual image of the brain for diagnositc purposes
echoencephalography
132
process of recording the electrical activity of the brain through the use of electrodes attached to the scalp
electroencephalography
133
radiographic study of the spinal cord after the injection of a contrast medium through a lumbar pucture
myelography
134
aka spinal tap, process of obtaining a sample of spinal fluid by inserting a needle into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar region
lumbar puncture
135
depresses the central nervous system and usually produces sleep
hypnotic
136
adminestered to prevent seizures such as those associated with epilepsy
anticonvulsant
137
class of drugs who major action is the calming or depressing effect on the central nervous system
barbiturates
138
medication used to induce anesthesia
anesthetic
139
absence of normal sensation
anesthesia
140
regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the epidural space of the lumbar or sacral region of the spine
epidural anesthesia
141
regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the subarachnoid space
spinal anesthesia
142
neurosurgical procedure used in the treatment of dystonia, tremors, and Parkinson's disease. a device to stimulate the brain with mild electrical signals is implanted near the collar bone
deep brain stimulation
143
type of radiation treatment for brain tumors performed without a knife or incision
gamma knife surgery
144
aka electroshock therapy, small amounts of electric current are passed through the brain, deliberately triggering a brief seizure
electroconvulsive therapy
145
exposure to daylight to counteract seasonal affective disorder
light therapy
146
surgical removal of a portion of the brain
lobectomy
147
surgical incision into the thalamus
thalamotomy
148
surgical repair of a nerve or nerves
neuroplasty
149
suturing together the ends of a severed nerve
neurorrhaphy
150
surgical division or dissection of a nerve
neurotomy
151
mental conditions characterized by excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations or fear that is out of proportion to the situation
anxiety disorders
152
characterized by chronic, excessive worrying
generalized anxiety disorder
153
characterized by recurrent obsessions and/or compulsions
obsessive-compulsive disorder
154
characterized by a fear of panic attacks
panic disorder
155
unexpected, sudden experience or fear in the absence of danger, accompanied by physical symptoms
panic attack
156
may develop after an event involving actual or threatened death or injury to the individual or someone else
post-traumatic stress disorder
157
persistent irrational fear of a specific thing or situation
phobia
158
excessive fear of heights
acrophobia
159
excessive fear of environments where the person fears a panic attack may occur
agoraphobia
160
abnormal fear of being in small or enclosed spaces
claustrophobia
161
an excessive fear of social situations
social phobia
162
characterized by a short attention span and impulsive behaviour that is inappropriate for the child's age
attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder
163
learning disability characterized by substandard reading due to the inability of the brain to process symbols
dyslexia
164
disorders found in children of normal intelligence who have difficulties learning specific skills such as processing language
learning disabilities
165
diagnosing of significant below-average intellectual and adaptive functioning present from birth
mental retardation/intellectual disability
166
describes a group of conditions in which a young child has difficulty developing normal social relationships
autistic spectrum disorders
167
a subgroup, children have developmental delays, including speech and language, have very minimal verbal skills and lack normal social relationships
autism
168
occur when normal thought is separated from consciousness
dissociative disorders
169
aka multiple personality disorder
dissociative identity disorder
170
a condition in which an individual acts as if he or she has a physical or mental illness when he or she is not really sick
factitious disorder
171
factitious disorder by proxy
a form of child abuse, mentally ill parent will falsify an illness in a child
172
group of psychiatric disorders characterized by a failure to resist and impulse despite potential negative consequences
impulse control disorders
173
condition characterized by cycles of severe mood changes
bipolar disorder
174
includes abnormally elevated mood state
manic behaviour
175
characterized by lethargy and sadness
depression
176
low-grade chronic depression with milder symptoms
dysthymia
177
seeasonal bout of depression associated with the decrease in hours of daylight
seasonal effective disorder
178
chronic pattern of inner experience and behavior that causes serious problems with relationships and work
personality disorder
179
characterized by loss of contact with reality and deterioration of normal social function
psychotic disorder
180
marked by a lack of responsiveness, stupor, and tendency to remain in a fixed posture
catatonic behaviour
181
false personal belief that is maintained despite obvious proof or evidence
delusion
182
a sensory perception experienced in the absence of external stimuli
hallucination
183
psychotic disorder characterized from withdrawal from reality, delusions, etc
schizophrenia
184
characterized by physical complaints or concerns about one's body that are out of proportion to any physical findings
somatofrom disorder
185
characterized by serious or temporary ongoing changes in function, such as paralysis or blindness, that are triggered by psychological factors
conversion disorder
186
fearing that one has a serious illness despite reassurance
hypochondriasis
187
intentional creation of false or exaggerated problems. motivated by incentives such as avoiding work
malingering
188
addictive use of tobacco, alcohol, meds, etc
substance abuse
189
chronic alcohol dependence with specific signs and symptoms upon withdrawal
alcoholism
190
disorder involving sudden and severe mental changes or seizures caused by abruptly stopping the use of alcohol
delirium tremens
191
excessive use of illegal or recreational drugs
drug abuse
192
accidental or intentional use of an illegal drug or prescription in high amount
drug overdose
193
acts primarily on the central nervous system, produces temporary changes affecting the mind, emotions, and behaviour. used as medication to control pain etc
psychotropic drug
194
administered to prevent or relieve depression
antidepressant
195
administered to treat symptoms of severe disorders of thinking and mood that are associated with neurological and psychiatric illnesses
antipsychotic drug
196
aka antiaxiety drug
anxiolytic drug
197
used to treat mood instability and bipolar disorders
mood-stabiizing drugs
198
increasing activity in certain areas of the brain to increase concentration and wakefulness
stimulant
199
based on the idea that mental disorders have underlying causes stemming from childhood and can only be overcome by gaining insight into one's feelings and patterns of behaviour
psychoanalyis
200
focuses on changing behaviour by identifying problem behaviours, replacing them with appropriate behaviours
behavioral therapy
201
focuses on changing cognitions or thoughts that are affecting a person's emotions and actions
cognitive therapy
202
use of hypnosis to produce an altered state of focused attention
hypnotherapy
203
AD
Alzheimer's disease
204
ALS
amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
205
CP
cerebral palsy
206
CSF
cerebral spinal fluid
207
EEG
electroencephalography
208
ICP
intracranial pressure
209
LOC
loss of consciousness
210
LP
lumbar puncture
211
MS
multiple sclerosis
212
Sz
seizure
213
TIA
transient ischemic attack
