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Medical Terminoloy > mod 3 chp 10 > Flashcards

mod 3 chp 10 Flashcards

1
Q

caus/o

A

burning, burn

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2
Q

cerebr/o

A

cerebrum, brain

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3
Q

concuss/o

A

shaken together,

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4
Q

contus/o

A

bruise

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5
Q

encephal/o

A

brain

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6
Q

-ethesia

A

sensation, feeling

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7
Q

esthet/o

A

feeling, nervous sensation, sense of perception

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8
Q

mening/o

A

meninges

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9
Q

phobia

A

abnormal fear

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10
Q

psych/o

A

mind

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11
Q

radicul/o

A

root or nerve root

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12
Q

tropic

A

having an affinity for

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13
Q

includes the brain and spinal cord

A

central nervous system

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14
Q

includes the 12 pairs of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of peripheral spinal nerves

A

peripheral nervous system

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15
Q

one or more bundles of neurons that connect the brain and the spinal cord with other parts of the body

A

nerve

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16
Q

a bundle or group of nerve fibers located within the brain or spinal cord

A

tract

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17
Q

a nerve center made up of a cluster of nerve cell bodies outside the central nervous system

A

ganglion

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18
Q

supply of nerves to a specific body part

A

innervation

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19
Q

network of intersecting spinal nerves

A

plexus

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20
Q

sites in the sensory organs that receive external stimulation

A

receptors

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21
Q

anything that excites a nerve and causes an impulse

A

stimulus

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22
Q

an automatic, involuntary response to some change

A

reflex

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23
Q

aka sensory neurons

A

afferent neurons

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24
Q

aka associative neurons

A

connecting neurons

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25
Q

aka motor neuronsq

A

efferent neurons

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26
Q

basic cells of the nervous system

A

neurons

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27
Q

the root-like processes that receive impulses and conduct them to the cell body

A

dendrites

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28
Q

process that conducts impulses away from the nerve cell

A

axon

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29
Q

branching fibers at the end of the axon that lead the nervous impulse from the axon to the synapse

A

terminal end fibers

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30
Q

the space between two neurons or between a neuron and a receptor organ

A

synapse

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31
Q

chemical substances that make it possible for messages to cross from the synapse of a neuron to the target receptor

A

neurotransmitters

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32
Q

provide support and protection for neurons

A

glial cells

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33
Q

the protective covering made of glial cells

A

myelin sheath

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34
Q

the system of membranes that enclose the brain and spinal cord

A

meinges

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35
Q

the thick, though, outermost membrane of the meninges

A

dura mater

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36
Q

resembles a spiderweb, the second layer of the meninges

A

arachnoid membrane

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37
Q

third layer of the meninges, located nearest the brain

A

pia mater

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38
Q

produced by special capillarries within the four ventricles. clear, colourless watery fluid that flows throughout the brain and around the spinal cord

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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39
Q

largest and uppermost portion of the brain

A

cerebrum

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40
Q

means pertaining to the cerebrum or brain

A

cerebral

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41
Q

made of gray matter, outer layer of the cerebrum

A

cerebral cortex

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42
Q

located below the cerebrum, relays sensory stimuli from the spinal cord and midbrain to the cerebral cortex

A

thalamus

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43
Q

located below the thalamus, controls vital body functions

A

hypothalamus

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44
Q

located in the lower back of the cranium below the cerebrum, controls balance, etc

A

cerebellum

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45
Q

located in the base of the brain and forms the connection between the brain and spinal cord

A

brainstem

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46
Q

cerebral hemispheres subdivided to create pairs of

A

cerebral lobes

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47
Q

provide conduction pathways to and from the higher and lower centers in the brain, also control reflexes for movements the eyes and head (2 structures)

A

midbrain and pos

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48
Q

located at the lowest part of the brainstem, is connected to the spinal cord. controls basic survival functions

A

medulla oblongata

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49
Q

long, tube-like structure that begins at the end of the brainstem and continues down to the bottom of the spinal column

A

spinal cord

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50
Q

12 pairs of nerve that originate from the undersurface of the brain

A

cranial nerves

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51
Q

31 pairs of peripheral nerves

A

peripheral spinal nerves

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52
Q

organized into two divisions, sympathetic and parasympathetic

A

autonomic nervous system

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53
Q

prepare the body for emergencies and stress

A

sympathetic nerves

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54
Q

return the body to normal after a response to stress

A

parasympathetic nerves

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55
Q

a physician who specializes in administering anesthetic agents

A

anesthesiologist

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56
Q

medical professional who specializes in administering anesthesia but is not a physician

A

anesthetist

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57
Q

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases of the nervous system

A

neurologist

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58
Q

physician who specializes in surgery of the nervous system

A

neurologist

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59
Q

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating chemical dependencies, emotional problems, and mental illness

A

psychiatrist

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60
Q

not an MD, evaluates and treats emotional problems and mental illness

A

psychologist

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61
Q

aka headache

A

cephalalgia

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62
Q

characterized by throbbing pain on one side of the head, sometimes accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and sensitivity to light

A

migraine headache

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63
Q

intensely painful headaches that affect one side of the head and may be associated with tearing of the eyes and nasal congestion

A

cluster headaches

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64
Q

aka craniocele, congenital herniation of brain tissue through a gap in the skull

A

encephalocele

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65
Q

congenital herniation of the meninges through a defect in the skull or spinal column

A

meningocele

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66
Q

condition in which excess cerebrospinal fluid accumulates in the ventricles

A

hydrocephalus

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67
Q

common, slow-growing usually benign tumor of the meninges

A

meningioma

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68
Q

inflammation of the menenges brain and spinal cord

A

meningitis

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69
Q

describes the mental activities associated with thinking, learning, and memory

A

cognition

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70
Q

slowly progressive decline in mental abilities

A

dementia

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71
Q

form of dementia caused by a stroke or other restrictions of the flow of blood to the brain

A

vascular dementia

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72
Q

an inflammation of the brain

A

encephalitis

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73
Q

potentially serious disorder in children that is characterized by vomiting and confusion

A

Reye’s syndrome

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74
Q

aka lockjaw, infection of the central nervous system caused by a toxin produced by the tetanus bacteria

A

tetanus

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75
Q

complex neurological disorder characterized by involuntary tics

A

Tourette syndrome

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76
Q

umbrella term or disorders in which there is a progressive loss of the structure or function of the neurons

A

neurodegenerative disease

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77
Q

group of disorders involving the parts of the brain that control thought, memory, and language

A

Alzheimer’s disease

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78
Q

chronic, degenerative central nervous disorder characterized by fine muscle tremors, rigidity and slow gait

A

Parkinson’s disease

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79
Q

memory disturbance characterized by total or partial inability to recall past experiences

A

amnesia

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80
Q

violent shaking up or jarring of the brain

A

concussion

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81
Q

bruising of brain tissue as the result of a head injury that causes the brain to bounce against the rigid bone of the skull

A

cerebral contussion

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82
Q

collection of blood trapped in the tissues of the brain

A

cranial hematoma

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83
Q

blow to the head or a penetrating head injury that damages the brain

A

traumatic brain injury

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84
Q

describes the results of child being violently shaken by someone

A

shaken baby syndrome

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85
Q

describes the measurement of response to arousal and stimulus

A

levels of consciousness

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86
Q

state of being awake and alert

A

conscious

87
Q

state of being unaware and unable to respond

A

unconscious

88
Q

lowered level of consciousness marked by listlessness, drowsiness and apathy

A

lethargy

89
Q

unresponsive state from which a person can be aroused only briefly despite repeated attempts

A

stupor

90
Q

aka fainting

A

syncope

91
Q

deep state of unconsciousness

A

coma

92
Q

type of coma in which the patient exhibits alternating sleep and wake cycles

A

persistent vegetative state

93
Q

acute condition of confusion, disorientation, hallucinations, etc

A

delirium

94
Q

abnormal growth located inside the skull

A

brain tumor

95
Q

amount of pressure inside the skull

A

intracranial pressure

96
Q

aka stroke

A

cerebrovascular accident

97
Q

occurs when the flow of blood to the brain is blocked by the narrowing or blockage of a carotid artery

A

ischemic stroke

98
Q

aka mini-stroke, temporary interruption in the blood supply to the brain

A

transient ischemic stroke

99
Q

loss of the ability to speak, write or comprehend words

A

aphasia

100
Q

occurs when a blood vessel in the brain leaks, damaging the brain

A

hemorrhagic stroke

101
Q

abnormal connection between the arteries and veins in the brain, usually congenital and can rupture suddenly

A

arteriovenous malformation

102
Q

prolonged or abnormal inability to sleep

A

insomnia

103
Q

sleep disorder consisting of sudden and uncontrollable brief episodes of falling asleep during the day

A

narcolepsy

104
Q

sufficient lack of restorative sleep over a cumulative period so as to cause problems

A

sleep deprivation

105
Q

aka sleepwalking

A

somnambulism

106
Q

inflammation of the spinal cord

A

myelitis

107
Q

tumor of the spinal cord

A

myelosis

108
Q

highly contagious viral infection of the brainstem and spinal cord that sometimes leads to paralysis. can be prevented though vaccination

A

poliomyelitis

109
Q

aka pinched nerve, inflammation of the root of a spinal nerve that causes pain and numbness

A

radiculitis

110
Q

nerve pain caused by pressure on the spinal nerve roots in the neck region

A

cervical radiculopathy

111
Q

nerve pain in the lower back caused by muscle spasms or nerve root irritation from the compression of vertebral disks

A

lumbar radiculopathy

112
Q

progressive autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation that causes demyelination of the myelin sheath

A

multiple sclerosis

113
Q

aka Lou Gehrig’s disease, rapidly progressive neurological disease that attacks the nerve cells responsible for controlling voluntary muscles

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

114
Q

temporary paralysis of the seventh cranial nerve that causes paralysis only of the affected side of the face

A

Bell’s palsy

115
Q

aka infection polyneuritis, an inflammation of the myelin sheath of peripheral nerves, characterized by rapidly worsening muscle weakness that can lead to temporary paralysis

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome

116
Q

inflammation of a nerve accompanied by pain and sometimes loss of fuction

A

neuritis

117
Q

inflammation of the sciatic nerve that results in pain, burning, and tingling along the course of the nerve

A

sciatica

118
Q

characterized by severe lightning-like pain due to an inflammation of the fifth cranial nerve. affects the cheek, lips, and gums on one side of the face

A

trigeminal neuralgia

119
Q

condition characterized by poor muscle control, spasticity, speech defects, and other neurologic deficiencies

A

cerebral palsy

120
Q

chronic neurological condition characterized by recurrent episodes of seizures

A

epilepsy

121
Q

a sudden surge of electrical activity in the brain that affects how a person feels or acts for a short time

A

seizure

122
Q

aka grand mal seizure, involves the entire body

A

tonic-clonic seizure

123
Q

aka petit mal seizure, brief disturbance in brain function in which there is loss of awareness

A

absence seizure

124
Q

persistent, severe burning pain that usually follows an injury to the sensory nerve

A

causalgia

125
Q

abnormal and excessive sensitivity to touch or other sensory stimuli

A

hyperesthesia

126
Q

burning or prickling sensation that is usually felt in the hands, arms, legs, or feet. drugs

A

paresthesia

127
Q

disorder of the peripheral nerves that carry information to and from the brain and spinal cord

A

peripheral neuropathy

128
Q

neurological disorder characterized by uncomfortable feelings in the legs, producing a strong urge to move them

A

restless leg syndrom

129
Q

detects changes in blood flow in the brain when the patient is asked to perform a specific task

A

functional MRI

130
Q

ultrasound study of the carotid artery

A

carotid ultrasonography

131
Q

the use of ultrasound imaging to create a detailed visual image of the brain for diagnositc purposes

A

echoencephalography

132
Q

process of recording the electrical activity of the brain through the use of electrodes attached to the scalp

A

electroencephalography

133
Q

radiographic study of the spinal cord after the injection of a contrast medium through a lumbar pucture

A

myelography

134
Q

aka spinal tap, process of obtaining a sample of spinal fluid by inserting a needle into the subarachnoid space of the lumbar region

A

lumbar puncture

135
Q

depresses the central nervous system and usually produces sleep

A

hypnotic

136
Q

adminestered to prevent seizures such as those associated with epilepsy

A

anticonvulsant

137
Q

class of drugs who major action is the calming or depressing effect on the central nervous system

A

barbiturates

138
Q

medication used to induce anesthesia

A

anesthetic

139
Q

absence of normal sensation

A

anesthesia

140
Q

regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the epidural space of the lumbar or sacral region of the spine

A

epidural anesthesia

141
Q

regional anesthesia produced by injecting medication into the subarachnoid space

A

spinal anesthesia

142
Q

neurosurgical procedure used in the treatment of dystonia, tremors, and Parkinson’s disease. a device to stimulate the brain with mild electrical signals is implanted near the collar bone

A

deep brain stimulation

143
Q

type of radiation treatment for brain tumors performed without a knife or incision

A

gamma knife surgery

144
Q

aka electroshock therapy, small amounts of electric current are passed through the brain, deliberately triggering a brief seizure

A

electroconvulsive therapy

145
Q

exposure to daylight to counteract seasonal affective disorder

A

light therapy

146
Q

surgical removal of a portion of the brain

A

lobectomy

147
Q

surgical incision into the thalamus

A

thalamotomy

148
Q

surgical repair of a nerve or nerves

A

neuroplasty

149
Q

suturing together the ends of a severed nerve

A

neurorrhaphy

150
Q

surgical division or dissection of a nerve

A

neurotomy

151
Q

mental conditions characterized by excessive, irrational dread of everyday situations or fear that is out of proportion to the situation

A

anxiety disorders

152
Q

characterized by chronic, excessive worrying

A

generalized anxiety disorder

153
Q

characterized by recurrent obsessions and/or compulsions

A

obsessive-compulsive disorder

154
Q

characterized by a fear of panic attacks

A

panic disorder

155
Q

unexpected, sudden experience or fear in the absence of danger, accompanied by physical symptoms

A

panic attack

156
Q

may develop after an event involving actual or threatened death or injury to the individual or someone else

A

post-traumatic stress disorder

157
Q

persistent irrational fear of a specific thing or situation

A

phobia

158
Q

excessive fear of heights

A

acrophobia

159
Q

excessive fear of environments where the person fears a panic attack may occur

A

agoraphobia

160
Q

abnormal fear of being in small or enclosed spaces

A

claustrophobia

161
Q

an excessive fear of social situations

A

social phobia

162
Q

characterized by a short attention span and impulsive behaviour that is inappropriate for the child’s age

A

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder

163
Q

learning disability characterized by substandard reading due to the inability of the brain to process symbols

A

dyslexia

164
Q

disorders found in children of normal intelligence who have difficulties learning specific skills such as processing language

A

learning disabilities

165
Q

diagnosing of significant below-average intellectual and adaptive functioning present from birth

A

mental retardation/intellectual disability

166
Q

describes a group of conditions in which a young child has difficulty developing normal social relationships

A

autistic spectrum disorders

167
Q

a subgroup, children have developmental delays, including speech and language, have very minimal verbal skills and lack normal social relationships

A

autism

168
Q

occur when normal thought is separated from consciousness

A

dissociative disorders

169
Q

aka multiple personality disorder

A

dissociative identity disorder

170
Q

a condition in which an individual acts as if he or she has a physical or mental illness when he or she is not really sick

A

factitious disorder

171
Q

factitious disorder by proxy

A

a form of child abuse, mentally ill parent will falsify an illness in a child

172
Q

group of psychiatric disorders characterized by a failure to resist and impulse despite potential negative consequences

A

impulse control disorders

173
Q

condition characterized by cycles of severe mood changes

A

bipolar disorder

174
Q

includes abnormally elevated mood state

A

manic behaviour

175
Q

characterized by lethargy and sadness

A

depression

176
Q

low-grade chronic depression with milder symptoms

A

dysthymia

177
Q

seeasonal bout of depression associated with the decrease in hours of daylight

A

seasonal effective disorder

178
Q

chronic pattern of inner experience and behavior that causes serious problems with relationships and work

A

personality disorder

179
Q

characterized by loss of contact with reality and deterioration of normal social function

A

psychotic disorder

180
Q

marked by a lack of responsiveness, stupor, and tendency to remain in a fixed posture

A

catatonic behaviour

181
Q

false personal belief that is maintained despite obvious proof or evidence

A

delusion

182
Q

a sensory perception experienced in the absence of external stimuli

A

hallucination

183
Q

psychotic disorder characterized from withdrawal from reality, delusions, etc

A

schizophrenia

184
Q

characterized by physical complaints or concerns about one’s body that are out of proportion to any physical findings

A

somatofrom disorder

185
Q

characterized by serious or temporary ongoing changes in function, such as paralysis or blindness, that are triggered by psychological factors

A

conversion disorder

186
Q

fearing that one has a serious illness despite reassurance

A

hypochondriasis

187
Q

intentional creation of false or exaggerated problems. motivated by incentives such as avoiding work

A

malingering

188
Q

addictive use of tobacco, alcohol, meds, etc

A

substance abuse

189
Q

chronic alcohol dependence with specific signs and symptoms upon withdrawal

A

alcoholism

190
Q

disorder involving sudden and severe mental changes or seizures caused by abruptly stopping the use of alcohol

A

delirium tremens

191
Q

excessive use of illegal or recreational drugs

A

drug abuse

192
Q

accidental or intentional use of an illegal drug or prescription in high amount

A

drug overdose

193
Q

acts primarily on the central nervous system, produces temporary changes affecting the mind, emotions, and behaviour. used as medication to control pain etc

A

psychotropic drug

194
Q

administered to prevent or relieve depression

A

antidepressant

195
Q

administered to treat symptoms of severe disorders of thinking and mood that are associated with neurological and psychiatric illnesses

A

antipsychotic drug

196
Q

aka antiaxiety drug

A

anxiolytic drug

197
Q

used to treat mood instability and bipolar disorders

A

mood-stabiizing drugs

198
Q

increasing activity in certain areas of the brain to increase concentration and wakefulness

A

stimulant

199
Q

based on the idea that mental disorders have underlying causes stemming from childhood and can only be overcome by gaining insight into one’s feelings and patterns of behaviour

A

psychoanalyis

200
Q

focuses on changing behaviour by identifying problem behaviours, replacing them with appropriate behaviours

A

behavioral therapy

201
Q

focuses on changing cognitions or thoughts that are affecting a person’s emotions and actions

A

cognitive therapy

202
Q

use of hypnosis to produce an altered state of focused attention

A

hypnotherapy

203
Q

AD

A

Alzheimer’s disease

204
Q

ALS

A

amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

205
Q

CP

A

cerebral palsy

206
Q

CSF

A

cerebral spinal fluid

207
Q

EEG

A

electroencephalography

208
Q

ICP

A

intracranial pressure

209
Q

LOC

A

loss of consciousness

210
Q

LP

A

lumbar puncture

211
Q

MS

A

multiple sclerosis

212
Q

Sz

A

seizure

213
Q

TIA

A

transient ischemic attack

Medical Terminoloy (13 decks)

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