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Medical Terminoloy > mod 2 chp 5 > Flashcards

mod 2 chp 5 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

pertaining to the heart and blood vessels

A

cardiovascular

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2
Q

the double walled membranous sac that encloses the heart

A

pericardium

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3
Q

the external layer of the heart and inner layer of the pericardium

A

epicardium

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4
Q

the middle and thickest of the heart’s three layers

A

myocardium

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5
Q

epithelial tissue, inner lining of the heart

A

endocardium

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6
Q

the two upper chamers of the heart

A

atria

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7
Q

the two lower chamers of the heart

A

ventricles

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8
Q

controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle

A

tricuspid valve

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9
Q

located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

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10
Q

located between the left atrium and left ventricle

A

mitral valve

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11
Q

located between the left ventricle and the aorta

A

aortic semilunar valve

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12
Q

the flow of blood only between the heart and lungs

A

pulmonary circulation

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13
Q

carry oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atirum of the heart

A

pulmonary veins

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14
Q

the flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs

A

systemic circulation

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15
Q

carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs

A

pulmonary arteries

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16
Q

the ability to pump blood effectively throughout the body

A

heartbeat

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17
Q

located in the posterior wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava, establishes the basic rhythm of the heartbeat, start each wave of muscle contraction

A

sinoatrial node

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18
Q

located on the floor of the right atrium near the interarterial septum. transmits electrical impulses to the bundle of HIs

A

atrioventricular node

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19
Q

group of fibers located within the interventricular septum. carry electrical impulse to ensure the sequence of the heart contractions

A

bundle of His

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20
Q

specialized conductive fibers located within the walls of the ventricles. relay the electrical impulses to the cells of the ventricles, causing them to contract

A

Purkinje fibers

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21
Q

large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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22
Q

the largest blood vessel

A

aorta

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23
Q

the major arteries that carry blood upward to the head

A

carotid arteries

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24
Q

smaller thinner branches of arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries

A

arterioles

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25
Q

one epithelial cell thick, smallest blood vessels

A

capillaries

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26
Q

low pressure collecting system to return blood to the heart

A

veins

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27
Q

smaller veins

A

venules

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28
Q

two largest veins in the body

A

venae cavae

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29
Q

rhythmic pressure against the walls of the artery caused by the contraction of the heart

A

pulse

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30
Q

the measurement of the the amount of systolic and diastolic pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries

A

blood pressure

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31
Q

occurs when the ventricles contract, the highest pressure

A

systolic pressure

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32
Q

plasma fluid after the blood cells and the clotting proteins have been removed

A

serum

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33
Q

the two clotting factors found in plasma

A

fibrinogen and prothrombin

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34
Q

aka red blood cells

A

erthrocytes

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35
Q

oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment

A

hemoglobin

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36
Q

aka white blood cells

A

leukocytes

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37
Q

formed in red bone marrow, most common wbc, phagocytes

A

neutrophils

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38
Q

formed in red bone marrow, least common wbc. cause symptoms of allergic reactions

A

basophils

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39
Q

formed in red bone marrow, migrate to tissue, help destroy parasitic organisms

A

eosinophils

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40
Q

formed in red bone marrow, in lymph nodes, and spleen. produce antibodies

A

lymphocytes

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41
Q

formed in bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. Phagocytes

A

monocytes

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42
Q

aka platelets

A

thrombocytes

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43
Q

classified according the presence or absence of certain antigens

A

blood types

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44
Q

defines the presence or absence of the Rh antigen

A

Rh factor

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45
Q

gases that are normally dissolved in the blood

A

blood gasses

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46
Q

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases and disorders of the heart

A

cardiologist

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47
Q

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues

A

hematologist

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48
Q

a physician who specializes in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of disorders of the blood vessels

A

vascular surgeon

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49
Q

structural abnormalities caused by the failure of the heart to develop nomally before birth

A

congenital heart defects

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50
Q

atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces blood supply to the heart muscle

A

coronary artery disease

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51
Q

the hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by a buildup of cholesterol plaque on the interior walls of the arteries

A

atherosclerosis

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52
Q

a fatty deposit in an artery wall

A

atheroma

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53
Q

a group of cardiac disabilites resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart

A

ischemic heart disease

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54
Q

a condition in which there is an insufficient supply of oxygen in the tissues due to restricted blood flow

A

ischemia

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55
Q

aka heart attack

A

myocardial infarction

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56
Q

most commonly occurs in elderly, aka congestive heart failure, heart is unable to pump out all the blood it recieves

A

heart failure

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57
Q

abnormal enlargement of the heart

A

cardiomegaly

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58
Q

inflammation of the heart

A

carditis

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59
Q

inflammation of the inner lining of the heart

A

endocarditis

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60
Q

inflammation of the lining or valves of the heart caused by the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream

A

bacterial endocarditis

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61
Q

an inflammation of the pericardum

A

pericarditis

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62
Q

an uncommon condition that is an inflammation of the myocardium that develops as a complication of a viral infection

A

myocarditis

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63
Q

term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle

A

cardiomyopathy

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64
Q

abnormal blowing or clicking sound heard when listenng to the heart of large blood vessels

A

hear murmer

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65
Q

an inflammation of a heart valve

A

valvulitis

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66
Q

the abnormal protrusion of ah heart valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely

A

valvular prolapse

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67
Q

card/o, cardi/o

A

heart

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68
Q

angi/o, vas/o

A

blood vessels

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69
Q

arteri/o

A

arteries

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70
Q

angi/o

A

blood or lymph vessel

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71
Q

aort/o

A

aorta

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72
Q

ather/o

A

plaque, fatty substance

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73
Q

brady-

A

slow

74
Q

-crasia

A

a mixture or blending

75
Q

-emia

A

blood, blood condition

76
Q

phleb/o

A

vein

77
Q

tachy-

A

fast

78
Q

thromb/o

A

clot

79
Q

ven/o

A

vein

80
Q

a condition in which there is narrowing, stiffening, thickening, or blockage of one or more valves of the heart

A

valvular stenosis

81
Q

the loss of the normal rhythm of the heartbeat

A

arrhythmia

82
Q

aka flat line, no electrical activity

A

asystole

83
Q

the heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood properly

A

cardiac arrest

84
Q

results when treatment of cardiac arrest is not provided within a few minutes

A

sudden cardiac death

85
Q

abnormally slow heart rate

A

braycardia

86
Q

abnormmaly fast heart rate

A

tachycardia

87
Q

pounding or racing heart rate without irregularity

A

palpitation

88
Q

rapid and uncontrolled heartbeat

A

fibrillation

89
Q

occurs when the normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid, irregular twitching

A

atrial fibrillation

90
Q

aka PSVT, an episode that begins and ends abruptly during which there are very rapid and regular heartbeats that originate in the atrium or in the av node

A

paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia

91
Q

rapid, irregular, useless contractions of the ventricles

A

ventricular fibrillation

92
Q

inflammation of a blood vessel

A

vasculitis

93
Q

form or vasculitis involving several medium and small arteries at the same time

A

polyarteritis

94
Q

form of vasculitis that can cause headaches. aka giant cell arteritis

A

temporal arteritis

95
Q

the abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel

A

angiostenosis

96
Q

a benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels

A

hemangioma

97
Q

a localized weak spot or balloon like enlargement of the wall of an artery

A

aneurysm

98
Q

hardening of arteries, thickening and loss of elasticity

A

ateriosclerosis

99
Q

the abnormal narrowing of an artery

A

arteriostenosis

100
Q

aka venous insufficiency, venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or leakage

A

chronic venous insufficiency

101
Q

inflammation of a vein

A

phlebitis

102
Q

abnormally swolled veins that occur in the superficial veins of the legs

A

varicose veins

103
Q

abnormal condition of having a thrombis

A

thrombosis

104
Q

a blood clot attached tothe interior wall of an artery or vein

A

thrombus

105
Q

blocking of an artery by a thrombis

A

thrombotic occlusion

106
Q

damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery

A

coronary thrombosis

107
Q

having a thrombus attached to the interior wall of a deep vein

A

deep vein thrombosis

108
Q

a sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus

A

embolism

109
Q

a foreign object, such as a blood clot, air or gas, tissue or tumor that is circulating in the blood

A

embolus

110
Q

disorders of the blood vessels that are loacted outside of the heart or brain

A

peripheral vascular diseases

111
Q

a peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress

A

Raynaud’s disease

112
Q

any pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood

A

blood dyscrasia

113
Q

a genetic disorder in which the intestines absorb too much iron

A

hemochromatosis

114
Q

a decrease in the number of disease fighting wbc circulating

A

leukopenia

115
Q

an abnormal increase in the number of rbc due to excess production

A

polycythemia

116
Q

often associated with severeinfections caused by the presence of bacteria

A

septicemia or bacteremia

117
Q

a condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets

A

thrombocytopenia

118
Q

an abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the blood

A

thrombocytosis

119
Q

the loss of a large amount of blood

A

hemorrhage

120
Q

serious and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion

A

transfusion reaction

121
Q

a fatty substance that travels through the blood, in cell membranes

A

cholesterol

122
Q

the general term used to describe elevated levels of cholesterol

A

hyperlipidemia

123
Q

bad cholesterol

A

low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

124
Q

good cholesterol

A

high-density lipoprotein cholesterol

125
Q

combinations of fatty acids attached to glycerol found in the blood

A

triglycerides

126
Q

group of bone marrow disorders characterized by insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells

A

myelodsyplastic syndrome

127
Q

a type of cancer with progressive increase in number of abnormal leukocytes

A

leukemia

128
Q

lower than normal number of rbc

A

anemia

129
Q

absence of all formed blood elements caused by failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow

A

aplastic anemia

130
Q

inadequate number of circulating rbc due to premature destruction of rbc by spleen

A

hemolytic anemia

131
Q

most common anemia, lack of iron

A

iron-deficiency anemia

132
Q

a blood disorder characterized by anemia with larger than normal rbc

A

megaloblastic anemia

133
Q

caused by a lack of protein intrinsic factor that helps body absorb b12 to make rbc

A

pernicious anemia

134
Q

genetic disorder that causes rbc with sickle shape

A

sickle cell anemia

135
Q

inherited blood disorder that causes mild or severe anemia due to restricted hemoglobin and fewer rbc

A

thalassemia

136
Q

aka high blood pressure

A

hypertension

137
Q

administered to stimulate the kidneys to increase secretion of urine

A

diuretic

138
Q

medication administered to control irregularities of the heart beat

A

antiarrhythmic

139
Q

slows coagulationand prevents clots

A

anticoagulant

140
Q

used to combat hyperlipidemia by reducing the levels of bad cholesterol

A

cholesterol-lowering druigs

141
Q

aka warfarin, anticoagulant

A

coumadin

142
Q

strengthens the contractions of the heart muscle, slows heart rate

A

digitalis

143
Q

aka clot busting drug

A

thrombolytic

144
Q

thrombolytic that is administered to some patients having a heart attack or stroke

A

tissue plasminogen activator

145
Q

causes blood vessels to narrow

A

vasoconstrictor

146
Q

causes blood vessels to expand

A

vasodilator

147
Q

vasodilator prescribed to relieve pain of angina

A

nitroglycerin

148
Q

technique of mechanically widening a narrowed blood vessel

A

angioplasty

149
Q

aka balloon angioplasty

A

percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty

150
Q

involves laser on end of a catheter to remve plaque

A

laser angioplasty

151
Q

wire-mesh tube used to keep artery open

A

stent

152
Q

condition when an artery that has been opened closes again

A

restenosis

153
Q

surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior of an artery

A

atherectomy

154
Q

surgical removal of the linin gof a portion of a clogged carotid artery to prevent strokes

A

carotid endarterectomy

155
Q

a piece of vein from the leg or chest is implanted on the heart to replace a blocked coronary artery

A

coronary artery bypass graft

156
Q

aka keyhole or buttonhole bypass

A

minimally invasive coronary artery bypass

157
Q

use of electrical shock to restore the heart’s normal rhythm

A

defibrillation

158
Q

designed for use by nonproffessionals for defibrillation

A

automated external defibrillator

159
Q

used to treat bradycardia or atrial fibrillation, electronic device that regulates heartbeat

A

artificial pacemaker

160
Q

a double action pacemaker. regulates and acts as an automatic defibrillator

A

automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

161
Q

surgical repair of a heart valve

A

valvoplasty

162
Q

aka cpr

A

cardiopulmonary resuscitation

163
Q

surgical removal of an aneurysm

A

aneurysmectomy

164
Q

surgical suturing of an aneurysm

A

aneurysmorrhaphy

165
Q

surgical removal of part of an artery

A

arteriectomy

166
Q

to stop or control bleeding

A

hemostasis

167
Q

removal of whole blood from the body and separation of the bloods cellular elememnts

A

plasmapheresis

168
Q

AICD

A

automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator

169
Q

card cath, CC

A

cardiac catheterization

170
Q

CVI

A

chronic venous insufficiency

171
Q

CABG

A

coronary artery bypass graft

172
Q

CAD

A

coronary artery disease

173
Q

EKG, ECG

A

electrocardiogram

174
Q

HTN

A

hypertension

175
Q

MI

A

myocardial infarction

176
Q

PAD

A

peripheral artery disease

177
Q

PVD

A

peripheral vascular disease

178
Q

TST

A

thallium stress test

179
Q

tPA

A

tissue plasminogen activator

180
Q

V-fib

A

ventricular fibrillation

Medical Terminoloy (13 decks)

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