mod 2 chp 5 Flashcards
1
Q
pertaining to the heart and blood vessels
A
cardiovascular
2
Q
the double walled membranous sac that encloses the heart
A
pericardium
3
Q
the external layer of the heart and inner layer of the pericardium
A
epicardium
4
Q
the middle and thickest of the heart’s three layers
A
myocardium
5
Q
epithelial tissue, inner lining of the heart
A
endocardium
6
Q
the two upper chamers of the heart
A
atria
7
Q
the two lower chamers of the heart
A
ventricles
8
Q
controls the opening between the right atrium and the right ventricle
A
tricuspid valve
9
Q
located between the right ventricle and the pulmonary artery
A
pulmonary semilunar valve
10
Q
located between the left atrium and left ventricle
A
mitral valve
11
Q
located between the left ventricle and the aorta
A
aortic semilunar valve
12
Q
the flow of blood only between the heart and lungs
A
pulmonary circulation
13
Q
carry oxygenated blood from the lungs into the left atirum of the heart
A
pulmonary veins
14
Q
the flow of blood to all parts of the body except the lungs
A
systemic circulation
15
Q
carry deoxygenated blood out of the right ventricle and into the lungs
A
pulmonary arteries
16
Q
the ability to pump blood effectively throughout the body
A
heartbeat
17
Q
located in the posterior wall of the right atrium near the entrance of the superior vena cava, establishes the basic rhythm of the heartbeat, start each wave of muscle contraction
A
sinoatrial node
18
Q
located on the floor of the right atrium near the interarterial septum. transmits electrical impulses to the bundle of HIs
A
atrioventricular node
19
Q
group of fibers located within the interventricular septum. carry electrical impulse to ensure the sequence of the heart contractions
A
bundle of His
20
Q
specialized conductive fibers located within the walls of the ventricles. relay the electrical impulses to the cells of the ventricles, causing them to contract
A
Purkinje fibers
21
Q
large blood vessels that carry blood away from the heart
A
arteries
22
Q
the largest blood vessel
A
aorta
23
Q
the major arteries that carry blood upward to the head
A
carotid arteries
24
Q
smaller thinner branches of arteries that deliver blood to the capillaries
A
arterioles
25
one epithelial cell thick, smallest blood vessels
capillaries
26
low pressure collecting system to return blood to the heart
veins
27
smaller veins
venules
28
two largest veins in the body
venae cavae
29
rhythmic pressure against the walls of the artery caused by the contraction of the heart
pulse
30
the measurement of the the amount of systolic and diastolic pressure exerted against the walls of the arteries
blood pressure
31
occurs when the ventricles contract, the highest pressure
systolic pressure
32
plasma fluid after the blood cells and the clotting proteins have been removed
serum
33
the two clotting factors found in plasma
fibrinogen and prothrombin
34
aka red blood cells
erthrocytes
35
oxygen-carrying blood protein pigment
hemoglobin
36
aka white blood cells
leukocytes
37
formed in red bone marrow, most common wbc, phagocytes
neutrophils
38
formed in red bone marrow, least common wbc. cause symptoms of allergic reactions
basophils
39
formed in red bone marrow, migrate to tissue, help destroy parasitic organisms
eosinophils
40
formed in red bone marrow, in lymph nodes, and spleen. produce antibodies
lymphocytes
41
formed in bone marrow, lymph nodes, and spleen. Phagocytes
monocytes
42
aka platelets
thrombocytes
43
classified according the presence or absence of certain antigens
blood types
44
defines the presence or absence of the Rh antigen
Rh factor
45
gases that are normally dissolved in the blood
blood gasses
46
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases and disorders of the heart
cardiologist
47
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating abnormalities, diseases, and disorders of the blood and blood forming tissues
hematologist
48
a physician who specializes in the diagnosis, management, and treatment of disorders of the blood vessels
vascular surgeon
49
structural abnormalities caused by the failure of the heart to develop nomally before birth
congenital heart defects
50
atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries that reduces blood supply to the heart muscle
coronary artery disease
51
the hardening and narrowing of the arteries caused by a buildup of cholesterol plaque on the interior walls of the arteries
atherosclerosis
52
a fatty deposit in an artery wall
atheroma
53
a group of cardiac disabilites resulting from an insufficient supply of oxygenated blood to the heart
ischemic heart disease
54
a condition in which there is an insufficient supply of oxygen in the tissues due to restricted blood flow
ischemia
55
aka heart attack
myocardial infarction
56
most commonly occurs in elderly, aka congestive heart failure, heart is unable to pump out all the blood it recieves
heart failure
57
abnormal enlargement of the heart
cardiomegaly
58
inflammation of the heart
carditis
59
inflammation of the inner lining of the heart
endocarditis
60
inflammation of the lining or valves of the heart caused by the presence of bacteria in the bloodstream
bacterial endocarditis
61
an inflammation of the pericardum
pericarditis
62
an uncommon condition that is an inflammation of the myocardium that develops as a complication of a viral infection
myocarditis
63
term used to describe all diseases of the heart muscle
cardiomyopathy
64
abnormal blowing or clicking sound heard when listenng to the heart of large blood vessels
hear murmer
65
an inflammation of a heart valve
valvulitis
66
the abnormal protrusion of ah heart valve that results in the inability of the valve to close completely
valvular prolapse
67
card/o, cardi/o
heart
68
angi/o, vas/o
blood vessels
69
arteri/o
arteries
70
angi/o
blood or lymph vessel
71
aort/o
aorta
72
ather/o
plaque, fatty substance
73
brady-
slow
74
-crasia
a mixture or blending
75
-emia
blood, blood condition
76
phleb/o
vein
77
tachy-
fast
78
thromb/o
clot
79
ven/o
vein
80
a condition in which there is narrowing, stiffening, thickening, or blockage of one or more valves of the heart
valvular stenosis
81
the loss of the normal rhythm of the heartbeat
arrhythmia
82
aka flat line, no electrical activity
asystole
83
the heart abruptly stops beating or develops an arrhythmia that prevents it from pumping blood properly
cardiac arrest
84
results when treatment of cardiac arrest is not provided within a few minutes
sudden cardiac death
85
abnormally slow heart rate
braycardia
86
abnormmaly fast heart rate
tachycardia
87
pounding or racing heart rate without irregularity
palpitation
88
rapid and uncontrolled heartbeat
fibrillation
89
occurs when the normal rhythmic contractions of the atria are replaced by rapid, irregular twitching
atrial fibrillation
90
aka PSVT, an episode that begins and ends abruptly during which there are very rapid and regular heartbeats that originate in the atrium or in the av node
paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia
91
rapid, irregular, useless contractions of the ventricles
ventricular fibrillation
92
inflammation of a blood vessel
vasculitis
93
form or vasculitis involving several medium and small arteries at the same time
polyarteritis
94
form of vasculitis that can cause headaches. aka giant cell arteritis
temporal arteritis
95
the abnormal narrowing of a blood vessel
angiostenosis
96
a benign tumor made up of newly formed blood vessels
hemangioma
97
a localized weak spot or balloon like enlargement of the wall of an artery
aneurysm
98
hardening of arteries, thickening and loss of elasticity
ateriosclerosis
99
the abnormal narrowing of an artery
arteriostenosis
100
aka venous insufficiency, venous circulation is inadequate due to partial vein blockage or leakage
chronic venous insufficiency
101
inflammation of a vein
phlebitis
102
abnormally swolled veins that occur in the superficial veins of the legs
varicose veins
103
abnormal condition of having a thrombis
thrombosis
104
a blood clot attached tothe interior wall of an artery or vein
thrombus
105
blocking of an artery by a thrombis
thrombotic occlusion
106
damage to the heart muscle caused by a thrombus blocking a coronary artery
coronary thrombosis
107
having a thrombus attached to the interior wall of a deep vein
deep vein thrombosis
108
a sudden blockage of a blood vessel by an embolus
embolism
109
a foreign object, such as a blood clot, air or gas, tissue or tumor that is circulating in the blood
embolus
110
disorders of the blood vessels that are loacted outside of the heart or brain
peripheral vascular diseases
111
a peripheral arterial occlusive disease in which intermittent attacks are triggered by cold or stress
Raynaud's disease
112
any pathologic condition of the cellular elements of the blood
blood dyscrasia
113
a genetic disorder in which the intestines absorb too much iron
hemochromatosis
114
a decrease in the number of disease fighting wbc circulating
leukopenia
115
an abnormal increase in the number of rbc due to excess production
polycythemia
116
often associated with severeinfections caused by the presence of bacteria
septicemia or bacteremia
117
a condition in which there is an abnormally small number of platelets
thrombocytopenia
118
an abnormal increase in the number of platelets in the blood
thrombocytosis
119
the loss of a large amount of blood
hemorrhage
120
serious and potentially fatal complication of a blood transfusion
transfusion reaction
121
a fatty substance that travels through the blood, in cell membranes
cholesterol
122
the general term used to describe elevated levels of cholesterol
hyperlipidemia
123
bad cholesterol
low-density lipoprotein cholesterol
124
good cholesterol
high-density lipoprotein cholesterol
125
combinations of fatty acids attached to glycerol found in the blood
triglycerides
126
group of bone marrow disorders characterized by insufficient production of one or more types of blood cells
myelodsyplastic syndrome
127
a type of cancer with progressive increase in number of abnormal leukocytes
leukemia
128
lower than normal number of rbc
anemia
129
absence of all formed blood elements caused by failure of blood cell production in the bone marrow
aplastic anemia
130
inadequate number of circulating rbc due to premature destruction of rbc by spleen
hemolytic anemia
131
most common anemia, lack of iron
iron-deficiency anemia
132
a blood disorder characterized by anemia with larger than normal rbc
megaloblastic anemia
133
caused by a lack of protein intrinsic factor that helps body absorb b12 to make rbc
pernicious anemia
134
genetic disorder that causes rbc with sickle shape
sickle cell anemia
135
inherited blood disorder that causes mild or severe anemia due to restricted hemoglobin and fewer rbc
thalassemia
136
aka high blood pressure
hypertension
137
administered to stimulate the kidneys to increase secretion of urine
diuretic
138
medication administered to control irregularities of the heart beat
antiarrhythmic
139
slows coagulationand prevents clots
anticoagulant
140
used to combat hyperlipidemia by reducing the levels of bad cholesterol
cholesterol-lowering druigs
141
aka warfarin, anticoagulant
coumadin
142
strengthens the contractions of the heart muscle, slows heart rate
digitalis
143
aka clot busting drug
thrombolytic
144
thrombolytic that is administered to some patients having a heart attack or stroke
tissue plasminogen activator
145
causes blood vessels to narrow
vasoconstrictor
146
causes blood vessels to expand
vasodilator
147
vasodilator prescribed to relieve pain of angina
nitroglycerin
148
technique of mechanically widening a narrowed blood vessel
angioplasty
149
aka balloon angioplasty
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty
150
involves laser on end of a catheter to remve plaque
laser angioplasty
151
wire-mesh tube used to keep artery open
stent
152
condition when an artery that has been opened closes again
restenosis
153
surgical removal of plaque buildup from the interior of an artery
atherectomy
154
surgical removal of the linin gof a portion of a clogged carotid artery to prevent strokes
carotid endarterectomy
155
a piece of vein from the leg or chest is implanted on the heart to replace a blocked coronary artery
coronary artery bypass graft
156
aka keyhole or buttonhole bypass
minimally invasive coronary artery bypass
157
use of electrical shock to restore the heart's normal rhythm
defibrillation
158
designed for use by nonproffessionals for defibrillation
automated external defibrillator
159
used to treat bradycardia or atrial fibrillation, electronic device that regulates heartbeat
artificial pacemaker
160
a double action pacemaker. regulates and acts as an automatic defibrillator
automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
161
surgical repair of a heart valve
valvoplasty
162
aka cpr
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
163
surgical removal of an aneurysm
aneurysmectomy
164
surgical suturing of an aneurysm
aneurysmorrhaphy
165
surgical removal of part of an artery
arteriectomy
166
to stop or control bleeding
hemostasis
167
removal of whole blood from the body and separation of the bloods cellular elememnts
plasmapheresis
168
AICD
automated implantable cardioverter-defibrillator
169
card cath, CC
cardiac catheterization
170
CVI
chronic venous insufficiency
171
CABG
coronary artery bypass graft
172
CAD
coronary artery disease
173
EKG, ECG
electrocardiogram
174
HTN
hypertension
175
MI
myocardial infarction
176
PAD
peripheral artery disease
177
PVD
peripheral vascular disease
178
TST
thallium stress test
179
tPA
tissue plasminogen activator
180
V-fib
ventricular fibrillation
