mod 3 chp 9 Flashcards
1
Q
-cele
A
tumor, hernia, swelling
2
Q
cyst/o
A
urinary bladder, cyst, sac or fluid
3
Q
dia-
A
through, between, apart, complete
4
Q
-ectasis
A
stretching, dilation, enlargement
5
Q
glomerul/o
A
glomerulus
6
Q
lith/o
A
stone, calculus
7
Q
nephr/o
A
kidney
8
Q
-pexy
A
surgical fixation
9
Q
pyel/o
A
renal pelvis, bowl of kidney
10
Q
-tripsy
A
to crush
11
Q
ur/o
A
urine, urinary tract
12
Q
ureter/o
A
ureter
13
Q
urethr/o
A
urethra
14
Q
-uria
A
urination, urine
15
Q
the major waste product of protein production
A
urea
16
Q
constantly filter the blood to remove waste products and excess water
A
kidneys
17
Q
means pertaining to the kidneys
A
renal
18
Q
the outer region of the kidneys
A
renal cortex
19
Q
the inner region of the kidney
A
medulla
20
Q
microscopic functional units of each kidney
A
nephrons
21
Q
a cluster of capillaries surrounded by Bowman’s capsule
A
glomerulus
22
Q
after Bowman’s capsule
A
renal tubule
23
Q
blood enters the kidneys through
A
renal artery
24
Q
blood leaves the kidneys through
A
renal vein
25
funnel shaped area inside each kidney that is surrounded by the renal cortex and medulla
renal pelvis
26
two narrow tubes which transport urine from the kidney to the bladder
ureters
27
an oval, hollow muscular organ that is a reservoir for urine
urinary bladder
28
the tube extending fromthe bladder to the exterior of the body
urethra
29
the external opening of the urethra
urethral meatus
30
part of the male reproductive system, surrounds the urethra
prostate gland
31
the process of excreting urine
urination
32
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the kidneys
nephrologist
33
physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases of the urinary system of females and the genitourinary system of males
urologist
34
means any disease of the kidney
nephropathy
35
aka kidney, inability of one or both kidneys to perform their functions
renal failure
36
a toxic condition resulting from renal failure in which kidney function is compromised and waste products are retained in the blood
uremia
37
sudden onset and characterized by uremia
acute renal failure
38
progressive loss of renal function over months or years
chronic kidney disease
39
the final stage of chronic kidney disease
end-stage renal disease
40
aka nephrosis, group of conditions in which excessive amounts of protein are lost through the urine
nephrotic syndrome
41
excessive fluid accumulation in body tissues
edema
42
the presence of abnormally high concentrations of protein in the urine
hyperproteinuria
43
presence of abnormally low concentrations of protein in blood
hypoproteinemia
44
dilation of one or both kidneys. can be caused by problems associated with the backing up of urine due to an obstruction
hydronephrosis
45
inflammation of the kidney
nephritis
46
type of nephritis caused by inflammation of the glomeruli
glomerulonephritis
47
aka floating kidney, prolapse of a kidney into the pelvic area when the patient stands
nephroptosis
48
suppuration of the kidney
nephropyosis
49
a genetic disorder characterized by the growth of numerous fluid-filled cysts in the kidneys
polycystic kidney disease
50
an acute pain in the kidney area that is caused by blockage during the passage of a nephrolith
renal colic
51
a rare type of malignant tumor of the kidney that occurs in young children
Wilms tumor
52
aka calculus, abnormal mineral deposit
stone
53
describes the presence of stones in the kidney
nephrolithiasis
54
aka kidney stone
nephrolith
55
stone located anywhere along the ureter
ureterolith
56
a stone located within the urinary bladder
cystolith
57
condition of the distention of the ureter with urine that cannot flow because the ureter is blocked
hydroureter
58
the distention of a ureter
ureterectasis
59
discharge of blood from the ureter
ureterorrhagia
60
pain in the bladder
cystalgia
61
a hernia of the bladder through the vaginal wall
cystocele
62
chronic inflammation within the walls of the bladder. symptoms are similar to those of cystitis, but do not respond to traditional treatment
interstitial cystitis
63
an abnormal opening between the bladder and vagina that allows constant involuntary flow of urine from the bladder into the vagina
vesicovaginal fistula
64
a urinary problem caused by interference with the normal nerve pathways associated with urination
neurogenic bladder
65
aka enlarged prostate, most often occurs in men older than 50, can make urination difficult
benign prostatic hyperplasia
66
a disorder resulting from the compression or obstruction of the urethra due to benign prostatic hyperplasia
prostatism
67
one of the most common cancers among men
prostate cancer
68
group of disorders characterized by the inflammation of the prostate gland
prostatitis
69
bleeding from the urethra
urethrorrhagia
70
abnormal discharge from the urethra
urethrorrhea
71
narrowing of the urethra. occurs almost exclusively in men
urethrostenosis
72
congenital abnormality of the urethral opening. in males, upper surface of the penis, in females, in region of the clitoris
epispadias
73
congenital abnormality of the urethral opening. in males, underside of penis, in females, opens into the vagina
hypospadias
74
begin in the bladder and can affect all parts of the urinary system. most often caused by E.coli
urinary tract infection
75
inflammation of the bladder
cystitis
76
inflammation of the renal pelvis
pyelitis
77
inflammation of both the renal pelvis and the kidney
pyelonephritis
78
inflammation of the urethra
urethritis
79
absence of urine formation by by the kidneys
anuria
80
increased output of urine
diuresis
81
difficult or painful urination
dysuria
82
involuntary discharge of urine
enuresis
83
aka bedwetting
nocturnal enuresis
84
frequent and excessive urination during the night
nocturia
85
means scanty urniation
oliguria
86
excessive urination and is a common symptom of diabetes
polyuria
87
difficulty in starting a urinary stream
urinary hesitancy
88
aka ischuria, inability to completely empty the bladder when attempting to urinate
urinary retention
89
inability to control the excretion of urine, feces, or both
incontinence
90
inability to control the voiding of urine
urinary incontinence
91
continuous leaking from the bladder either because it is full or because it does not empty completely
overflow incontinence
92
inability to control the voiding of urine under physical stress
stress incontinence
93
occurs when the muscles of the bladder contract involuntarily even though the bladder is not actually full enough to indicate the need to urinate
overactive bladder
94
the examination of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements
urinalysis
95
use of a handheld ultrasound transducer to look for stones etc
bladder ultrasound
96
insertion of a tube into the bladder to procure a sterile specimen or drain urine
urinary catheterization
97
visual examination of the urinary bladder with the use of a specialized type of endoscope known as a cystoscope
cystoscopy
98
diagnostic procedure in which a fluoroscope is used to examine the flow of urine from the bladder and through the urethra
voiding cystourethrography
99
aka cat scan
computed tomography
100
radiographic examination of the bladder after a contrast medium is instilled via a urethral catheter
cystography
101
aka excretory urography, a radiographic study of the kidneys and ureters. a contrast medium is administered intravenously. used to diagnose changes in the urinary tract
intravenous pyelogram
102
a radiographic study without the use of a contrast medium used to detect bowl obstructions and nephroliths
KUB (kidneys, ureters, bladder)
103
radiograph of the urinary system taken after a contrast medium has been placed in the urethra and caused to flow upward through the urinary tract
retrograde urography
104
performed on men by using a lubricated, gloved finger placed in the rectum to palpate the prostate gland
digital rectal examination
105
blood test used to screen for prostate cancer
prostate-specific antigen
106
medications administered to increase urine secretion
diuretics
107
procedure used to remove waste products when kidneys don't work
dialysis
108
process by which waste products are filtered directly from the patient's blood
hemodialysis
109
lining of the peritoneal cavity acts as a filter to remove waste from the blood
peritoneal dialysis
110
surgical freeing of a kidney from adhesions
nephrolysis
111
surgical fixation of nephroptosis, aka nephrorrhaphy
nephropexy
112
placement of a catheter to maintain an opening fro the pelvis of one or both kidneys to the exterior of the body
nephrostomy
113
surgical repair of the ureter and renal pelvis
pyeloplasty
114
surgical incision into the renal pelvis
pyelotomy
115
aka kidney transplate
renal transplantation
116
most common kidney stone treatment, high energy ultrasonic waves traveling though water or gel are used to break up the stone
extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy
117
surgical removal of a nephrolith through a small incision in the back
percutaneous nephrolithotomy
118
surgical removal of a ureter
ureterectomy
119
surgical repair of a ureter
ureteroplasty
120
surgical suturing of a ureter
ureterorrhaphy
121
treatment for a nephrolith lodged in the ureter
ureteroscopy
122
surgical removal of all or part of the urinary bladder
cystectomy
123
replacement for the missing bladder created by using about 20 inches of the small intestine
neobladder
124
use a small piece of intestine to convey urine to the ureters and to a stoma in the abdomen
ileal conduit
125
surgical fixation of the bladder to the abdominal wall
cystopexy
126
surgical incision for the removal of a nephrolith from the bladder
lithotomy
127
catheter remains inside the body for a prolonged time
indwelling catheter
128
performed by inserting a plastic tube called a catheter thorugh the urethra and into the bladder
urethral catheterization
129
placement of a catheter into the bladder through a small incision made through the abdominal wall
suprapubic catheterization
130
most common type of indwelling catheter, flexible tube with a balloon filled with sterile water to hold it in place
Foley catheter
131
aka short term catheter
intermittent catheter
132
surgical incision made in the urethral meatus to enlarge the opening
meatotomy
133
surgical fixation of the urethra to nearby tissue
erethropexy
134
surgical incision into the urethra for relief of a stricture
urethrotomy
135
treatment of prostate cancer, removal of a body part of the destruction of its function through surgery or other methods
ablation
136
the surgical removal of part or all of the prostate gland
prostatectomy
137
when an orgasm results in semen flowing backward into the bladder instead of out
retrograde ejaculation
138
aka TURP, removal of excess tissue from an enlarged prostate gland with the use of a resectoscope
transurethral prostatectomy
139
series of pelvic muscle exercised used to strengthen the muscles of the pelvic floor
Kegel exercises
140
ARF
acute renal faiure
141
BPH
benign prostatic hyperlasia
142
cath
catheterization
143
CKD
chronic kidney disease
144
DRE
digital rectal examination
145
ESRD
end-stage renal disease
146
IVP
intravenous pyelogram
147
PKD
polycystic kidney disease
148
TURP
transurethral resection of the prostate
149
UTI
urinary tract infection
