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Medical Terminoloy > mod 4 chp 15 > Flashcards

mod 4 chp 15 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

albumin/o

A

albumin, protein

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2
Q

calc/i

A

calcium, lime, the heel

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3
Q

creatin/o

A

creatinine

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4
Q

glycos/o

A

glucose

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5
Q

lapar/o

A

abdomen, abdominal wall

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6
Q

son/o

A

sound

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7
Q

four key indications that the body systems are functioning

A

vital signs

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8
Q

extremely high fever

A

hyperthermia

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9
Q

abnormally low body temperature

A

hypothermia

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10
Q

force of the blood against the walls of the arteries measured using

A

sphygmomanometer

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11
Q

means listening for sounds within the body and is usually performed through a stethoscope

A

auscultation

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12
Q

aka crackle, abnormal crackle-like lung sound heard through a stethoscope during inspiration

A

rale

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13
Q

coarse rattling sounds that are somewhat like snoring

A

rhonchi

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14
Q

abnormal, high-pitched, musical breathing sound caused by a blockage in the throat or larynx

A

stridor

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15
Q

abnormal sound or murmur heard during auscultation of an artery. these sounds are usually due to a partially blocked, narrowed, or diseased artery

A

bruit

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16
Q

abnormal heart sound that is most commonly a sign of defective heart valves

A

heart murmur

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17
Q

aka bowel sounds, noises made by the intestines

A

abdominal sounds

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18
Q

examination technique in which the examiner’s hands are used to feel texture size consistency and location of certain body parts

A

palpation

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19
Q

diagnostic procedure designed to determine the quality of a body part by the sound produced by tapping the surface with the fingers

A

percussion

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20
Q

an instrument used to examine the interior of the eye

A

opthalmoscope

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21
Q

an instrument used to visually examine the external ear canal and tympanic membrane

A

otoscope

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22
Q

instrument used to enlarge the opening of any canal or cavity to facilitate inspection of its interior

A

speculum

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23
Q

instrument used to listen to sounds within the body

A

stethoscope

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24
Q

describes any position in which the patient is lying down

A

recumbent

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25
Q

aka supine position, patient is lying on the back, face up

A

horizontal recumbent position

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26
Q

patient is lying on the back, face up, with the knees bent. used for the examination and treatment of the abdominal area and for vaginal or rectal examinations

A

dorsal recumbent position

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27
Q

patient is lying on the back, face up, with the feet and legs raised and supported in stirrups. used for vaginal and rectal examinations and during childbirth

A

lithotomy position

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28
Q

patient is lying on the abdomen face down. this position is used for the examination and treatment of the rectal area

A

prone position

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29
Q

patient is lying on the left side with the right knee and thigh drawn up with the left arm placed along the back. this position is used in the examination and treatment of the rectal area

A

sims’ position

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30
Q

patient is lying face down with the hips bent so that the knees and chest rest on the table. position used for rectal examinations

A

knee-chest position

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31
Q

medical professional who is trained to draw blood from patients for various laboratory tests and other procedures

A

phlebotomist

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32
Q

tests that are frequently performed as a group on automated multi-channel laboratory testing equipment

A

profile

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33
Q

the puncture of a vein for the purpose of drawing blood

A

phlebotomy

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34
Q

puncture of an artery, usually on the inside of the wrist to obtain arterial blood

A

arterial stick

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35
Q

technique used when only a small amount of blood is needed as a specimen for a blood test

A

capillary puncture

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36
Q

series of tests performed as a group to evaluate several blood conditions

A

complete blood cell count

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37
Q

aka sed rate, test based on the speed with which the red blood cells separate from the plasma and fall to the bottom of a specialized test tube

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

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38
Q

describes the percentage, by volume, of a blood sample occupied by red cells

A

hematocrit

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39
Q

measures the number of platelets in a specified amount of blood and is a screening test to evaluate platelet function

A

platelet count

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40
Q

determination of the number of erythrocytes in the blood

A

red blood cell count

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41
Q

usually part of a complete blood count

A

total hemoglobin test

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42
Q

determination of the number of leukocytes in the blood. an elevated count can be an indication of infection or inflammation

A

white blood cell count

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43
Q

tests to see what percentage of the total white blood cell count is composed of each of the five types of leukocytes, this provides information about the patient’s immune system

A

white blood cell differential count

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44
Q

group of eight specific blood tests that provide important information about the current status of the patient’s kidneys, electrolyte balance, blood sugar, and calcium levels

A

basic metabolic panel

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45
Q

measures the amount of nitrogen in the blood due to the waste product urea

A

blood urea nitrogen test

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46
Q

performed to determine the compatibility of blood donor and the recipient before a blood transfusion

A

crossmatch tests

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47
Q

performed to identify high levels of inflammation within the body. obtained by the presence of the C-reative protein

A

C-reative protein test

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48
Q

measures the amounts of total cholesterol, etc

A

lipid panel

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49
Q

a test used to diagnose conditions associated with abnormalities of clotting time and to monitor anticoagulant therapy

A

prothrombin time

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50
Q

measures circulating blood levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone that can indicate abnormal thyroid activity

A

thyroid-stimulating hormone assay

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51
Q

measures the pH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide levels of arterial blood

A

arterial blood gas analysis

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52
Q

examination of the physical and chemical properties of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements

A

urinalysis

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53
Q

reflects the amount of wastes, minerals, and solids that are present

A

specific gravity

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54
Q

the presence of the protein albumin in the urine

A

albuminuria

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55
Q

the presence of bacteria in the urine

A

bacteriuria

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56
Q

presence of calcium in the urine

A

calciuria

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57
Q

increased concentration of creatinine in the urine

A

creatinuria

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58
Q

rapid method of identifying the presence in the body of one or more drugs of abuse such as cocaine etc

A

drug-screening urine test

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59
Q

presence of glucose in the urine

A

glycosuria

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60
Q

the presence of blood in the urine

A

hematuria

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61
Q

presence of ketones in the urine

A

ketonuria

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62
Q

presence of pus in the urine

A

pyuria

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63
Q

visual examination of the interior of a body cavity

A

endoscopy

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64
Q

surgical procedure that is performed through very small incisions with the use of an endoscope and specialized instruments

A

endoscopic surgery

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65
Q

small flexible tube with a light and a lens on the end

A

endoscope

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66
Q

visual examination of the interior of the abdomen with the use of a laparoscope that is passed through a small incision in the abdominal wall

A

laparoscopy

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67
Q

surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid

A

abdominocentesis

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68
Q

surgical puncture of the joint space to remove synovial fluid

A

arthrocentesis

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69
Q

puncture of a chamber of the heart for diagnosis or therapy

A

cardiocentesis

70
Q

puncture of the pericardial sac for the purpose of removing fluid

A

pericardiocentesis

71
Q

means that the substance does not allow x-rays to pass through and appears white or light gray on the resulting film

A

radiopaque

72
Q

the substance, such as air or nitrogen gas, does allow x-rays to pass through and appears black or dark gray

A

radiolucent

73
Q

injected into a vein to make the flow of blood through the blood vessels and organs visible

A

intravenous contrast medium

74
Q

creates an image of hard-tissue internal structures by the exposure of sensitized film to x-radiation

A

radiology

75
Q

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders with x-rays and other forms of radiant energy

A

radiologist

76
Q

use of radiographic imaging to guide a procedure such as a biopsy, also used to confirm the placement of an inserted object such as a stent or feeding tube

A

interventional radiology

77
Q

describes the path that the x-ray beam follows through the patient’s body from the entrance to the exit

A

radiographic projection

78
Q

means that the film is placed and exposed outside of the mouth

A

extraoral radiography

79
Q

means that the film is placed within the mouth and exposed by a camera positioned next to the exterior of the cheek

A

intraoral radiography

80
Q

combination of tomography with radiation therapy to precisely target the tumor being treated

A

tomotherapy

81
Q

the visualization of body parts in motion by projection x-ray images on a luminous fluorescent screen

A

fluoroscopy

82
Q

recording of the fluoroscopy images

A

cineradiography

83
Q

the image created by ultrasonography

A

sonogram

84
Q

ultrasonic diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the structures and motion of the heart

A

echocardiography

85
Q

performed in the same way as an echocardiogram, however, this procedure measures the speed and direction of the blood flow within the heart

A

Doppler echocardiogram

86
Q

ultrasonic imaging technique used to evaluate heart structures. performed from inside the esophagus

A

transesophageal echocardiography

87
Q

radioactive substances administed for either diagnostic or treatment purposes

A

radiopharmaceuticals

88
Q

aka scintigram, diagnostic procedure that uses nuclear medicine technology

A

nuclear scan

89
Q

nuclear scanning test that identifies new areas of bone growth or breakdown

A

bone scan

90
Q

a type of nuclear imaging test that produces 3D computer-reconstructed images showing perfusion through tissues and organs aka SPECT

A

single photon emission computed tomography

91
Q

aka PET imaging, combines tomography with radionuclide traces to produce enhanced images of selected body organs or areas

A

positron emission tomography

92
Q

study of the nature, uses, and effects of drugs for medical purposes

A

pharmacology

93
Q

licensed specialist who formulates and dispenses prescribed medication

A

pharmacist

94
Q

medication that can legally be dispensed only by a pharmacist with an order from a licensed professional such as a physician or dentist

A

prescription

95
Q

ac

A

before meals

96
Q

ab lib

A

as desired

97
Q

amt

A

amount

98
Q

bid

A

twice a day

99
Q

NPO

A

nothing by mouth

100
Q

pc

A

after meals

101
Q

po

A

by mouth

102
Q

prn

A

as needed

103
Q

qh

A

every hour

104
Q

qid

A

four times a day

105
Q

Rx

A

prescription

106
Q

sig

A

to be labeled accordingly

107
Q

tid

A

three times a day

108
Q

drug usually named for its chemical structure and is not protected by a brand name or trademark

A

generic

109
Q

compulsive uncontrollable dependence on a drug alcohol, or other substances

A

addiction

110
Q

when the body has become accustomed to a medication after being on it for a length of time

A

tolerance

111
Q

aka side effect

A

adverse drug reaction

112
Q

the patient’s consistency and accuracy in following the regimen prescribed by a physician or other health care professional

A

compliance

113
Q

factor in the patient’s condition that makes the use of a medication or specific treatment dangerous or ill advised

A

contraindication

114
Q

result of drugs reacting with each other, often in ways that are unexpected or potentially harmful

A

drug interaction

115
Q

unexpected reaction to a drug that is peculiar to the individual

A

idosyncratic reaction

116
Q

substance that eases the pain or severity of the symptoms of a disease, but does not cure it

A

palliative

117
Q

result of medical treatment that yields the exact opposite of normally expected results

A

paradoxical reaction

118
Q

medication administered to prevent or reduce fever

A

antipyretic

119
Q

relieves inflammation and pain

A

anti-inflammatory

120
Q

refers to the class of drugs that relieves pain without affecting consciousness

A

analgesic

121
Q

analgesic that reduces pain and fever, but does not relieve inflammation

A

acetaminophen

122
Q

NSAIDs, analgesics administered to control pain by reducing inflammation and swelling

A

nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

123
Q

non-steroidal antiflammatory medicine that is sold over the counter under the brand names Advil and Motrin

A

ibuprofen

124
Q

aka TENS method of pain control by wearing a device that delivers small electrical impulses to the nerve ending through the skin

A

transcutaneous electronic nerve stimulation

125
Q

describes vapors and gases taken in through the nose or mouth and absorbed into the bloodstream through the lungs

A

inhalation administration

126
Q

medications taken by mouth to be absorbed through the walls of the stomach or small intestine

A

oral administration

127
Q

insertion of medication in the rectum either in the form of a suppository or a lique

A

rectal administration

128
Q

placement of medication under the tongue where it is allowed to dissolve slowly

A

sublingual administration

129
Q

liquid or ointment that is rubbed into the skin on the area to be treated

A

topical application

130
Q

medication is administered from a patch that is applied to unbroken skin

A

transdermal

131
Q

means taken into the body or administered in a manner other than through the digestive tract

A

parenteral

132
Q

made into the fatty layer just below the skin

A

subcutaneous injection

133
Q

made into the middle layers of the skin

A

intradermal injection

134
Q

made directly into muscle tissue

A

intramuscular injection

135
Q

made directly into a vein

A

intravenous injection

136
Q

abbreviation for peripherally inserted central catheter

A

PICC line

137
Q

single, concentrated dose of drug usually injected into a blood vessel over a short period of time

A

bolus

138
Q

therapies used to supplement or replace allopathic medicine

A

complementary alternative medicine

139
Q

another term for conventional or Western medicine

A

allopathic medicine

140
Q

general term for practices and systems of health care other than allopathic

A

alternative medicine

141
Q

general term for practices and systems of health care other than allopathic approaches used to supplement these treatments

A

complementary medicine

142
Q

model of health care based on both allopathic and alternative medicine

A

integrative medicine

143
Q

refers to a treatment approach that takes into consideration the whole body and its environment, including the mind, body, and spirit

A

holistic

144
Q

traditional Hindu system of medicine, emphasizing a holistic approach to prevent treatment through hygiene, exercise, herbal preparations, and yoga

A

Ayurvedic medicine

145
Q

system of ancient chinese medicinal treatments

A

traditional chinese medicine

146
Q

combination of nutrition, medicinal supplements and herbs, water therapy, etc

A

naturopathy

147
Q

involves the use of substances created from plant or mineral products diluted.

A

homeopathy

148
Q

patient guided treatment that teaches individuals to control muscle tension, pain, body temp, etc

A

biofeedback

149
Q

type of treatment in which a patient follows verbal prompts to envision a specific, peaceful location in detail

A

guided imagery

150
Q

type of therapy in which a patient is placed in a state of focused concentration and narrowed attention that makes him or her more susceptible to suggestions

A

hypnosis

151
Q

focuses on becoming aware of thoughts and emotions and their physiological responses

A

mindfulness meditation

152
Q

traditional chinese therapy involving very thin needles

A

acupuncture

153
Q

traditional chinese touch therapy involving finger pressure applied to specific areas of the body to restore the flow of qi

A

acupressure

154
Q

chinese system of movement, breathing techniques, and mediation designed to improve and enhance the flow of qi

A

Qi Gong

155
Q

system of mechanical spinal adjustments made by a chiropractor to correct biomechanical problems in the skeletal framework of the body

A

chiropractic manipulative therapy

156
Q

mechanical spinal adjustment used in conjunction with conventional medical therapies by an osteopath

A

osteopathic manipulative therapy

157
Q

use of gentle touch to help the body release tension, stress, trauma to correct restrictions resulting from stress on the central nervous system

A

craniosacral therapy

158
Q

form of massage that uses soft-tissue manipulation focusing on applying pressure to trigger points to treat injuries and alleviate pain

A

neuromuscular therapy

159
Q

ADR

A

adverse drug reaction

160
Q

bpm

A

beats per minute

161
Q

BP

A

blood pressure

162
Q

BUN

A

blood urea nitrogen

163
Q

CBC

A

complete blood count

164
Q

endo

A

endoscopy

165
Q

ESR

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate

166
Q

Hct

A

hematocrit

167
Q

RBC

A

red blood count

168
Q

RR

A

respiratory rate

169
Q

TPR

A

temperature, pulse, respiration

170
Q

WBC

A

white blood count

Medical Terminoloy (13 decks)

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