mod 4 chp 15 Flashcards
1
Q
albumin/o
A
albumin, protein
2
Q
calc/i
A
calcium, lime, the heel
3
Q
creatin/o
A
creatinine
4
Q
glycos/o
A
glucose
5
Q
lapar/o
A
abdomen, abdominal wall
6
Q
son/o
A
sound
7
Q
four key indications that the body systems are functioning
A
vital signs
8
Q
extremely high fever
A
hyperthermia
9
Q
abnormally low body temperature
A
hypothermia
10
Q
force of the blood against the walls of the arteries measured using
A
sphygmomanometer
11
Q
means listening for sounds within the body and is usually performed through a stethoscope
A
auscultation
12
Q
aka crackle, abnormal crackle-like lung sound heard through a stethoscope during inspiration
A
rale
13
Q
coarse rattling sounds that are somewhat like snoring
A
rhonchi
14
Q
abnormal, high-pitched, musical breathing sound caused by a blockage in the throat or larynx
A
stridor
15
Q
abnormal sound or murmur heard during auscultation of an artery. these sounds are usually due to a partially blocked, narrowed, or diseased artery
A
bruit
16
Q
abnormal heart sound that is most commonly a sign of defective heart valves
A
heart murmur
17
Q
aka bowel sounds, noises made by the intestines
A
abdominal sounds
18
Q
examination technique in which the examiner’s hands are used to feel texture size consistency and location of certain body parts
A
palpation
19
Q
diagnostic procedure designed to determine the quality of a body part by the sound produced by tapping the surface with the fingers
A
percussion
20
Q
an instrument used to examine the interior of the eye
A
opthalmoscope
21
Q
an instrument used to visually examine the external ear canal and tympanic membrane
A
otoscope
22
Q
instrument used to enlarge the opening of any canal or cavity to facilitate inspection of its interior
A
speculum
23
Q
instrument used to listen to sounds within the body
A
stethoscope
24
Q
describes any position in which the patient is lying down
A
recumbent
25
aka supine position, patient is lying on the back, face up
horizontal recumbent position
26
patient is lying on the back, face up, with the knees bent. used for the examination and treatment of the abdominal area and for vaginal or rectal examinations
dorsal recumbent position
27
patient is lying on the back, face up, with the feet and legs raised and supported in stirrups. used for vaginal and rectal examinations and during childbirth
lithotomy position
28
patient is lying on the abdomen face down. this position is used for the examination and treatment of the rectal area
prone position
29
patient is lying on the left side with the right knee and thigh drawn up with the left arm placed along the back. this position is used in the examination and treatment of the rectal area
sims' position
30
patient is lying face down with the hips bent so that the knees and chest rest on the table. position used for rectal examinations
knee-chest position
31
medical professional who is trained to draw blood from patients for various laboratory tests and other procedures
phlebotomist
32
tests that are frequently performed as a group on automated multi-channel laboratory testing equipment
profile
33
the puncture of a vein for the purpose of drawing blood
phlebotomy
34
puncture of an artery, usually on the inside of the wrist to obtain arterial blood
arterial stick
35
technique used when only a small amount of blood is needed as a specimen for a blood test
capillary puncture
36
series of tests performed as a group to evaluate several blood conditions
complete blood cell count
37
aka sed rate, test based on the speed with which the red blood cells separate from the plasma and fall to the bottom of a specialized test tube
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
38
describes the percentage, by volume, of a blood sample occupied by red cells
hematocrit
39
measures the number of platelets in a specified amount of blood and is a screening test to evaluate platelet function
platelet count
40
determination of the number of erythrocytes in the blood
red blood cell count
41
usually part of a complete blood count
total hemoglobin test
42
determination of the number of leukocytes in the blood. an elevated count can be an indication of infection or inflammation
white blood cell count
43
tests to see what percentage of the total white blood cell count is composed of each of the five types of leukocytes, this provides information about the patient's immune system
white blood cell differential count
44
group of eight specific blood tests that provide important information about the current status of the patient's kidneys, electrolyte balance, blood sugar, and calcium levels
basic metabolic panel
45
measures the amount of nitrogen in the blood due to the waste product urea
blood urea nitrogen test
46
performed to determine the compatibility of blood donor and the recipient before a blood transfusion
crossmatch tests
47
performed to identify high levels of inflammation within the body. obtained by the presence of the C-reative protein
C-reative protein test
48
measures the amounts of total cholesterol, etc
lipid panel
49
a test used to diagnose conditions associated with abnormalities of clotting time and to monitor anticoagulant therapy
prothrombin time
50
measures circulating blood levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone that can indicate abnormal thyroid activity
thyroid-stimulating hormone assay
51
measures the pH, oxygen, and carbon dioxide levels of arterial blood
arterial blood gas analysis
52
examination of the physical and chemical properties of urine to determine the presence of abnormal elements
urinalysis
53
reflects the amount of wastes, minerals, and solids that are present
specific gravity
54
the presence of the protein albumin in the urine
albuminuria
55
the presence of bacteria in the urine
bacteriuria
56
presence of calcium in the urine
calciuria
57
increased concentration of creatinine in the urine
creatinuria
58
rapid method of identifying the presence in the body of one or more drugs of abuse such as cocaine etc
drug-screening urine test
59
presence of glucose in the urine
glycosuria
60
the presence of blood in the urine
hematuria
61
presence of ketones in the urine
ketonuria
62
presence of pus in the urine
pyuria
63
visual examination of the interior of a body cavity
endoscopy
64
surgical procedure that is performed through very small incisions with the use of an endoscope and specialized instruments
endoscopic surgery
65
small flexible tube with a light and a lens on the end
endoscope
66
visual examination of the interior of the abdomen with the use of a laparoscope that is passed through a small incision in the abdominal wall
laparoscopy
67
surgical puncture of the abdominal cavity to remove fluid
abdominocentesis
68
surgical puncture of the joint space to remove synovial fluid
arthrocentesis
69
puncture of a chamber of the heart for diagnosis or therapy
cardiocentesis
70
puncture of the pericardial sac for the purpose of removing fluid
pericardiocentesis
71
means that the substance does not allow x-rays to pass through and appears white or light gray on the resulting film
radiopaque
72
the substance, such as air or nitrogen gas, does allow x-rays to pass through and appears black or dark gray
radiolucent
73
injected into a vein to make the flow of blood through the blood vessels and organs visible
intravenous contrast medium
74
creates an image of hard-tissue internal structures by the exposure of sensitized film to x-radiation
radiology
75
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders with x-rays and other forms of radiant energy
radiologist
76
use of radiographic imaging to guide a procedure such as a biopsy, also used to confirm the placement of an inserted object such as a stent or feeding tube
interventional radiology
77
describes the path that the x-ray beam follows through the patient's body from the entrance to the exit
radiographic projection
78
means that the film is placed and exposed outside of the mouth
extraoral radiography
79
means that the film is placed within the mouth and exposed by a camera positioned next to the exterior of the cheek
intraoral radiography
80
combination of tomography with radiation therapy to precisely target the tumor being treated
tomotherapy
81
the visualization of body parts in motion by projection x-ray images on a luminous fluorescent screen
fluoroscopy
82
recording of the fluoroscopy images
cineradiography
83
the image created by ultrasonography
sonogram
84
ultrasonic diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the structures and motion of the heart
echocardiography
85
performed in the same way as an echocardiogram, however, this procedure measures the speed and direction of the blood flow within the heart
Doppler echocardiogram
86
ultrasonic imaging technique used to evaluate heart structures. performed from inside the esophagus
transesophageal echocardiography
87
radioactive substances administed for either diagnostic or treatment purposes
radiopharmaceuticals
88
aka scintigram, diagnostic procedure that uses nuclear medicine technology
nuclear scan
89
nuclear scanning test that identifies new areas of bone growth or breakdown
bone scan
90
a type of nuclear imaging test that produces 3D computer-reconstructed images showing perfusion through tissues and organs aka SPECT
single photon emission computed tomography
91
aka PET imaging, combines tomography with radionuclide traces to produce enhanced images of selected body organs or areas
positron emission tomography
92
study of the nature, uses, and effects of drugs for medical purposes
pharmacology
93
licensed specialist who formulates and dispenses prescribed medication
pharmacist
94
medication that can legally be dispensed only by a pharmacist with an order from a licensed professional such as a physician or dentist
prescription
95
ac
before meals
96
ab lib
as desired
97
amt
amount
98
bid
twice a day
99
NPO
nothing by mouth
100
pc
after meals
101
po
by mouth
102
prn
as needed
103
qh
every hour
104
qid
four times a day
105
Rx
prescription
106
sig
to be labeled accordingly
107
tid
three times a day
108
drug usually named for its chemical structure and is not protected by a brand name or trademark
generic
109
compulsive uncontrollable dependence on a drug alcohol, or other substances
addiction
110
when the body has become accustomed to a medication after being on it for a length of time
tolerance
111
aka side effect
adverse drug reaction
112
the patient's consistency and accuracy in following the regimen prescribed by a physician or other health care professional
compliance
113
factor in the patient's condition that makes the use of a medication or specific treatment dangerous or ill advised
contraindication
114
result of drugs reacting with each other, often in ways that are unexpected or potentially harmful
drug interaction
115
unexpected reaction to a drug that is peculiar to the individual
idosyncratic reaction
116
substance that eases the pain or severity of the symptoms of a disease, but does not cure it
palliative
117
result of medical treatment that yields the exact opposite of normally expected results
paradoxical reaction
118
medication administered to prevent or reduce fever
antipyretic
119
relieves inflammation and pain
anti-inflammatory
120
refers to the class of drugs that relieves pain without affecting consciousness
analgesic
121
analgesic that reduces pain and fever, but does not relieve inflammation
acetaminophen
122
NSAIDs, analgesics administered to control pain by reducing inflammation and swelling
nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs
123
non-steroidal antiflammatory medicine that is sold over the counter under the brand names Advil and Motrin
ibuprofen
124
aka TENS method of pain control by wearing a device that delivers small electrical impulses to the nerve ending through the skin
transcutaneous electronic nerve stimulation
125
describes vapors and gases taken in through the nose or mouth and absorbed into the bloodstream through the lungs
inhalation administration
126
medications taken by mouth to be absorbed through the walls of the stomach or small intestine
oral administration
127
insertion of medication in the rectum either in the form of a suppository or a lique
rectal administration
128
placement of medication under the tongue where it is allowed to dissolve slowly
sublingual administration
129
liquid or ointment that is rubbed into the skin on the area to be treated
topical application
130
medication is administered from a patch that is applied to unbroken skin
transdermal
131
means taken into the body or administered in a manner other than through the digestive tract
parenteral
132
made into the fatty layer just below the skin
subcutaneous injection
133
made into the middle layers of the skin
intradermal injection
134
made directly into muscle tissue
intramuscular injection
135
made directly into a vein
intravenous injection
136
abbreviation for peripherally inserted central catheter
PICC line
137
single, concentrated dose of drug usually injected into a blood vessel over a short period of time
bolus
138
therapies used to supplement or replace allopathic medicine
complementary alternative medicine
139
another term for conventional or Western medicine
allopathic medicine
140
general term for practices and systems of health care other than allopathic
alternative medicine
141
general term for practices and systems of health care other than allopathic approaches used to supplement these treatments
complementary medicine
142
model of health care based on both allopathic and alternative medicine
integrative medicine
143
refers to a treatment approach that takes into consideration the whole body and its environment, including the mind, body, and spirit
holistic
144
traditional Hindu system of medicine, emphasizing a holistic approach to prevent treatment through hygiene, exercise, herbal preparations, and yoga
Ayurvedic medicine
145
system of ancient chinese medicinal treatments
traditional chinese medicine
146
combination of nutrition, medicinal supplements and herbs, water therapy, etc
naturopathy
147
involves the use of substances created from plant or mineral products diluted.
homeopathy
148
patient guided treatment that teaches individuals to control muscle tension, pain, body temp, etc
biofeedback
149
type of treatment in which a patient follows verbal prompts to envision a specific, peaceful location in detail
guided imagery
150
type of therapy in which a patient is placed in a state of focused concentration and narrowed attention that makes him or her more susceptible to suggestions
hypnosis
151
focuses on becoming aware of thoughts and emotions and their physiological responses
mindfulness meditation
152
traditional chinese therapy involving very thin needles
acupuncture
153
traditional chinese touch therapy involving finger pressure applied to specific areas of the body to restore the flow of qi
acupressure
154
chinese system of movement, breathing techniques, and mediation designed to improve and enhance the flow of qi
Qi Gong
155
system of mechanical spinal adjustments made by a chiropractor to correct biomechanical problems in the skeletal framework of the body
chiropractic manipulative therapy
156
mechanical spinal adjustment used in conjunction with conventional medical therapies by an osteopath
osteopathic manipulative therapy
157
use of gentle touch to help the body release tension, stress, trauma to correct restrictions resulting from stress on the central nervous system
craniosacral therapy
158
form of massage that uses soft-tissue manipulation focusing on applying pressure to trigger points to treat injuries and alleviate pain
neuromuscular therapy
159
ADR
adverse drug reaction
160
bpm
beats per minute
161
BP
blood pressure
162
BUN
blood urea nitrogen
163
CBC
complete blood count
164
endo
endoscopy
165
ESR
erythrocyte sedimentation rate
166
Hct
hematocrit
167
RBC
red blood count
168
RR
respiratory rate
169
TPR
temperature, pulse, respiration
170
WBC
white blood count
