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Medical Terminoloy > Mod 2 chp 4 > Flashcards

Mod 2 chp 4 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

fasci/o

A

fascia

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2
Q

ten/o, tend/o, tendin/o

A

tendons

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3
Q

-cele

A

hernia, tumor, swelling

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4
Q

fibr/o

A

fibrous tissue, fiber

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5
Q

-ia

A

abnormal condition, plural of -ium

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6
Q

kines/o, kinesi/o

A

movement

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7
Q

-plegia

A

paralysis, stroke

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8
Q

tax/o

A

coordination, order

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9
Q

ton/o

A

tone, stretching, tension

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10
Q

long slender cells that make up muscles

A

muscle fibers

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11
Q

a band of connective tissue that envelops, separates, or binds together muscles

A

fascia

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12
Q

pertaining to the muscle tissue and fascia

A

myofascial

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13
Q

a narrow band of nonelastic, dense, fibrous connective tissue that attaches a muscle to a bone.

A

tendon

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14
Q

are attached to the bones of the skeleton and make body motions possible

A

skeletal muscles

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15
Q

located in the walls of internal organs such as the digestive tract, move and control the flow of fluids through these structures

A

smooth muscles

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16
Q

form the muscular walls of the heart

A

myocardial muscles

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17
Q

the stimulation of a muscle by an impulse transmitted by a motor nerve

A

muscle innervation

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18
Q

means pertaining to the relationship between a nerve and muscle

A

neuromuscular

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19
Q

tightening of a muscle

A

contraction

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20
Q

occurs when a muscle returns to its original form

A

relaxation

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21
Q

the movement of a limb away from the midline of the body

A

abduction

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22
Q

the movement of a limb toward the midline

A

adduction

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23
Q

the act of raising or lifting a body part.

A

elevation

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24
Q

the act of lowering a body part

A

depression

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25
Q

a circular movement around an axis such as the shoulder joint

A

rotation

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26
Q

the circular movement at the far end of a limb

A

circumduction

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27
Q

decreasing the angle between two bones by bending a limb at a joint

A

flexion

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28
Q

increasing the angle between two bones or the straightening out of a limb

A

extension

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29
Q

extreme or over extension of a limb or body part beyond its normal limit

A

hyperextension

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30
Q

the act of rotating the arm or leg so that the palm of the hand or sole of the foot is turned downward or backward

A

pronation

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31
Q

the movement that bends the foot upwards at the ankle

A

dorsiflexion

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32
Q

the movement that bends the foot downward at the ankle

A

plantar flexion

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33
Q

where the muscle begins, located nearest the midline or on a less movable part of the skeleton

A

origin

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34
Q

where the muscle ends by attaching to a bone or tendon

A

insertion

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35
Q

inserts at one point of insertion into the mastoid process

A

mastoid

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36
Q

thick, fan-shaped muscle situated on the anterior chest wall

A

pectoralis major

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37
Q

toward the side (pertaining to muscle)

A

lateralis

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38
Q

the muscle toward the outer side of the leg

A

vastus lateralis

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39
Q

toward the midline (of muscle)

A

medialis

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40
Q

muscle toward the midline of the leg

A

vastus medialis

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41
Q

slanted or at an angle

A

oblique

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42
Q

straight alignment with the vertical axis of the body

A

rectus

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43
Q

ring line muscle that tightly constricts the opening of a passageway

A

sphincter

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44
Q

in a crosswise direction

A

transverse

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45
Q

aka biceps, muscle with two divisions

A

biceps brachii

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46
Q

aka triceps, three division

A

triceps brachii

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47
Q

largest muscle of the buttock

A

gluteus maximus

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48
Q

located on the shoulder, shaped like an inverted triangle

A

deltoid muscle

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49
Q

located at the back of the upper leg, consists of three separate muscles

A

hamstring group

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50
Q

muscle in the forehead, raises and lowers the eyebrows

A

frontalis

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51
Q

moves the lower jaw up and back to close the mouth

A

temporalis

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52
Q

one of the strongest muscles, moves the lower jaw up to close the mouth when chewing

A

masseter

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53
Q

in males, makes up the bulk of the chest muscles

A

pectoralis major

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54
Q

in the abdomen, flex and rotate the vertebral column, flex the torso and compress the abdomin

A

external oblique

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55
Q

in the abdomen, flex the spine, support the abdominal contents, help breathe, rotate the spine

A

internal oblique

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56
Q

moves the head and shoulder blade

A

trapezius

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57
Q

flexes the elbow, anterior upper arm

A

biceps brachii

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58
Q

posterior upper arm, extends the elbow

A

triceps brachii

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59
Q

extends the leg at the knee

A

rectus femoris

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60
Q

four muscles which flex and extend the leg at the knee

A

quadriceps femoris

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61
Q

involved in knee flexion and hip extension

A

hamstring group

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62
Q

the calf muscle that flexes the knee and bends the foot downward

A

gastrocnemius

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63
Q

a specialist who works under th supervision of a physician to develop, implement, and coordinate exercise programs, and administer medical tests to promote physical fitness

A

exercise physiologist

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64
Q

a physician who specializes in treating the causes of paralysis and similar muscular disorders

A

neurologist

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65
Q

a physician who specializes in physical medicine and rehab with the focus on restoring function

A

physiatrist

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66
Q

specializes in treating sports related injuries of the bones joints and muscles

A

sports medicine physician

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67
Q

inflammation of a fascia

A

fasciitis

68
Q

a debilitating chronic condition characterized by fatigue, diffuse or specific muscle, joint, or bone pain

A

fibromyalgia syndrome

69
Q

an inflammation of the sheath surrounding a tendon

A

tenosynovitis

70
Q

inflammation of the tendons caused by excessive or unusual use

A

tendinitis

71
Q

a disorder characterized by profound fatigue

A

chronic fatigue syndrome

72
Q

a band of fibrous tissue that holds structures together abnormally

A

adhesion

73
Q

weakness or wearing away of body tissues and structures

A

atrophy

74
Q

pain in the muscles

A

myalgia

75
Q

the herniation of muscl substance through a tear in the fascia surrounding it

A

myocele

76
Q

the degeneration of muscle tissue

A

myolysis

77
Q

rupture of a muscle

A

myorrhexis

78
Q

muscle disease characterized by the simultaneous inflammation and weakening of voluntary muscles in many parts of the body

A

polymyositis

79
Q

the loss of muscle mass, strength, and function that come with agin

A

sarcopenia

80
Q

the state of balanced muscle tension that makes normal posture, coordination and movement possible

A

muscle tone

81
Q

lacking normal muscle tone or strength

A

atonic

82
Q

a condition of abnormal muscle tone that causes the impairment of voluntary muscle movement

A

dystonia

83
Q

a condition in which there is diminished tone of the skeletal muscles

A

hypotonia

84
Q

the lack of muscle coordination during voluntary movement

A

ataxia

85
Q

the permanent tightening of fascia, muscles, tendons, ligaments, or skin that occurs when normally elastic connective tissues are replaced with nonelastic fibrous tissues

A

contracture

86
Q

pain in the leg muscles that occurs during exercise and is relieved by rest

A

intermittent claudication

87
Q

sudden, involuntary contraction of one or more muscles

A

spasm

88
Q

painful localized muscle spasm often named for its cause

A

cramp

89
Q

aka wryneck, stiff neck due to spasmodic contraction of the neck muscles that pull the head toward the affected sie

A

spasmodic torticollis

90
Q

extreme slowness in movement

A

bradykinesia

91
Q

the distortion or impairment of voluntary movement such as a tic or spasm

A

dyskinesia

92
Q

aka hyperactivity, abnormally increased muscle function or activity

A

hyperkinesia

93
Q

sudden, involuntary jerking of a muscle

A

myoclonus

94
Q

the jerking of limbs that can normally occur as a person is falling asleep

A

nocturnal myoclonus

95
Q

aka hiccups, myoclonus of the diaphram

A

singultus

96
Q

a chronic autoimmune disease that affects the neuromuscular junction and produces severe weakness of voluntary muscles

A

myasthenia gravis

97
Q

general term that describes a group of genetic diseases that are characterized by progressive weakness and degeneration of the skeletal muscles that control movement without affecting the skeletal system

A

muscular dystrophy

98
Q

a variety of muscular conditions that result from repeated motions performed in the course of normal work

A

repetitive stress disorders

99
Q

the compression of nerves and blood vessels due to swelling within the enclosed space created by the fascia that separates groups of muscles. can be caused by trauma, tight bandages or casts

A

compartment syndrome

100
Q

minor tissue injuring that have not been given time to heal

A

overuse injuries

101
Q

inflammation of tendons caused by excessive or unusual use of a joint

A

overuse tendinitis

102
Q

a chronic pain disorder that affects muscles and fascia throughout the body. caused by the development of trigger points, produces local and referred muscle pain

A

myofascial pain syndrome

103
Q

occurs when inflamed and swollen tendons are caught in the narrow space between the bones within the shoulder joint

A

impingement syndrome

104
Q

an inflammation of the tendons or the rotator cuff. aka tennis shoulder

A

rotator cuff tendinitis

105
Q

develops when rotator cuff tendinitis is left untreated or if overuse continues

A

ruptured rotator cuff

106
Q

occurs when the tendons that pass through the carpal tunnel are chronically overused and become inflammed and swollen

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

107
Q

the surgical enlargement of the carpal tunnel or cutting of the carpal ligament to relieve the pressure on tendons and nerves

A

carpal tunnel release

108
Q

a harmless fluidfilled swelling that occurs most commonly on the outer surface of the wrist

A

ganglion cyst

109
Q

inflammation of the tissues surrounding the elbow

A

epicondylitis

110
Q

a calcium deposit in the plantar fascia near its attachment to the heel

A

heel spur

111
Q

an inflammation of the plantar fascia on the sole of the foot. causes foot or heel pain when walking or running

A

plantar fasciitis

112
Q

an injury to a joint, which usually occurs when a ligament is wrenched or torn

A

sprain

113
Q

an injury to the body of the muscle or to the attachment of a tendon

A

strain

114
Q

a painful condition caused by the tibialis anterior muscle tearing away from the tibia

A

shin splint

115
Q

a strain or tear on any of the three hamstring muscles

A

hamstring injury

116
Q

a painful inflammation of the Achilles tendon caused by excessive stress

A

Achilles tendinitis

117
Q

overuse injury. caused by the iliotibial band rubbing against bone, often in the area of the knee

A

iliotibial syndrome

118
Q

the loss of sensation and voluntary muscle movements in a muscle

A

paralysis

119
Q

weakness or slight muscular paralysis

A

myoparesis

120
Q

a slight paralysis or weakness affecting one side of the body

A

hemiparesis

121
Q

total paralysis of one side of the body

A

hemiplegia

122
Q

paralysis of both legs and lower part of the body

A

paraplegia

123
Q

paralysis of all four extremities

A

quadriplegia

124
Q

paralysis of the heart muscle

A

cardioplegia

125
Q

tested with a reflex hammer that is used to strike a tendon

A

deep tendon reflexes

126
Q

a diagnostic procedure to evaluate joint mobility and muscle strength

A

range-of-motion testing

127
Q

a diagnostic test that measures the electric activity within muscle fibers in response to nerve stimulation

A

electromyography

128
Q

involves removal of a plug of tissue for examination

A

muscle biopsy

129
Q

administered to suppress smooth muscle contractions of the stomach, intestine, or bladder

A

antispasmodic

130
Q

administered to relax certain muscles and to relieve the stiffness, pain, and discomfort caused by strains, sprains, or other muscle injuries

A

skeletal muscle relaxant

131
Q

a drug that causes temporary paralysis by blocking the transmission of nerve stimuli to the muscles

A

neuromuscular blocker

132
Q

the study of the human factors that affect the design and operation of tools and the work environment

A

ergonomics

133
Q

a specialized soft-tissue manipulation technique used to ease the pain of conditions sucha s fibromyalgia

A

myofascial release

134
Q

activities to promote recovery and rehab to assist patients in performing activities of daily living

A

occupational therapy

135
Q

treatment to prevent disability or restore function

A

physical therapy

136
Q

uses high-frequency sound waves to treat muscle injuries by generating heat deep within muscle tissue. This heat eases pain, etc

A

therapeutic ultrasound

137
Q

uses a device that delivers electrical impulses through the skin, which causes changes in muscles

A

transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation

138
Q

RICE

A

rest, ice, compression, elevation

139
Q

a surgical incision though the fascia to relieve tension or pressure

A

fasciotomy

140
Q

the surgical repair of a fascia

A

fascioplasty

141
Q

the surgical suturing of the end of a tendon to a bone

A

tenodesis

142
Q

the release of a tendon from adhesions

A

tenolysis

143
Q

the surgical suturing together of the divided ends of a tendon

A

tenorrhaphy

144
Q

surgical suturing a muscle

A

myorrphaphy

145
Q

surgical incision into a muscle

A

myotomy

146
Q

ADL

A

activities of daily living

147
Q

CTS

A

carpal tunnel syndrome

148
Q

EMG

A

electromyography

149
Q

FMS

A

fibromyalgia syndrome

150
Q

hemi

A

hemiplegia

151
Q

IC

A

intermittent claudication

152
Q

MD

A

muscular dystrophy

153
Q

MG

A

myasthenia gravis

154
Q

OT

A

occupational therapist

155
Q

PM

A

polymyositis

156
Q

quad

A

quadriplegia

157
Q

RSD

A

repetitive stress disorder

158
Q

duct/o

A

to lead

159
Q

dorsi/ dors/o

A

back of body

160
Q

flex/o

A

to bend

161
Q

tens/o

A

to stretch out

162
Q

-ion

A

action

163
Q

-paresis

A

partial or incomplete paralysis

164
Q

-plegia

A

total paralysis

165
Q

para-

A

along side of

Medical Terminoloy (13 decks)

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