mod 4 chp 14 Flashcards by Genna Klassen

cervic/o

cervix

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colp/o

vagina

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-gravida

pregnant

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gynec/o

woman, female

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hyster/o

uterus

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mast/o

breast

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men/o

menstruation

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orchid/o

testicles

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ov/o

egg, ovum

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ovari/o

ovary

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-para

to give birth

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-pexy

surgical fixation

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salping/o

fallopian tube

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tes/i

testicle

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vagin/o

vagina

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organs of reproduction and their associated structures

genitalia

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external surface region in both males and females between the pubic symphysis and the coccyx

perineum

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sac-like structure that surrounds, protects, and supports the testicles

scrotum

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two small, egg shaped glands that produce the sperm

testicles

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sperm are formed within these in each testicle

seminiferous tubules

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coiled tube at the upper part of each testicle

epididymis

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extends upward from the epididymis and is attached to each testicle

spermatic cord

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male gametes

sperm

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process of sperm formation

spermatogenesis

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head of the penis

glans penis

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aka prepuce, retractable double-layer fold of skin and mucous membrane that covers and protects the glans penis

foreskin

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the long narrow continuation of each epididymis

vas deferens

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glands that secrete a thick, yellow substance to nourish the sperm cells

seminal vesicles

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begins at the vas deferens, passes through the prostate gland and empties into the urethra

ejaculatory duct

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under the bladder and surrounds the end of the urethra in the region where the vas deferens enters the urethra

prostate gland

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aka Cowper’s glands, located just below the prostate gland

bulbourethral glands

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a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the genitourinary system of males and the urinary system of females

urologist

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inflammation of the glans penis that is usually caused by poor hygiene

balanitis

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narrowing of the opening of the foreskin so it cannot be retracted to expose the glans penis

phimosis

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aka impotence

erectile dysfunction

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aka penile curvature

Peyronie’s disease

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painful erection that lasts 4 hours or more but is either not accompanied by sexual excitement

priapism

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condition in which the male reaches climax too soon

premature ejaculation

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marked by the decrease of the male hormone testosterone

andropause

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aka undescended testicle

cryptorchidism

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inflammation of the epididymis that is frequently caused by the spread of infection from the urethra or the bladder

epididymitis

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fluid-filled sac in the scrotum along the spermatic cord leading from the testicles

hydrocele

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a cyst that develops in the epididymis and is filled with a milky fluid containing sperm

spermatocele

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sharp pain in the scrotum caused by the twisting of the vas deferens and blood vessels leading into the testicle

testicular torsion

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aka orchitis, inflammation of testicles

testitis

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knot of widening varicose veins in one side of the scrotum

varicocele

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absence of sperm in the semen

azoospermia

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sperm count below 20 million/mL

oligospermia

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presence of blood in the seminal fluid

hematospermia

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testing of freshly ejaculated semen to determine the volume plus the number, shape, size, and motility of the sperm

sperm count

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surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis

circumcision

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surgical removal of one or both testicles

orchidectomy

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repair of an undescended testicle

orchiopexy

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removal of a portion of an enlarged vein to relieve a varicocele

varicocelectomy

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surgical removal or destruction of both testicles

castration

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male sterilization procedure in which a small portion of the vas deferens is surgically removed

vasectomy

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vasectomy reversal

vasovasostomy

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most common STD, highly contagious and requires early treatment with antibiotics

chlamydia

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condition in women in which there is an abnormal overgrowth of certain bacteria in the vagina

bacterial vaginosis

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itching or burning before the appearance of lesions on the genitals or rectum

genital herpes

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caused by HPV

genital warts

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highly contagious STD. in men causes painful urination and abnormal discharge

gonorrhea

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STD that is difficult to distinguish

syphilis

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one of the most common symptoms in infected women is a thin, frothy, yellow-green, foul smelling vaginal discharge

trichomoniasis

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rounded, fleshy prominence located over the pubic symphysis

mons pubis

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vaginal lips that protect the other external genitalia and the urethral meatus

labia majora and labia minora

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organ of sensitive erectile tissue located anterior to the urethral meatus and the vaginal orfice

clitoris

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produce a mucus secretion to lubricate the vagina

Bartholin’s glands

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exterior opening of the vagina

vaginal orifice

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aka milk ducts

lactiferous ducts

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pair of small almond shaped organs located in the lower abdomen one on either side of the uterus

ovaries

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fluid-filled sac containing a single ovum

follicle

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also known as eggs, the female gametes

ova

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aka uterine tubes, extend from the upper end of the uterus to a point near but not attached to an ovary

fallopian tubes

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funnel-shaped opening into the fallopian tube near the ovary

infundibulum

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fringed, finger-like extensions of this opening. catch the mature ovum when it leaves the ovary

fimbriae

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formerly known as the womb

uterus

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normal position of the uterus where the uterus is bent forward

anteflexion

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bulging, rounded part above the entrance of the fallopian tubes

fundus

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lower, narrow portion that extends into the vagina

cervix

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the tough, membranous outer layer of the uterus

perimetrium

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muscular middle layer of the uterus

myometrium

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inner layer of the uterus which consists of specialized epithelial mucosa that is rich in blood vessels

endometrium

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beginning of the menstrual function

menarche

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normal termination of the menstrual function in a woman during middle age

menopause

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term used to designate the transition phase between regular menstrual periods and no periods at all

perimenopause

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release of a mature egg from a follicle on the surface of one of the ovaries

ovulation

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secretes the hormone progesterone during the second half of the menstrual cycle

corpus luteum

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from implantation through the 8th week of pregnancy

embryo

from 9th week of pregnancy to the time of birth

fetus

from the fertilization of separate ova by separate sperm cells which develop into two separate embryos

fraternal twins

formed by the fertilization of a single egg cell by a single sperm that divides to form two embryos

identical twins

used to describe a birth involving more than two infants

multiples

thin outer membrane that encloses the embryo. it contributes to the formation of the placenta

chorion

temporary organ that forms within the uterus to allow the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and waste products between the mother and fetus without allowing maternal blood and fetal blood to mix

placenta

the placental and fetal membranes are expelled as the

afterbirth

the innermost membrane that surrounds the embryo in the uterus

amniotic sac

the tube that caries blood, oxygen, and nutrients from the placenta to the developing child

umbilical cord

aka belly button

navel

period of development of the child in the mother’s uterus

gestation or pregnancy

first movement of the fetus in the uterus that can be felt by th emother

quickening

intermittent painless uterine contractions that occur with increasing frequency as the pregnancy progresses

Braxton Hicks contractions

final stage of pregnancy just before the onset of labor

antepartum

woman who has never been pregnant

nulligravida

woman who has never borne a viable child

nullipara

woman during her first pregnancy

primigravida

a woman who has borne one viable child

primipara

a woman who has given birth two or more times

multiparous

use of an electronic device to record the fetal heart rate and the maternal uterine contractions during labor

fetal monitoring

aka crowning

cephalic presentation

after childbirth

postpartum

the time from the delivery of the placenta through approximately the first 6 weeks after the delivery

puerperium

postpartum vaginal discharge that typically continues for 4 to 6 weeks after childbirth

lochia

the return of the uterus to its normal size and former condition after delivery

uterine involution

specialized form of milk that delivers essential nutrients and antibodies in a form that the newborn can digest during the first few days after giving birth

colostrum

process of forming and secreting milk from the breasts as nourishment for the infant

lactation

mood disorder characterized by feelings of sadness and the loss of pleasure in normal activities after giving birth

postpartum depression

newborn infant

neonate

greasy substance that protects the fetus in utero

vernix

greenish material that collects in the intestine of a fetus and forms the first stools of a newborn

meconium

scale of 1 to 10 to evaluate a newborn infants physical status at 1-5 minutes after birth

Apgar score

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating diseases and disorders of the female reproductive system

gynecologist

physician who specializes in providing medical care to women during pregnancy

obstetrician

physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the newborn

neonatologist

helps infertile couples by diagnosing and treating problems associated with conception and maintaining pregnancy

infertility specialist

absence of ovulation when it would be normally expected

anovulation

inflammation of an ovary

oophoritis

originates within the cells of the ovaries, cancer

ovarian cancer

rupture of an ovary

ovariorrhexis

any inflammation of the female reproductive organs that is not associated with surgery or pregnancy

pelvic inflammatory disease

condition caused by a hormonal imbalance in which the ovaries are enlarged by the presence of may cysts formed by incompletely developed follicles

polycystic ovary syndrome

accumulation of pus in a fallopian tube

pyosalpinx

inflammation of a fallopian tube

salpingitis

condition in which patches of endometrial tissue escape the uterus and become attached to other structures in the pelvic cavity

endometriosis

abnormal discharge from the uterus

metrorrhea

involves a cancerous growth that begins in the lining of the uterus

endometrial cancer

benign tumor composed of muscle and fibrous tissue that occurs in the wall of the uterus

uterine fibroid

condition in which the uterus slides from its normal position in the pelvic cavity and sags into the vagina

uterine prolapse

second-most common cancer in women and usually affects women between the ages 45-65

cervical cancer

the presence of precancerous changes in the cells that make up the inner lining of the cervix

cervical dysplasia

inflammation of the cervix that is usually caused by an infection

cervicitis

an inflammation of the mucous membrane lining of the cervix

endocervicitis

tearing or laceration of the vaginal wall

colporrhexis

characterized by pain during sexual intercourse

dyspareunia

profuse whitish mucus discharge from the uterus and vagina

leukorrhea

aka yeast infection

vaginal candidiasis

aka colpitis, inflammation of the lining of the vagina

vaginitis

condition of severe itching of the external female fenitalia

pruritus vulvae

painful syndrome of unknown cause characterized by chronic burning, pain during sexual intercourse, itching, or stinging irritation of the vulva

vulvodynia

inflammation of the vulva

vulvitis

round, firm, rubbery mass that arises from excess growth of glandular and connective tissue in the breast

fibroadenoma

presence of single or multiple benign cysts in the breasts

fibrocystic breast disease

production of breast milk in a woman who is not breastfeeding

galactorrhea

pain in the breast

mastalgia

breast infection that is caused by bacteria that enter the breast tissue, most frequently during breastfeeding

mastitis

abnormal absence of menstrual periods for 90 days or more

amenorrhea

pain caused by uterine cramps during a menstrual period

dysmenorrhea

condition characterized by abnormal bleeding often due to an imbalance in hormone level changes

dysfunctional uterine bleeding

aka menorrhagia, excessive amount of menstrual flow over a period of more than 7 days

hypermenorrhea

unusually small amount of menstrual flow during a shortened regular menstrual period

hypomenorrhea

aka intermenstrual bleeding, excessive uterine bleeding at both the usual time of menstrual periods and at other irregular intervals

menometrorrhagia

term used to describe infrequent or very light menstruation

oligomenorrhea

occurrence of menstrual cycles more frequently than is normal

polymenorrhea

condition in which the ovaries cease functioning before age 40 years due to disease, a hormonal disorder, or surgical removal

premature menopause

group of symptoms experienced by some women within the 2 week period before menstruation

premenstrual syndrome

condition associated with severe emotional and physical problems that are closely linked to the menstrual cycle, symptoms occur regularly in the second half of the cycle and end when menstruation begins shortly thereafter

premenstrual dysphoric disorder

extrauterine pregnancy

ectopic pregnancy

aka toxemia, complication of pregnancy characterized by hypertension, edema, and proteinuria

preeclampsia

more serious form of preeclampsia

eclampsia

defines the presence or absence of the Rh antifen on the red blood cells

Rh factor

disorder in which the placenta separates from the uterine wall before the birth of the fetus

abruptio placentae

occurs when the buttocks or feet of the fetus are positioned to enter the birth canal first

breech presentation

abnormal implantation of the placenta in the lower portion of the uterus

placenta previa

aka preemie

premature infant

birth of a fetus that died before or during delivery

stillbirth

direct visual examination of the tissues of the cervix and vagina

colposcopy

small amount of the tissue from the lining of the uterus is removed for microscopic examination

endometrial biopsy

radiographic examination of the uterus and fallopian tubes

hysterosalpingography

visual examination of the interior of the uterus and fallopian tubes

hysteroscopy

exfoliative biopsy of the cervix

pap smear

performed between 11 and 13 weeks of pregnancy, aka combined screening

first trimester screening

examination of cells retrieved from the chorionic villi

chorionic villus sampling

surgical puncture with a needle to obtain a specimen of amniotic fluid

amniocentesis

radiographic study to measure the dimensions of the pelvis to evaluate its capacity to allow passage of the fetus through the birth canal

pelvimetry

barrier contraceptive that prevents the sperm from reaching and fertilizing the egg

diaphragm

molded plastic contraception inserted through the cervix into the uterus to prevent pregnancy

intrauterine device

the use of female hormones estrogen and progestin to replace those the body no longer produces during and after perimenopause

hormone replacement therapy

aka ovariectomy, surgical removal of one or both ovaries

oophorectomy

surgical removal of one or both fallopian tubes

salpingectomy

surgical removal of a fallopian tube and ovary

salpingo-oophorectomy

surgical sterilization procedure in which the fallopian tunes are sealed or cut to prevent sperm from reaching a mature ovum

tubule ligation

aka vaginofixation, surgical fixation of a prolapsed vagina to a surrounding structure such as the abdominal wall

colpopexy

aka cone biopsy, surgical removal of a cone shaped specimen of tissue from the cervix

conization

surgical suturing of a tear in the vagina

colporrhaphy

surgical procedure in which the cervix is dilated and the endometrium of the uterus is scraped away

dilation and curettage

the surgical removal of uterine fibroids

myomectomy

surgical removal of the uterus

hysterectomy

commonly performed to treat uterine cancer, procedure includes the surgical removal of the ovaries and fallopian tubes, the uterus and cervix, plus nearby lymph nodes

radical hysterectomy

general term for a cosmetic operation on the breasts

mammoplasty

mammoplasty performed to increase breast size

breast augmentation

called a breast lift, a mammoplasty to affix sagging breasts in a more elevated position

mastopexy

aka c-section

cesarean section

surgical incision made into the perineum to enlarge the vaginal orifice to prevent tearing of the tissues as the infant moves out of the birth canal

episiotomy

surgical suturing to repair an episiotomy

episiorrhaphy

apparatus for maintaining an environment of controlled temperature, etc

incubator

aka intrauterine insemination

artificial insemination

AMA

advanced maternal age

artificial insemination

ART

assisted reproductive technology

IVF

in vitro fertilization

AMN

amniocentesis

bacterial vaginosis

cesarean section

HRT

hormone replacement therapy

HPV

human papillomaviruses

HSG

hysterosalpingography

HYS

hysteroscopy

IUD

intrauterine device

L & D

labor and delivery

PID

pelvic inflammatory disease

PMS

premenstrual syndrome

Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

mod 4 chp 14 Flashcards

Brainscape's Knowledge Genome^TM