mod 2 chp 6 Flashcards
1
Q
meta-
A
beyond
2
Q
neo-
A
new, strange
3
Q
adenoid/o
A
adenoids
4
Q
axill/o
A
armpit
5
Q
cervic/o
A
neck
6
Q
immun/o
A
protected
7
Q
inguin/o
A
groid
8
Q
lymph/o
A
lymph
9
Q
lymphoaden/o
A
lymph nodes
10
Q
lymphangio/o
A
lymph vessels
11
Q
lymphocyto/o
A
lymphocyte
12
Q
onc/o
A
tumor
13
Q
phag/o
A
to eat or destroy
14
Q
splen/o
A
spleen
15
Q
thym/o
A
thymus
16
Q
-plasm
A
formation
17
Q
specialized structures of the lymphatic system that absorb those fats that cannot be transported by the bloodstream
A
lacteals
18
Q
aka intercellular fluid, plasma from arterial blood that flows out of the arterioles and into the capillaries, and then flows into the spaces between the cells of the tissues
A
interstitial fluid
19
Q
the remaining 10% of returning interstitial fluid. clear, watery fluid containing electrolytes and proteins
A
lymph
20
Q
aka secondary circulatory system
A
lymphatic circulatory system
21
Q
microscopic, blind ended tubes located near the surface of the body with capillary walls that are only one cell in thickness
A
lymphatic capillaries
22
Q
lymph flows from the lymphatic capillaries into progressively larger
A
lymphatic vessels
23
Q
collects lymph from the right side of the head and neck, the upper right quadrant of the body, and the right arms. Empties into the right subclavian vein
A
right lymphatic duct
24
Q
the largest lymphatic vessel in the body, collects lymph from the left side of the head and neck, the upper left quadrant of the trunk, the left arm, and both legs
A
thoracic duct
25
small, bean shaped, contains specialized lymphocytes that care capable of destroying pathogens
lymp node
26
located along the sides of the neck
cervical lymph nodes
27
located under the arms in the armpit area
axillary lymph nodes
28
located in the inguinal are of the lower abdomen
inguinal lymph nodes
29
leukocytes that are formed in bone marrow aka lymphoid cells
lymphocytes
30
play an important role in the killing of cancer cells and cells infected by viruses (type of lymphocyte)
natural killer cells
31
specialized lymphocytes that produce antibodies. Each makes a specific antibody, most effective against viruses and bacteria in the blood
B cells
32
develop from B cells and secrete a large volume of anitbodies
plasma cells
33
belong to a group of leukocytes. originate in the thymus
T cells
34
a group of proteins such as interferons and interluekins released primarily by the T cells. act as intracellular signals to begin the immune respond
cytokines
35
are produced in response to the presence of antigens, particularly viruses or tumor cells. activate the immune system, fight virus by slowing or stopping their multiplication and signal other cells to increase their defenses
interferons
36
play multiple roles in the immune system, including directing B and T cells to divide and proliferate
interleukins
37
three masses of lymphoid tissue that form a protective ring around the back of the nose and upper throat
tonsils
38
aka nasopharyngeal tonsils, located in upper part of the pharynx
adenoids
39
located on the left and right sides of the troat
palatine tonsils
40
located at the base of the tongue, not readily visible
lingual tonsils
41
a mass of lymphoid tissue located above the heart
thymus
42
hangs from the lower portion of the cecum
vermiform appendix
43
sac like mass that filters blood, breaks down blood, and stores rbc
spleeen
44
wraps the body in a physical barrier to prevent invading organisms from entering the body
intact skin
45
aka immune reaction, involves binding antigens to antibodies
antigen-antibody reaction
46
any substance that the body regards as being foreign
antigen
47
an acquired unresponsiveness to a specific antigen. also decline in responsiveness to a drug
tolerance
48
a disease fighting proteins created by the immune system in response to the presence of a specific antigen
antibody
49
bind with specific antigens in the antigen-antibody response
immunoglobulins
50
specialized leukocytes that act as part of the a-a reaction by destroying substances by the process of phagocytosis
phagocytes
51
leukocytes that provide immunological defenses. macrophages derive from them after thye leave the bloodstream and enter into the tissue
monocytes
52
type of wbc that surrounds and kills invading cells. also remove dead cells and stimulate the action of other immune cells
macrophages
53
specialized wbc that patrol the body searching for antigens. grabs it, swallows it, and alerts B and T cells
dendritic cells
54
a grop of proteins that normally circulate in the blood in an inactive form. these cells complement the ability of antibodies to ward off pathogens by combing with them to dissolve and remove pathogenic bacteria and other foreign cells
the complement systen
55
the state of being resistant to a specific disease
immunity
56
aka passive immunity, resistance without administration of an antigen or exposure
natural immunity
57
obtained as having had a contagious diseases or being vaccinated
acquired immunity
58
specializes in diagnosing and treating conditions like allergic reactions
allergist
59
specialized in diagnosing and treating disorders of the immune system
immunologist
60
a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the lymphatic system
lymphologist
61
a physician specializing in the diagnosing and treatment of tumours and cancers
oncologist
62
aka swollen glands, inflammation of the lymph nodes
lymphadenitis
63
any disease process affecting a lymph node
lymphadenopathy
64
a benign tumor formed by an abnormal collection of lymphatic vessels due to a congenital malformation
lymphangioma
65
an abnormal enlargement of the spleen
slenomegaly
66
bleeding from the spleen
splenorrhagia
67
a diagnostic test that is performed to detect damage or malformations of the lymphatic vessels. radiographic substance is injected into the ducts
lymphoscintigraphy
68
swelling of the tissues due to an abnormal accumulation of lymph
lymphedema
69
hereditary condition of the lymphatic system that develops with swelling in the feel and progressing into the ankles and upward.
primary lymphedema
70
caused by damage to lymphatic vessels
secondary lymphedema
71
a noninvasive method of diagnosing lymphedema by measuring electrical resistance in a limb
bioimpedance spectroscopy
72
occurs when the body's immune system reacts to a harmless allergen
allergic reaction
73
aka hypersensitivity, overreaction by the body to an antigen
allergy
74
a substance that produces an allergic raction
allergen
75
aka immune serum, are used as a postexposure preventative measure against certain virus, ex rabies
synthetic immunoglobulins
76
used in the treatment of multiple sclerosis, hep c and some cancers
synthetic interferon
77
any class of antibodies produced in the laboratory by the identical offspring of a clone of specific cells. used to enhance a patient's immune response
monoclonal antibodies
78
treatment to repress or interfere with the ability of the immune system to respond to stimulation by antifens
immunosuppression
79
a substance that prevents or reduces the body's normal immune response
immunosuppressant
80
a hormone-like preparation administered primarily as an anti-infammatory immunosuppressant
corticosteroid drug
81
a medication that kills or damages cells, used as immunosuppressants or as antineoplastics
cytotoxic drug
82
a microorganism that causes a disease in humans
pathogen
83
one celled microscopic organism
bacteria
84
rod-shaped spore-forming bacterial
bacilli
85
contagious diease that can be transmitted through livestock infected. spores grown in laboratories have been used in biological warfare
anthrax
86
a small bacterium that lives in lice, fleas, ticks, and mites. Rocky Mountain spotted fever is caused by it when transmitted by the bite of an infected tick
rickettsia
87
long, slender spiral shaped bacteria that have flexible walls and are capable of movement
spirochetes
88
caused by a spirochete. can affect the joints, heart, and central nervous system. transmitted by bite from infected tick
lyme disease
89
group of 30 species that form groups or clusters
staphylococci
90
a form of staphylococci that often infects wounds and causes serious problems such as toxic shock syndrome or food poisoning
staphylococcus aureus
91
bacteria that form a chain
streptococci
92
serious condition that occurs when an overwhelming bacterial infection affects the body. toxins that are released by pathogens can produce direct tissue damage
septic shock
93
occur when antibiotics fail to kill all of the bacteria they target and the next generation is more resistant
antibiotic-resistant bacteria
94
aka MRSA
Methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus
95
a simple parasitic organism
fungus
96
aka athletes foot
Tinea pedis
97
a type of fungus
yeast
98
aka yeast infection
candidiasis
99
a plant or animal that lives on or within another living organism
parasite
100
caused by a parasite that lives in certain mosquitoes and is transferred to humans by the bite of an infected mosquito
malaria
101
another example of a parasite that is most commonly transmitted by pets to humans by contact with contaminated animal feces. pregnant women can transfer the disease to their babies
toxoplasmosis
102
spreads to humans by mosquito. severe form spreads to the spinal cord and brain
West Nile virus
103
very small infectious agents that live only by invading other cells
viruses
104
aka flu, highly contagious viral respiratory infection that usually occurs seasonallty
influenza
105
acute, highly contagious infection that is transmitted by respiratory droplets of the rubeola virus. serious complications can include photophobia
measles
106
aka german measles, viral infection that is characterized by the low-grade fever, inflammed eyes, and a fine pink rash
Rubella
107
acute viral infection that is characterized by swelling of the parotid glands
mumps
108
an acute viral infection that is transmitted to humans through the bite or saliva of an infected animal
rabies
109
found in most body fluids, present as a silent infection, but can become serious with a weakened immune system
cytomegalovirus
110
aka chicken pox
varicella
111
aka shingles
herpes zoster
112
aka mono
infectious mononucleosis
113
medications capable of inhibiting or killing pathogenic bacterial microorganisms
antibiotics
114
a substance that causes death of bacteria
bactericide
115
an agent that destroys or inhibits the growth of fungi
antifungal
116
used to treat viral infections or provide temporary immunity, ex acyclovir
antiviral drug
117
study of the prevention, causes, and treatment of tumors and cancer
oncology
118
an abnormal growth of body tissue
tumor or neoplasm
119
a benign tumor made up of muscle tissue
myoma
120
a malignant tumor derived from muscle tissue
myosarcoma
121
the processes through which a tumor supports its growth by creating its own blood supply
angiogenesis
122
a form of treatment that disrupts the blood supply to the tumor
antiangiogenesis
123
a class of diseases characterized by the uncontrolled division of cells
cancer
124
the process by which cancer spreads from one place to another
metastasize
125
the new cancer site that results from the spreading process
metastasis
126
a malignant tumor that occurs in epithelial tissue
carcinoma
127
a malignant tumor in its original position
carcinoma in situ
128
any one of a large group of carcinomas derived from glandular tissue
adenocarcinoma
129
a malignant tumor that arises from connective tissues
sarcoma
130
a hard-tissue sarcoma that usually involves the upper shaft of long bones
osteosarcoma
131
a tumor of the tissues surrounding a synovial joint
synovial sarcoma
132
the process of classifying tumors by how far the disease has progressed
staging
133
a general term applied to malignacies affecting lymphoid tissues
lymphoma
134
distinguished by the presence of large cancerous lymphocytes known as Reed-Sternberg cells
Hodgkin's lymphoma
135
term used to describe all other lymphomas
Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma
136
a carcinoma that develops from the cells of the breast
breast cancer
137
breast cancer at its earliest stage before the cancer has broken through the wall of the milk duct
ductal carcinoma in situ
138
starts in the milk duct, breaks through the wall of that duct, and invades the fatty breast tissue
infiltrating ductal carcinoma
139
cancer that starts in the milk glands, breaks through the wall of the gland, and invades the fatty tissue. once it reaches the lymph nodes it can spread to distant parts of the body
infiltrating lobular carcinoma
140
a rare but aggressive form of breast cancer. grows rapidly, can only be detected by magnetic resonance imaging
inflammatory breast cancer
141
a radiographic examination of the breasts to detect the presence of tumors
mammography
142
an initial follow-up test when an abnormality is found by a mammography
ultrasound
143
a technique in which an x-ray guided needle is used to remove small samples of tissue from the breast
needle breast biopsy
144
the removal of a small piece of tissue for examination to confirm a diagnosis
surgical biopsy
145
a surgical procedure in which all of the lymph nodes in a major group are removed to determine or slow the spread of cancer
lymph node dissection
146
the surgical removal of only the cancerous tissue and the surrounding margin of normal tissue
lumpectomy
147
the surgical removal of the entire breast and nipple
mastectomy
148
the surgical removal of an entire breast and many of the surrounding tissues
radical mastectomy
149
the surgical removal of the entire breast and all of the axillary lymph nodes under the adjacent arm
modified radical mastectomy
150
the use of chemical agents and drugs in combinations to destroy malignant cells and tissues
chemotherapy
151
the use of natural or synthetic substances such as drugs or vitamins to reduce the risk of developing cancer
chemoprevention
152
a medication that blocks the development, growth, or proliferation of malignant cells
antineoplastic
153
destroying only the cancerous tissues while sparing healthy tissues. a method of treating some cancers
radiation therapy
154
the use of radiactive materials in contact with or implanted into the tissues to be treated
brachytherapy
155
radiation therapy administered at a distance from the body
teletherapy
156
developing form of anti-cancer drug therapy that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack specific cancer cells without harming normal cells
targeted therapy
157
after the primary cancer treatments have been completed to decrease the chance that a cancer will recur, this therapy is used
adjuvant therapy
158
testing new and promising cancer treatments that have not yet recieved FDA approval
clinical trials
159
A, Ab
antibody
160
AG, Ag
antigen
161
CA, Ca
carcinoma
162
CIS
carcinoma in situ
163
DCIS
ductal carcinoma in situ
164
HZ
herpes zoster
165
HL
hodgkin's lymphoma
166
IG
immunoglobulin
167
LE
lymphedema
168
MMR
measles, mumps, and rubella vaccination
169
MET
metastasis
170
met
metastasize
171
NHL
non-hodgkin's lymphoma
172
VSZ
varicella
