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Medical Terminoloy > mod 4 chp 12 > Flashcards

mod 4 chp 12 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

cutane/o

A

skin

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2
Q

derm/o, dermat/o

A

skin

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3
Q

hidr/o

A

sweat

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4
Q

hirsut/o

A

hairy, rough

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5
Q

kerat/o

A

horny, hard

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6
Q

lip/o

A

fat

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7
Q

onych/o

A

fingernail or toenail

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8
Q

pil/i, pil/o

A

hair

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9
Q

rhytid/o

A

wrinkle

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10
Q

seb/o

A

sebum

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11
Q

urtic/o

A

rash, hives

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12
Q

xer/o

A

dry

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13
Q

make up of the skin and its related structures

A

integumentary system

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14
Q

secrete sebum that lubricates the skin and discourages the growth of bacteria

A

sebaceous glands

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15
Q

help regulate body temperature by secreting sweat

A

sweat glands

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16
Q

protect the dorsal surface of the last bone of each toe and finger

A

nails

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17
Q

means pertaining to the skin

A

cutaneous

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18
Q

outermost layer of the skin

A

epidermis

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19
Q

form a protective covering for all of the internal and external surfaces of the body

A

epithelial tissues

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20
Q

forms the upper layer of the epidermis

A

squamous epithelial tissue

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21
Q

lowest layer of the epidermis

A

basal layer

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22
Q

fibrous, water-repellent protein

A

keratin

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23
Q

special cells that are also found in the basal cell layer. produce and contain a dark brown to black pigment called melanin

A

melanocytes

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24
Q

the pigment that determines the color of the skin

A

melanin

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25
Q

aka corlum, thick layer of living tissue directly below the epidermins

A

dermis

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26
Q

means glue, tough yet flexible fibrous protein material found in the skin

A

collagen

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27
Q

found in the connective tissue of the dermis, respond to injury, infection, or allergy by producing and releasing substances including heparin and histamine

A

mast cells

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28
Q

released in response to an injury, which is an anticoagulant

A

heparin

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29
Q

released in response to allergens, causes the signs of allergic reactions

A

histamine

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30
Q

located just below the layers of the skin that connects the skin to the surface muscles

A

subcutaneous layer

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31
Q

aka fat cells

A

lipocytes

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32
Q

located in the dermis layer of the skin and are closely associated with hair follicles

A

sebaceous glands

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33
Q

an oily substance released through ducts opening into the hair follicels

A

sebum

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34
Q

aka sudoriferous glands

A

sweat glands

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35
Q

openings on the surface of the skin that act as the ducts of the sweat glands

A

pores

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36
Q

aka sweat

A

perspiration

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37
Q

the production and excretion of perspiration

A

hidrosis

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38
Q

rod-like structures composed of tightly fused, dead protein cells filled with hard keratin

A

hair

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39
Q

sacs that hold the root of the hair fibers

A

hair follicles

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40
Q

tiny muscle fibers attached tot he hair follicles that cause the hair to stand erect

A

arrector pili

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41
Q

commonly known as fingernail or toenail

A

unguis

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42
Q

pale half moon shaped region at every nail root

A

lunula

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43
Q

narrow band of epidermis attached to the surface of the nail just in front of the root, protecting new keratin cells as they form

A

cuticle

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44
Q

fastens the nail to the finger or toe by fitting into a groove in the skin

A

nail root

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45
Q

a physician who specializes in diagnosing and treating disorders of the skin

A

dermatologist

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46
Q

physician who specializes in the surgical restoration and reconstruction of the body structures

A

plastic surgeon

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47
Q

commonly known as acne

A

acne vulgaris

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48
Q

noninfected lesion formed by the buildup of sebum and keratin in a hair follicle, often associated with acne vulgaris. aka whitehead or blackhead

A

comedo

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49
Q

closed sac associated with a sebaceous gland that is found just under the skin. contain yellow, fatty material

A

sebaceous cyst

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50
Q

overactivity of the sebaceous glands that results in the production of an excessive amount of sebum

A

seborrhea

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51
Q

inflammation sometimes resulting from seborrhea that causes scaling and itching of the upper layers of the skin or scalp. dandruff is a form

A

seborrheic dermatitis

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52
Q

benign skin growth that has a waxy or pasted-on look

A

seborrheic keratosis

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53
Q

abnormal condition of lacking sweat in response to heat

A

anhidrosis

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54
Q

profuse sweating

A

diaphoresis

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55
Q

aka prickly heat, intensely itchy rash caused by blockage of the sweat glands by bacteria and dead cells

A

heat rash

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56
Q

condition of excessive sweating in one area or over the whole body

A

hyperhidrosis

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57
Q

commonly known as night sweats, occurrence of hyperhidrosis during sleep

A

sleep hyperhidrosis

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58
Q

inflammation of the hair follicles

A

folliculitis

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59
Q

superficial bacterial infection of the hair shafts in areas with extensive sweat glands, such as the armpits

A

trichomycosis axillaris

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60
Q

presence of excessive body and facial hair in women

A

hirsutism

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61
Q

aka baldness, the partial complete loss of hair, most commonly on the scalp

A

alopecia

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62
Q

autoimmune disorder that attacks the hair follicles, causing well-defined bald areas on the scalp or elsewhere on the body

A

alopecia areata

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63
Q

uncommon condition characterized by the loss of all hair on the scalp

A

alopecia totalis

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64
Q

total loss of hair on all parts of the body

A

alopecia universalis

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65
Q

condition in which the hair thins in the front and on the sides of the scalp and sometimes on the crown, rarely leads to total hair loss

A

female pattern baldness

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66
Q

common hair-loss pattern in men with the hairline receding from the front of the back until only a horseshoe shaped area of hair remains in the back and at the temples

A

male pattern baldness

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67
Q

abnormal curving of the nails that is often accompanied by enlargement of the fingertips

A

clubbing

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68
Q

aka spoon nail

A

koilonychia

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69
Q

aka onychitis, inflammation of the matrix of the nail that often results in the loss of the nail

A

onychia

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70
Q

commonly known as ingrown toenail

A

onychocryptosis

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71
Q

fungal infection of the nail

A

onychomycosis

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72
Q

means nail biting or nail eating

A

onychophagia

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73
Q

an acute or chronic infection of the skin fold around a nail

A

paronychia

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74
Q

discoloration caused by sun exposure

A

age spots

75
Q

genetic condition characterized by a deficiency or the absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and irises of the eyes

A

albinism

76
Q

pigmentation disorder characterized by brownish spots on the face. can occur during pregnancy

A

chloasma

77
Q

skin condition resulting from the destruction of the melanocytes due to unknown causes

A

vitiligo

78
Q

injuring to the underlying tissues without breaking the skin and is characterized by discoloration and pain

A

contusion

79
Q

aka bruise, large, irregular area of purplish discoloration due to bleeding under the skin

A

ecchymosis

80
Q

appearance of multiple purple discolorations on the skin caused by bleeding underneath the skin. smaller than an ecchymosis and larger than petechiae

A

purpura

81
Q

very small, pinpoint hemorrhages that are less than 2 mm in diameter. sometimes result from high fevers

A

petechiae

82
Q

swelling of clotted blood trapped in the tissues

A

hematoma

83
Q

pathologic change of the tissues due to disease or injury

A

lesion

84
Q

aka scab, collection of dried serum and cellular debris

A

crust

85
Q

the wearing away of a surface such as the epidermis of the skin or the outer layer of a mucus membrane

A

erosion

86
Q

discolored flat spot that is less than 1 cm in diameter

A

macule

87
Q

solid, raised skin lesion that is larger than .5 cm in diameter and deeper than a papule

A

nodule

88
Q

small, raised red lesion that is less than .5 cm in diameter and does not contain pus. ex small insect bites

A

papule

89
Q

scaly, solid raised area of closely spaced papules

A

plaque

90
Q

flakes or dry patches made up of excess dead epidermal cells

A

scales

91
Q

aka warts, small, hard skin lesions caused by HPV

A

verrucae

92
Q

aka welt, small bump that itches

A

wheal

93
Q

closed pocket containing pus that is caused by a bacterial infection

A

abscess

94
Q

means producing or containing pus

A

purulent

95
Q

fluid, such as pus, that leaks out of an infected wound

A

exudate

96
Q

abnormal sac containing gas, fluid, or a semisolid material

A

cyst

97
Q

small, circumscribed lesion containing pus. aka pimple

A

pustule

98
Q

small blister, less than .5 cm in diameter, containing watery fluid

A

vesicle

99
Q

large blister that is usually more than .5 cm in diameter

A

bulla

100
Q

injury in which superficial layers of skin are scraped or rubbed away

A

abrasion

101
Q

groove or crack-like break in the skin

A

fissure

102
Q

torn or jagged wound, accidental cut wound

A

laceration

103
Q

aka bedsore. open lacerated wound that is caused by prolonged pressure on an area of skin

A

pressure sore

104
Q

deep hole made by a sharp object such as a rust nail or ice pick

A

puncture wound

105
Q

open lesion of the skin or mucous membrane resulting in tissue loss around the edges

A

ulcer

106
Q

aka moles

A

pigmented birthmarks (nevi)

107
Q

aka strawberry birthmark, soft, raised, pink or red vascular birthmark

A

capillary hemangioma

108
Q

flat vascular birthmark made up of dilated blood capillaries, creating a large, reddish purple discoloration on the face or neck, this type of birthmark will not resolve without treatment

A

port-wine stains

109
Q

describes an inflammation of the skin

A

dermatitis

110
Q

localized allergic response caused by contact with an irritant, such as diaper rash

A

contact dermatitis

111
Q

aka atopic dermatitis, persistent or recurring dermatitis

A

eczema

112
Q

condition in which there is widespread scaling of the skin

A

exfoliative dermatitis

113
Q

aka itching

A

pruritus

114
Q

redness of the skin due to capillary dilation

A

erythema

115
Q

abnormal redness of the entire skin surface

A

erythroderma

116
Q

widespread rash, usually in children

A

exanthem

117
Q

general term used to denote skin lesions or eruptions of any type that are not associated with inflammation

A

dermatosis

118
Q

group of hereditary disorders characterized by dry, thicked, and scaly skin

A

ichthyosis

119
Q

aka painful fat syndrome, chronic abnormal condition that is characterized by the accumulation of fat and fluid in the tissues just under the skin of the hips and legs

A

lipedema

120
Q

common skin disorder characterized by flare-ups in which red papules covered with silvery scales occur on the elbows, knees, scalp, back, or buttocks

A

psoriasis

121
Q

aka adult acne, characterized by tiny red pimples and broken blood vessels

A

rosacea

122
Q

aka bulbous nose

A

rhinophyma

123
Q

autoimmune disorder in which the connective tissues become thickened and hardened, causing the skin to become hard and swollen

A

scleroderma

124
Q

aka hives, itchy wheals caused by an allergic reaction

A

urticaria

125
Q

excessively dry skin

A

xeroderma

126
Q

cluster of connected furuncles

A

carbuncle

127
Q

acute, rapidly spreading bacterial infection within the connective tissues that is characterized by malaise, swelling, warmth, and red streak

A

cellulitis

128
Q

aka boils, large, tender, swollen areas caused by a staph infection around hair follicles or sebaceous glands

A

furuncles

129
Q

tissue necrosis, commonly caused by a loss of circulation to the affected tissues

A

gangrene

130
Q

highly contagious bacterial skin infection that commonly occurs in children

A

impetigo

131
Q

severe infection caused by Group A strep bacteria, aka flesh eating bacteria

A

necrotizing fasciitis

132
Q

any acute, inflammatory, pus-forming bacterial skin infection such as impetigo

A

pyoderma

133
Q

describes any abnormal condition or disease caused by a fungus

A

mycosis

134
Q

fungal infection that can grow on the skin, hair, or nails. aka ringworm

A

tinea

135
Q

dwelling of microscopic parasites on external surface tissue

A

infestation

136
Q

infestation with lice

A

pediculosis

137
Q

skin infection caused by and infestation of itch mites

A

scabies

138
Q

thickening of part of the skin on the hands or feet caused by repeated rubbing

A

callus

139
Q

normal scar resulting from the healing of a wound

A

cicatrix

140
Q

tissue that normally forms during the healing of a wound

A

granulation tissue

141
Q

general term used to describe a small, knot-like swelling of granulation tissue in the epidermis

A

granuloma

142
Q

abnormally raised or thickened scar that expands beyond the boundaries of the original incision

A

keloid

143
Q

any skin growth, such as a wart or a callus, in which there is overgrowth and thickening of the skin

A

keratosis

144
Q

benign, slow-growing fatty tumor located between the skin and muscle layer

A

lipoma

145
Q

aka mole, small, dark, skin growth that develops from meanocytes

A

nevus

146
Q

atypical moles that can develop into skin cancer

A

dysplastic nevi

147
Q

benign, superficial wart-like growth on the epithelial tissue elsewhere in the body, such as in the bladder

A

papilloma

148
Q

a mushroom like growth

A

polyp

149
Q

small, flesh colored or light brown polyps

A

skin tags

150
Q

precancerous skin growth that occurs on sun-damaged skin.

A

actinic keratosis

151
Q

malignant umor of the basal cell layer

A

basal cell carcinoma

152
Q

originates as a malignant tumor of the scaly squamous cells of the epithelium

A

squamous cell carcinoma

153
Q

type of skin cancer that occurs in the melanocytes

A

malignant melanoma

154
Q

technique in which cells are scraped from the tissue and examined under a microscope

A

exfoliative cytology

155
Q

the destruction of tissue by burning

A

cauterization

156
Q

aka chemical peel, the use of chemicals to remove the outer layers of skin

A

chemabrasion

157
Q

the destruction of abnormal tissue cells, such as warts or tumors, through the application of extreme cold

A

cryosurgery

158
Q

removal of material from the surface by scaping

A

curettage

159
Q

removal of dirt, foreign objects, damaged tissue, and cellular debris from a wound to prevent infection and to promote healing

A

debridement

160
Q

procedure, pressurized fluid is used to clean out wound debris

A

irrigation and debridement

161
Q

form of abrasion involving the use of a revolving wire brush or sandpaper

A

dermabrasion

162
Q

surgical technique in which tissue is destroyed using an electric spark

A

electrodestruction

163
Q

technique used to treat various types of skin cancer, individual layers of cancerous tissue are removed and examined under a microscope one at a time until a margin that is clear of all cancerous tissue has been achieved

A

Mohs’ surgery

164
Q

class of chemical compounds derived from vitamin A that are used in skin care and treatment because of their effect on epithelial cell growth

A

retinoids

165
Q

aka lid lift, surgical reduction of the upper and lower eyelids by removing sagging skin

A

blepharoplasty

166
Q

form of soft-tissue augmentation used to soften facial lines or scars, or to make lips appear fuller

A

collagen replacement therapy

167
Q

aka a skin graft

A

dermatoplasty

168
Q

use of electric current to destroy hair follicles in order to produce the relatively permanent removal of undesired hair

A

electrolysis

169
Q

surgical removal of fat from beneath the skin to improve physical appearance

A

lipectomy

170
Q

surgical removal of fat beneath the skin with the aid of suction

A

liposuction

171
Q

aka facelift

A

rhytidectomy

172
Q

treatment of spider veins by injecting a saline sclerosing solution into the vein

A

sclerotherapy

173
Q

BCC

A

basal cell carcinoma

174
Q

caut

A

cauterization

175
Q

Ecz, Ez

A

eczema

176
Q

I&D

A

irrigation and debridement

177
Q

MM

A

malignant melanoma

178
Q

NF

A

necrotizing fasciitis

179
Q

PDT

A

photodynamic therapy

180
Q

Ps

A

psoriasis

181
Q

SCD

A

scleroderma

182
Q

SCC

A

squamous cell carcinoma

183
Q

SC, subq

A

subcutaneous

184
Q

SLE

A

systemic lupus erythematosus

Medical Terminoloy (13 decks)

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