Mod 9 JPG Chapter 11 - Designing Behavioral Comparisons

Question 1

The key to identifying the effects of the _____________________ in a study or clinical evaluation is making sure that the only thing that differs between an experimental/treatment condition and its matching control condition is the presence of this factor.

[Hint: 2 words]

Answer 1

IV

Question 2

The experimental condition may also be referred to as the:

dependent variable condition
control condition
intervention condition
baseline condition

Answer 2

intervention condition

Question 3

When the factors that make up a phase are not the specific focus of the researcher’s interest, it is called:

a within subject design
a control condition
a treatment condition
an experimental condition

Answer 3

a control condition

Question 4

The control condition serves two purposes. The first is to establish general conditions under which participants will behave. What is its second purpose?

It provides the researchers with an opportunity to measure the accuracy of the independent variable.
It isolates the dependent variable so that it cannot be influenced by extraneous factors.
It controls for all of the factors in the experimental condition that are not the independent variable.

Answer 4

It controls for all of the factors in the experimental condition that are not the independent variable.

Question 5

In order to serve as an effective control condition, the baseline conditions must run throughout the:

intervention condition
dependent variable condition
experimental control
first phase change

Answer 5

intervention condition

Question 6

The control condition is often presented before the experimental condition for all of the following reasons, except:

It provides a better comparison between the two conditions than if the order was reversed.
It can be extended until the data are stable and everything appears to be working as intended.
It can be used to fine tune the general preparation early in the project.

Answer 6

It provides a better comparison between the two conditions than if the order was reversed.

Question 7

If an experiment starts with a treatment condition instead of a control condition, the treatment condition should be labeled as:

B
A
It depends on how many conditions there are.
C

Answer 7

A

Question 8

Suppose that every time Terra watches a horror movie, she has a nightmare that same evening. Also suppose that she never has a nightmare except when she watches a horror movie. This example demonstrates a(n) ____________________________ between watching horror movies and having nightmares.

[Hint: 2 words]

Answer 8

functional relation

Question 9

The problems that investigators are likely to find when attempting to adjust experimental control fall into what three general categories?

Answer 9

adjustments in how the target behavior is measured and defined; modifications in specific features of the control and independent variable conditions; unanticipated extraneous variables intruding on control and experimental conditions

Question 10

______________________ is the extent to which the independent variable is consistently implemented as designed.

[Hint: 2 words]

Answer 10

treatment integrity

Question 11

Researchers manage extraneous variables in each of the following ways, except:

Accept them as intrinsic and explain their possible effects in the discussion.
Evaluate them directly through experimental manipulations.
Eliminate them entirely.
Hold them constant across conditions.

Answer 11

Accept them as intrinsic and explain their possible effects in the discussion.

Question 12

__________________ is useful because it helps the researcher to assess the reliability of the original findings, or the extent to which they might be obtained under somewhat different conditions.

Answer 12

replication

Question 13

The form of replication that stems from the steady state strategy is:

replication across research literatures
replication across trials
replication across sessions
replication of entire studies

Answer 13

replication across sessions

Question 14

What are the two general kinds of information that the different types of replication provide?

The generality and validity of the findings.
The validity and reliability of the findings.
The reliability and generality of the findings.
The believability and generality of the findings.

Answer 14

The reliability and generality of the findings.

Question 15

Replications are more likely to be needed for the following reasons, except:

The replication will be relatively easy to do.
The existing literature on the topic is small or weak.
The groups’ behavior did not support the original hypothesis.
There are obvious alternative explanations for the effects.

Answer 15

The groups’ behavior did not support the original hypothesis.

Question 16

As long as an evaluation is done well, data from ___________ participant(s) are necessary to justify conclusions that have as much chance of being true as when the data represent the behavior of additional individuals.

Answer 16

one

Question 17

Pia is a BCBA practitioner and she has developed a treatment protocol for reducing a problem behavior with one of her clients. Which of the following should Pia consider before implementing her treatment?

Could there could be sequence effects that impact responding?
How can extraneous factors be controlled?
How can implementation be arranged so it isolates the effects of the treatment?

Answer 17

All of these are important considerations for clinical interventions.

Question 18

Replication has to do with repeating ___
and reproduction refers to repeating ____
.

Answer 18

procedures

results