Mod 13 CHH 6 Constructing and Interpreting Graphic Displays of Behavioral Data

Question 1

The quantitative results of deliberate, planned, and usually controlled observation are called:

reliability
data
validity
experimental control

Answer 1

data

Question 2

Behavior analysts use a systematic form of examination known as visual analysis to interpret graphically displayed data.

True
False

Answer 2

True

Question 3

Which of the following are benefits of graphing data?

Graphs provide an ongoing visual record of a client’s behavior allowing for continual assessment of the behavior.
Continual contact with the data in an easily analyzable format allows the researcher/practitioner to follow the leads suggested by the data.
Graphs help people interpret behavior.
Graphs facilitate communication between the researcher/practitioner, the client, and other involved parties.
Graphs encourage independent judgement and interpretation of the data.

Answer 3

all of the above

Question 4

Which is NOT a format for the graphic display of data used in applied behavior analysis?

line graph
bar graph
cumulative record
polygraph

Answer 4

polygraph

Question 5

What is the most commonly used graphic format for the display of data in applied behavior analysis?

bar chart
semi-log chart
cumulative graph
line graph

Answer 5

line graph

Question 6

In applied behavior analysis, each data point on a line graph shows:

the rate of a behavior
the dependent variable in relation to the independent variable
the average amount of behavior occurring at a specified point in time and under certain environmental conditions
the level of a quantifiable dimension of the target behavior in relation to a specified point in time and the environmental condition in effect when the measure was taken

Answer 6

the dependent variable in relation to the independent variable

the level of a quantifiable dimension of the target behavior in relation to a specified point in time and the environmental condition in effect when the measure was taken

Question 7

On most line graphs, the passage of time is marked:

in equal intervals on the vertical axis
in equal intervals on the horizontal axis
by scaling the y axis proportionally
by scaling the x axis proportionally

Answer 7

in equal intervals on the horizontal axis

Question 8

What is created by connecting successive data points within a given phase or condition with a straight line?

horizontal axis
trend line
data path
vertical axis

Answer 8

data path

Question 9

Multiple data paths can be used to show concurrent measures of:

the same behavior of two or more participants
the same behavior under different conditions
covariation of two or more different behaviors
two or more dimensions of the same behavior

Answer 9

all of the above

Question 10

The maximum number of data paths that can be effectively displayed on one set of axes is:

4
there is no rule
3
5

Answer 10

there is no rule

Question 11

Which type of graph is more likely to mask important variability in the data?

cumulative graph
line graph
semilog chart
bar chart

Answer 11

bar chart

Question 12

Which type of graph would best summarize performance of a group of subjects during different conditions?

bar chart
semilog chart
cumulative graph
line graph

Answer 12

bar chart

Question 13

When the number of responses recorded during each observation is added to the total number of responses recorded previously, a ________________ is produced.

cumulative record
line graph
bar graph
semilog chart

Answer 13

cumulative record

Question 14

Which of the following is true of the cumulative record?

summarize and compare large amounts of data
the steeper the slope, the higher the response rate
all behavior changes of equal proportion are shown by equal vertical distances
shows how much changes in the value of the variable depicted on one axis correlate with changes in the value of the variable represented by the other axis

Answer 14

the steeper the slope, the higher the response rate

Question 15

Equal RELATIVE changes in performance are represented by equal distances on a(n):

histogram
bar graph
ratio chart
line graph

Answer 15

ratio chart

Question 16

Which type of graph would best show a doubling of response rate over time?

cumulative graph
bar chart
ratio chart
line graph

Answer 16

ratio chart

Question 17

A Standard Celeration Chart is an example of a(n):

cumulative graph
semilog chart
histogram
line graph

Answer 17

semilog chart

Question 18

Precision Teaching is predicated on the position that:

learning occurs through proportional changes
past changes in performance predict future learning
frequency of correct and incorrect responses demonstrates learning
learning is best measured as a change in response rate

Answer 18

learning occurs through proportional changes
past changes in performance predict future learning
learning is best measured as a change in response rate

Question 19

A graphic display that shows the relative distribution of individual measures in a data set with respect to the variables depicted by the x- and y- axes and on which data points are not connected is called:

scatterplot
cumulative record
line graph
standard celeration chart

Answer 19

scatterplot

Question 20

Scatterplots can be used for which of the following?

to show how much changes in the value of a variable correlate with changes in the value of another variable
to show relationships among different subsets of data
to discover the temporal distribution of a target behavior
to analyze how the frequency of behavior changes over time

Answer 20

to show how much changes in the value of a variable correlate with changes in the value of another variable

to show relationships among different subsets of data

to discover the temporal distribution of a target behavior

Question 21

Which of the following are conditions under which data points should NOT be connected?

when a significant span of time has passed during which behavior was not measured
when they fall on either side of a condition change line
when data are not collected every day
when a data point is an outlier

Answer 21

when a significant span of time has passed during which behavior was not measured

when they fall on either side of a condition change line

Question 22

To make a graph more attractive and easier to read, the behavior analyst should use a different color for each data path.

True
False

Answer 22

False

Question 23

Visual analysis is conducted in order to:

determine if the behavior changed in a meaningful way
determine if the behavior change is correlated with an environmental change
if the behavior changed, can the cause of the change be accurately determined
if behavior changed, determine to what extend the change can be attributed to the independent variable

Answer 23

determine if the behavior changed in a meaningful way

if behavior changed, determine to what extend the change can be attributed to the independent variable

Question 24

Which of the following should be considered when conducting visual analysis within conditions?

level
variability
the number of data points
trend

Answer 24

all of the above

Question 25

One should continue a condition to collect more data when:

when the behavior has not occurred
a high degree of stability is evident
the same condition has been repeated during the study
the results are not similar to the results of previous studies

Answer 25

the results are not similar to the results of previous studies

Question 26

The value on the vertical axis scale around which a set of repeated measures converge is called:

variability
trend
magnitude
level

Answer 26

level

Question 27

Which level line is preferred when representing the central tendency of a series of data points showing considerable variability?

median
modal
mean
mode

Answer 27

median

Question 28

Another name for a “line of progress” is:

mean level line
condition change line
median level line
trend line

Answer 28

trend line

Question 29

Visual analysis between phases or conditions involves comparing:

changes in direction or slope of trends
level, trend, and stability across similar conditions
changes in overall level of performance
differences in the data points just before and just after phase change lines

Answer 29

all of the above