Mod 13 JPG Chapter 14 - Graphical Analysis of Behavioral Data

Question 1

In an attempt to avoid biases and preconceptions, an analytical style known as ________________ may be used to focus on discovering order and structure in the data.

confirmatory data analysis
logarithmic analysis
linear analysis
exploratory data analysis

Answer 1

exploratory data analysis

Question 2

When attempting to determine which calculations or kinds of graphs might highlight suspected features, one can look at the _______
and _________ of responding as each phase unfolds.

Answer 2

ebb
flow

Question 3

In general, it is a good idea for data analysis to proceed from ________ techniques to
_______ procedures.

Answer 3

relatively simple
more complex

Question 4

Summarizing data within participants may occur in which two ways?

The investigator may summarize data across participants or environmental variables.
The investigator may summarize data over periods of time or across studies.
The investigator may summarize data across environmental variables or over periods of time.
The investigator may summarize data over periods of time or across participants.

Answer 4

The investigator may summarize data across environmental variables or over periods of time.

Question 5

A collation of data across participants should not occur until:

the interobserver agreement score is at an acceptable level
data collection has been completed
the data analysis on each individual’s responding is complete
any data that is not representative has been discarded

Answer 5

the data analysis on each individual’s responding is complete

Question 6

When should data be discarded?

when the data do not provide a clear understanding of why the specific target behavior is occurring
when data are known to violate basic standards of measurement or are not collected under intended conditions
data should never be discarded
when the data do not support the researcher’s original hypothesis of how responding should appea

Answer 6

when data are known to violate basic standards of measurement or are not collected under intended conditions

Question 7

All of the following are acceptable reasons for discarding data, except:

the equipment being used to measure responding malfunctioned
the independent variable was not presented as originally intended
the investigator does not agree with what the data are indicating

Answer 7

the investigator does not agree with what the data are indicating

Question 8

In behavior analysis, the horizontal axis on line graphs typically represents measures of _________________.

Answer 8

time

Question 9

In behavior analysis, the vertical axis on line graphs customarily represents the ________________________. (Hint 2 words)

Answer 9

dependent variable

Question 10

________________ scales allow descriptions of events that show how much they differ in terms of equal ratios between values.

[Hint: 2 words]

Answer 10

logarithmic interval

Question 11

In determining how to examine data on the horizontal axis, the investigator first must decide what unit of time is most appropriate. In general, the _________________ the unit of time, the more variability will be seen.

Answer 11

smaller

Question 12

When data contain one or two outliers, the investigator should do what to the vertical axis?

Discard the outliers and place the remaining data in the graph.
Change the values on the vertical axis to accommodate the outliers and keep them in the correct spatial relation to the remaining values.
Insert a break in the vertical axis to accommodate those data points and not have to compress the scale for the remaining values.
Select values that will display the majority of the data points and then include a note that tells the observer about the outliers.

Answer 12

Change the values on the vertical axis to accommodate the outliers and keep them in the correct spatial relation to the remaining values.

Question 13

The rule for whether you draw a line connecting a Tuesday data point to a Thursday data point when there was no observation on Wednesday is: if the behavior could have occurred but was not observed _____ the data points. If the behavior could not have occurred ______ the data points:

Answer 13

connect
do not connect

Question 14

What makes the cumulative recorder valuable is not so much the cumulative picture it creates but the fact that it locates individual responses on a horizontal axis representing:

count
time
celeration
percent of scored intervals

Answer 14

time

Question 15

Summarizing data across participants is problematic because:

A group “effect” not found in individual records should not be considered a sole result of treatment.
There is no such thing as a “group” organism.
There are limits of what can be said based on group data.
All of the above are problematic limitations.

Answer 15

All of the above are problematic limitations.

Question 16

The more an analytical technique changes the picture of the behavioral results as they actually happened, the greater the risk the interpretations are swayed more by the _____
than by _______.

Answer 16

technique
results

Question 17

Although two different graphical analyses of the same data set may be constructed correctly, they would likely evoke different ______________________ from viewers.

interpretations of results
target behavior definitions
calculations
journal publication decisions

Answer 17

interpretations of results

Question 18

Not all data are worthy of:

accumulation
collection
analysis
recording

Answer 18

analysis

Question 19

Data points should _______ (be, not be) connected across phase changes.

Answer 19

not be

Question 20

In a cumulative graph, successive data points can never go ____________ on the vertical axis.

Answer 20

lower

Question 21

Every data point from every participant is not equally ________________.

Answer 21

important