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B22 > Mod 11 CHH 10 > Flashcards

Mod 11 CHH 10 Flashcards

1
Q

In a between-groups experiment, an initial _______________ of the dependent variable is obtained for all participants in the study before the IV is introduced to the experimental group.

trial
measure
change
sample

A

measure

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2
Q

In between-groups research, data analysis includes:

-applying various statistical tests
-comparing individual -subjects data to the group data
-calculating the mean and standard deviation
-visual analysis

A

-applying various statistical tests
-calculating the mean and standard deviation

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3
Q

Group data (the average performance of all the subjects) accurately represents the performance of the individual subjects in the study.

True
False

A

False

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4
Q

Looking at the performance of a group of subjects may result in:

variability being “cancelled out” by statistical manipulation
variability in the data being hidden
a clear understanding of why variability in the data occurs

A

variability being “cancelled out” by statistical manipulation
variability in the data being hidden

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5
Q

Skinner (1938) said that researchers must demonstrate behavior-environment relationships at the level of the individual organism or they risk:

conducting science as an actuarial statistician
discovering real behavioral processes
conducting science as the investigator of behavior
discovering synthetic phenomena that represent mathematical processes

A

conducting science as an actuarial statistician

discovering synthetic phenomena that represent mathematical processes

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6
Q

Between-groups designs lose the power of replicating effects within and across individual subjects.

True
False

A

True

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7
Q

The overall performance of groups is not an appropriate area of study for applied behavior analysis.

True
False

A

False

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7
Q

While flexibility in experimental designs is important, which of the following are reason why being familiar with the most commonly used tactics are important?

-It’s best to just use the experimental designs and tactics you have learned about.
-Examining specific examples of isolated experimental tactics and their application is an important step in learning the principles that guide the selection of analytic tactics leading to effective experimental designs.
-There are no rules of experimental design so it’s not necessarily important to learn about commonly used tactics; you can make your own rules!
-The vast majority of studies that have advanced our field feature one or more of these analytic tactics.

A

-Examining specific examples of isolated experimental tactics and their application is an important step in learning the principles that guide the selection of analytic tactics leading to effective
-The vast majority of studies that have advanced our field feature one or more of these analytic tactics.

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8
Q

An experiment designed to identify the active elements of a treatment package and if each element is necessary and sufficient is called:

treatment integrity
component analysis
multiple baseline
alternating treatments

A

component analysis

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9
Q

Which of the following contribute to an experimental design’s strength?

-the extent to which it controls for confounding variables
-the extent to which repeated manipulation of the independent variable produces a consistent pattern of behavior
-the extent to which the results show stable, steady states of behavior
-the extent to which it demonstrates a reliable effect

A

-the extent to which it controls for confounding variables
-the extent to which repeated manipulation of the independent variable produces a consistent pattern of behavior
-the extent to which it demonstrates a reliable effect

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10
Q

Instead of “control of behavior,” the phrase should be “control of __________________.”

environment
response
pattern
confounding variables

A

environment

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11
Q

To control the effects of any variable, the researcher attempts to:

conduct an IOA
hold it constant
check the social validity
manipulate it as an IV

A

hold it constant

manipulate it as an IV

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12
Q

Which of the following terms describes the extent to which an experiment convincingly shows that changes in behavior are a function of the independent variable and not the result of other unknown variables?

replication validity
external validity
internal validity
social validity

A

internal validity

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13
Q

Which is NOT a source of confounding variables?

measurement system
setting
dependent variable
independent variable

A

dependent variable

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14
Q

Which of the following are variables regarding the subject that can confound the results in a study?

-maturation
-events that occur outside the experimental setting
-repeated measurement
-similarity in relevant characteristics across subjects

A

maturation

events that occur outside the experimental setting

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15
Q

Which of the following describes “bootleg” reinforcement?

-when subjects no longer prefer an item that was previously used as a reinforcer
-when subjects receive reinforcement outside of the context of the study
-when subjects have access to the same items or events that are used as putative reinforcers in a study in a context outside of the study
-when subjects smuggle their own preferred items into a study context

A

-when subjects have access to the same items or events that are used as putative reinforcers in a study in a context outside of the study

16
Q

Which is NOT a source of confounding related to measurement of the dependent variable?

practice effects
reactivity
replication
observer drift

A

replication

17
Q

A measure of the extent to which the baseline and actual application of the independent variable are correctly implemented over the course of an experiment is called:

procedural fidelity
social validity
procedural validity
application integrity

A

procedural fidelity

18
Q

The term that refers to the extent to which the independent variable is implemented as planned is called treatment:

integrity
validity
bias
drift

A

integrity

19
Q

When the way that the independent variable is implemented changes over the course of an experiment, this is called:

treatment drift
maturation
training integrity
implementation validity

A

treatment drift

20
Q

Which of the following are ways that Wolf (1978) recommended that social validity be assessed?

the appropriateness of the intervention
the social significance of the behavior change goals
the effectiveness of the intervention
the social importance of the results

A

the appropriateness of the intervention
the social significance of the behavior change goals
the social importance of the results

21
Q

When determining the socially valid behavior change goals, what approach(es) did Van Houten (1979) recommend?

assess the performance of persons considered competent
ask the client (or their caregiver) what their goals are
experimentally manipulate different levels of performance to determine empirically which produces optimal results
choose the average performance of most people

A

assess the performance of persons considered competent

experimentally manipulate different levels of performance to determine empirically which produces optimal results

22
Q

Which of the following are common ways behavior analysts assess the social acceptability of interventions?

providing a choice of treatment options

questionnaires

rating scales

using concurrent chains experimental designs to assess preference

comparing the intervention to best practices

A

all of the above

23
Q

Which of the following are methods used by applied behavior analysts to assess the social validity of outcomes?

consumer opinion

real-world test

expert evaluation

normative comparison

standardized tests

A

all of the above

24
Q

What term refers to the degree to which a functional relationship generalizes to other conditions?

experimental validity
internal validity
external validity
social validity

A

external validity

25
Q

External validity is a matter of degree.

True
False

A

True

26
Q

The proper inferences that can be made from a group-design study are from ____ to _______.

A

sample
population

27
Q

The purpose of replication of experiments is to establish:

social validity
external validity
treatment integrity
internal validity

A

external validity

28
Q

In which type of replication does the researcher make every attempt to duplicate exactly the conditions of an earlier experiment?

indirect
direct
intrasubject
systematic

A

direct

29
Q

Which type of replication involves the same subjects?

intrasubject
systematic
direct
intersubject

A

intrasubject

30
Q

Which type of replication constitutes a defining characteristic of behavior analytic research?

direct
intrasubject
intersubject
systematic

A

intrasubject

31
Q

In which type of replication are the conditions of interest purposefully varied?

direct
indirect
intrasubject
systematic

A

systematic

32
Q

Which type of replication provides information on both the reliability and generality of the phenomena under study?

direct
indirect
intrasubject
systematic

A

systematic

33
Q

The generality of research findings is established in behavior analytic research through:

social validity
internal validity
replication of experiments
generalization

A

replication of experiments

34
Q

Which of the following does NOT require close examination to determine if an analysis of behavior has been made?

experimental design
measurement system
control of confounding variables
subjects

A

subjects

35
Q

According to the text, which is NOT a heading under which questions could be asked when evaluating a published experiment?

experimental protocol
external validity
internal validity
social validity

A

experimental protocol

36
Q

A Type II error is made when:

A

a functional independent variable is disregarded as ineffective.

37
Q

What is it called when the scientist affirms that a variable is a functional one and it is not?

A

a Type I error

B22 (30 decks)

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