Mod 11 Example of Reversal Design (Kelley et al.)

Question 1

Several types of problematic behavior occur in children with severe burns. These include

disfigurement
low fluid intake
tantrums
all of the above

Answer 1

tantrums

Question 2

Staff problems arise while caring for burned children. One reason for staff problems is

noise level of screaming in work setting
multiple types of treatment involved
behavior problems exhibited by these children
long work hours

Answer 2

noise level of screaming in work setting

Question 3

Burned children’s crying behavior results in

modified treatment
peer attention
more pain monitoring by the patient
delay of treatment

Answer 3

delay of treatment

Question 4

One early study (1980) combined 2 experimental designs. These included

multiple baseline and A-B-A
changing criteria and differential reinforcement
B-A-B and multiple baseline across behaviors
alternating treatment and reversal

Answer 4

multiple baseline and A-B-A

Question 5

The experimental design used in this study was

B-A-B
alternating treatments
A-B-A-B
multi-element

Answer 5

A-B-A-B

Question 6

The 2 elements devised by Kelley et al. (1984) for treating burned children included

2 differential reinforcement procedures
2 primary reinforcers
noncontingent positive attention from adults and contingent attention from nurses
2 conditioned reinforcers

Answer 6

2 conditioned reinforcers

Question 7

Which of these functioned as dependent variables for this study?

duration of different types of pain behavior
scores on self-assessment arousal scale
verbal and nonverbal indications of pain
duration of exposure to the independent variable

Answer 7

verbal and nonverbal indications of pain

Question 8

The independent variables in this study were:

therapist reprimands
praise from parent(s)
hydrotherapy and occupational therapy
cartoon viewing and gold stars

Answer 8

cartoon viewing and gold stars

Question 9

Why did the experimenters limit withdrawal of independent variable for no more than single sessions at a time?

children’s medical conditions
children were unable to tolerate it for long durations
ethical constraints
legal constraints

Answer 9

ethical constraints

Question 10

What data recording method was used in this study? (Look at this carefully! Many, many students get this answer wrong.)

event recording
30-min time sampling
continuous 30-s intervals
partial-interval 30 s

Answer 10

partial-interval 30 s

Question 11

How was cartoon viewing time measured?

5 consecutive seconds during a 30-s interval
every viewing occurrence during a 30-s interval
5 consecutive seconds with eyes open toward TV within a 30-s interval
children’s responses after each TV session

Answer 11

5 consecutive seconds with eyes open toward TV within a 30-s interval

Question 12

What was the label for the y-axis on the children’s graphs?

sessions
percent pain intervals
baseline
0-100

Answer 12

percent pain intervals

Question 13

What was the label for the x-axis of the children’s graph?

sessions
0-100
percent pain intervals
TV and feedback

Answer 13

sessions

Question 14

In what condition did the highest percentage of pain intervals occur for Melissa?

none of these
A1
B1
A2

Answer 14

A1

Question 15

Melissa’s highest percentage of pain intervals was
83%
90%
93%
80%

Answer 15

83%

Question 16

Beth’s lowest percentage of pain intervals (discounting the 0% in A1) were

1% and 7%
1% and 12%
10% and 12%
3% and 5%

Answer 16

1% and 7%

Question 17

Using A1-B1-A2-B2 description of the conditions/sessions for Melissa’s treatment, during which condition/session did percent of pain intervals decrease most significantly?

A2
A1
B2
B1

Answer 17

B2

Question 18

What was the range of percent of pain intervals during second treatment for Beth?

32-52%
68-28%
12-56%
25-68%

Answer 18

12-56%

Question 19

The goal of this study was to offer the child a nonpunitive ___________ pain behavior.

avoidance of
reinforcer for
alternative to
escape from

Answer 19

alternative to

Question 20

According to the procedure described in the article, which of the following would earn a star for the child?

good behavior
25% less pain behavior than last 2 days of baseline
continuous cartoon viewing/ treatment session
decreased rates of negative interactions with parents

Answer 20

25% less pain behavior than last 2 days of baseline

Question 21

The treatment approach in this article involved component procedures. (Select all that apply.)

complex
basic
respondent
operant

Answer 21

respondent
operant