Mod 10 Bailey & Burch Part 2, Section 7 - Identify the Appropriate Research Design

Question 1

What types of research designs should beginning researchers focus on using?

combination design
multielement design
multiple-baseline design
reversal design

Answer 1

multiple-baseline design
reversal design

Question 2

Which of the following describe the purpose(s) of a single-subject research design?

-to experimentally manipulate events to rule out alternative explanations
-to demonstrate a cause-effect relationship between an environmental event and the resulting behavior
-to demonstrate a functional relationship between an event and a target behavior
-to show a statistically significant effect

Answer 2

-to experimentally manipulate events to rule out alternative explanations
-to demonstrate a cause-effect relationship between an environmental event and the resulting behavior
-to demonstrate a functional relationship between an event and a target behavior

Question 3

How is a functional relationship demonstrated in an experimental arrangement?

-when there is a correlation between a behavior and an environmental event
-when a behavior occurs after an environmental event
-when an intervention is effective
-when a behavior is methodically turned on and off by the implementation and removal of a contingency

Answer 3

-when a behavior is methodically turned on and off by the implementation and removal of a contingency

Question 4

What is the goal of baseline logic?

variability
predictability
trend
bounce

Answer 4

predictability

Question 5

How long should the baseline condition last?

-until behavior is trending away from the desired measure
-until behavior is predictable
-until behavior reaches a steady state
-for 5 days

Answer 5

-until behavior is predictable
-until behavior reaches a steady state

Question 6

Variability is not a nuisance to be eliminated; rather, it is the heart of human behavior.

True
False

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Demonstrating the effects of an intervention on a participant one time is enough.

True
False

Answer 7

False

Question 8

How are conclusions about the findings of a study reached?

by visual analysis
by the journal review process
through replication
through statistical analysis

Answer 8

-by visual analysis
-by the journal review process
-through replication

Question 9

Which of the following are examples of exploratory methods or “weak” designs?

AB designs
ABC designs
case studies
reversal designs

Answer 9

AB designs
ABC designs
case studies

Question 10

Which of the following should be considered before choosing a reversal design?

-the amount of time available for the study
-the reversibility of the behavior
-if the study will be published
-whether the removal of the intervention will be harmful

Answer 10

-the reversibility of the behavior
-whether the removal of the intervention will be harmful

Question 11

Which of the following behaviors could be reversible?

playing piano
reading a book
completing homework assignments every night
manding for drinks

Answer 11

completing homework assignments every night

Question 12

Which of the following describes a behavior that is NOT reversible?

a functional skill
a behavioral cusp
a behavior that, once taught, will come into contact with existing reinforcers
an acquisition behavior

Answer 12

all of the above

Question 13

Which one of the following designs is/are considered one of the most powerful demonstrations of experimental control?

ABAB
AB
BAB
ABA

Answer 13

ABAB

Question 14

Which of the following are examples of a reversal design?

AB
ABC
ABAB
ABA

Answer 14

ABAB
ABA

Question 15

Why is the ABA design frequently NOT used in clinical settings?

-It’s too complicated.
-It’s too short of a design.
-There are ethical implications to withdrawing treatment.
-It doesn’t include replication.

Answer 15

-There are ethical implications to withdrawing treatment.
-It doesn’t include replication.

Question 16

When might one use a BAB design?

-because it’s a unique design
-when it’s urgent to start treatment
-the behavior of interest is already being treated
-anecdotal evidence indicates that a current treatment is effective

Answer 16

-the behavior of interest is already being treated
-anecdotal evidence indicates that a current treatment is effective

Question 17

Why is the ABAB design so powerful in demonstrating experimental control?

the baseline condition occurs twice
it does not start with treatment
it has four conditions
the replication of both the baseline and treatment conditions

Answer 17

the replication of both the baseline and treatment conditions

Question 18

What precautions regarding stability must be taken to ensure the persuasiveness of a reversal design?

-each condition must run until stability
-each condition must contain at least 5 data points
-data can be trending but it must be in the opposite direction of expected treatment effects
-one or two data points in each condition is sufficient

Answer 18

-each condition must run until stability
-data can be trending but it must be in the opposite direction of expected treatment effects

Question 19

For a convincing demonstration of experimental control to be shown, what must be replicated?

trend
participants
effect
procedure

Answer 19

effect
procedure

Question 20

Generally speaking, a reversal design is NOT a good design for which of the following?

applied settings
comparing multiple treatments
multiple participants
many conditions

Answer 20

comparing multiple treatments

Question 21

The beginning of a reinforcement condition represents what changes in the environment?

-no changes in the environment
-the reinforcer is introduced
-tokens are presented
-the contingency of reinforcement is established

Answer 21

-the reinforcer is introduced
-the contingency of reinforcement is established

Question 22

Another way to conduct a reversal design is to run a condition instead of a return-to-baseline.

treatment
differential reinforcement of other behavior
non-contingent reinforcement
negative reinforcement

Answer 22

differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)

non-contingent reinforcement

Question 23

Which of the following describes multiple-baseline designs?

must have three conditions
can be used across behaviors, participants, or settings
most versatile design
includes a return-to-baseline condition

Answer 23

can be used across behaviors, participants, or settings

most versatile design

Question 24

Which of the following describe ways that interventions can be applied in multiple-baseline designs?

reversible treatment
moving treatment
permanent treatment
cumulative treatment

Answer 24

moving treatment

cumulative treatment