Mod 10 Bailey & Burch Part 2, Section 7 - Identify the Appropriate Research Design Flashcards
What types of research designs should beginning researchers focus on using?
combination design
multielement design
multiple-baseline design
reversal design
multiple-baseline design
reversal design
Which of the following describe the purpose(s) of a single-subject research design?
-to experimentally manipulate events to rule out alternative explanations
-to demonstrate a cause-effect relationship between an environmental event and the resulting behavior
-to demonstrate a functional relationship between an event and a target behavior
-to show a statistically significant effect
-to experimentally manipulate events to rule out alternative explanations
-to demonstrate a cause-effect relationship between an environmental event and the resulting behavior
-to demonstrate a functional relationship between an event and a target behavior
How is a functional relationship demonstrated in an experimental arrangement?
-when there is a correlation between a behavior and an environmental event
-when a behavior occurs after an environmental event
-when an intervention is effective
-when a behavior is methodically turned on and off by the implementation and removal of a contingency
-when a behavior is methodically turned on and off by the implementation and removal of a contingency
What is the goal of baseline logic?
variability
predictability
trend
bounce
predictability
How long should the baseline condition last?
-until behavior is trending away from the desired measure
-until behavior is predictable
-until behavior reaches a steady state
-for 5 days
-until behavior is predictable
-until behavior reaches a steady state
Variability is not a nuisance to be eliminated; rather, it is the heart of human behavior.
True
False
True
Demonstrating the effects of an intervention on a participant one time is enough.
True
False
False
How are conclusions about the findings of a study reached?
by visual analysis
by the journal review process
through replication
through statistical analysis
-by visual analysis
-by the journal review process
-through replication
Which of the following are examples of exploratory methods or “weak” designs?
AB designs
ABC designs
case studies
reversal designs
AB designs
ABC designs
case studies
Which of the following should be considered before choosing a reversal design?
-the amount of time available for the study
-the reversibility of the behavior
-if the study will be published
-whether the removal of the intervention will be harmful
-the reversibility of the behavior
-whether the removal of the intervention will be harmful
Which of the following behaviors could be reversible?
playing piano
reading a book
completing homework assignments every night
manding for drinks
completing homework assignments every night
Which of the following describes a behavior that is NOT reversible?
a functional skill
a behavioral cusp
a behavior that, once taught, will come into contact with existing reinforcers
an acquisition behavior
all of the above
Which one of the following designs is/are considered one of the most powerful demonstrations of experimental control?
ABAB
AB
BAB
ABA
ABAB
Which of the following are examples of a reversal design?
AB
ABC
ABAB
ABA
ABAB
ABA
Why is the ABA design frequently NOT used in clinical settings?
-It’s too complicated.
-It’s too short of a design.
-There are ethical implications to withdrawing treatment.
-It doesn’t include replication.
-There are ethical implications to withdrawing treatment.
-It doesn’t include replication.
When might one use a BAB design?
-because it’s a unique design
-when it’s urgent to start treatment
-the behavior of interest is already being treated
-anecdotal evidence indicates that a current treatment is effective
-the behavior of interest is already being treated
-anecdotal evidence indicates that a current treatment is effective
Why is the ABAB design so powerful in demonstrating experimental control?
the baseline condition occurs twice
it does not start with treatment
it has four conditions
the replication of both the baseline and treatment conditions
the replication of both the baseline and treatment conditions
What precautions regarding stability must be taken to ensure the persuasiveness of a reversal design?
-each condition must run until stability
-each condition must contain at least 5 data points
-data can be trending but it must be in the opposite direction of expected treatment effects
-one or two data points in each condition is sufficient
-each condition must run until stability
-data can be trending but it must be in the opposite direction of expected treatment effects
For a convincing demonstration of experimental control to be shown, what must be replicated?
trend
participants
effect
procedure
effect
procedure
Generally speaking, a reversal design is NOT a good design for which of the following?
applied settings
comparing multiple treatments
multiple participants
many conditions
comparing multiple treatments
The beginning of a reinforcement condition represents what changes in the environment?
-no changes in the environment
-the reinforcer is introduced
-tokens are presented
-the contingency of reinforcement is established
-the reinforcer is introduced
-the contingency of reinforcement is established
Another way to conduct a reversal design is to run a condition instead of a return-to-baseline.
treatment
differential reinforcement of other behavior
non-contingent reinforcement
negative reinforcement
differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)
non-contingent reinforcement
Which of the following describes multiple-baseline designs?
must have three conditions
can be used across behaviors, participants, or settings
most versatile design
includes a return-to-baseline condition
can be used across behaviors, participants, or settings
most versatile design
Which of the following describe ways that interventions can be applied in multiple-baseline designs?
reversible treatment
moving treatment
permanent treatment
cumulative treatment
moving treatment
cumulative treatment
