Mod 4 Retake Flashcards
Why do we check for excessive bleeding during the primary assessment?
If bleeding is left untreated it has the potential to lead to rapid patient deterioration, shock, and death.
What is our main concern when caring for patients?
Scene safety. Before entering any scene you must ensure the scene is safe and identify any potential hazards that could cause harm to yourself
How to open an airway in an unresponsive trauma patient?
Insert an oropharyngeal airway if no gag reflex, no NPA. Suction secretions if necessary. If breathing is inadequate provide PPV.
What is the body’s compensatory response to blood loss?
The blood vessels constrict and cardiac output increases.
What is a 3 sided taped occlusive dressing used for?
It is for an open chest wound. During inhalation the dressing is sucked up against the wound, preventing air from entering. The side that is not taped allows for air that has built up in the thoracic cavity to escape during exhalation.
What is a 4 sided taped occlusive dressing used for?
It is for an open chest wound. On inhalation the dressing is sucked up against the wound , preventing air from entering. Occasionally the EMT can lift a corner during expiration to relieve any pressure.
What is decompensated shock?
It is an advanced stage of shock in which the body’s compensatory mechanisms are no longer able to maintain a blood pressure and perfusion of the vital organs.
What is hypo-perfusion?
Inadequate tissue perfusion. Also known as shock.
What is a flail chest?
It is a life threatening closed chest injury that occurs when two or more adjacent ribs are broken in two or more places. PPV with supplemental oxygen is the ideal treatment.
What is conduction?
Conduction is the process of which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance.
What is a multiple casualty incident?
It is any event that places excessive demands on personnel and equipment.
What is an aortic dissection?
It occurs when there is a tear in the inner lining of the aorta and blood enters the opening and causes separation of the layers of the aortic wall.
What is posturing?
It is involuntary flexion or extension in the arms or legs that indicate a severe brain injury.
What is convection?
This causes cold air molecules that in immediate contact with the skin to be warmed
What is the peripheral nervous system?
Consists of the nerves located outside of the brain and spinal cord.
What is a crush injury?
An injury in which force great enough to cause injury has been applied to the body.
What is the opening at the base of the skull called?
Foramen magnum.
What is a battle sign?
It is a purplish discoloration of the mastoid area behind the ear, it is another delayed and very late sign of a basilar skull fracture.
What is perfusion?
It is the flow of blood throughout the body’s vessels.
What is multi system trauma?
When a patient has more than one major system involved in their trauma.
Where are reliable circulation check in pediatric patients?
For babies a good place to check for a pulse is the brachial artery you can check for perfusion by applying pressure to their hand or feet and identify their capillary refill.
What is the most common cause of death in children?
The leading cause of death for children under the age of 14 is trauma.
How do you manage an airway?
You are going to make sure it is open, if not you are going to suction what is occluding it, if possible you can insert an oropharyngeal airway if no gag reflex is present, you could insert an NPA as well. You could insert an advanced airway and provide PPV.
How do you splint shoulder injuries?
You can do a sling and swathe or use a vacuum splints.
How do you bandage an eviscertion?
Do not touch or try to replace any exposed organs, cover the exposed organs with a sterile dressing, moistened with sterile water or saline, and secure in place.
How do you bandage a sucking chest wound?
Place a gloved hand over the wound. Then prepare an occlusive dressing, when the patient exhales put the dressing on and tape three sides of it.
What do you do for an amputation?
Stop the bleeding! Tourniquet! Cover the wound with a dressing to prevent from infection. If you have then amputated extremity, bring it with to the hospital on ice in a bag.
What are some electrical burn concerns?
If patient is still in contact with electrical source, do not touch them. There are entrance and exit wounds. The electrical current can cross through the chest resulting in cardiac arrest. Underlying injuries to organs and nervous system can occur .
How do you determine a GCS scale?
You give the patient a score depending on how well they open their eyes, give a verbal response, and motor response.
What part of the spinal column is most vulnerable for injury?
Cervical and lumbar are most vulnerable to injury.
What is Cushing’s reflex?
It is a symptom of a medulla injury ( lower portion of the brain stem) usually from ICP. Cushing’s reflex causes increased blood pressure, irregular breathing, and a reduction of the heart rate.
What are some signs and symptoms of intracranial pressure (ICP)?
Decreased LOC, increased blood pressure and slowing pulse rate, pupils still active, initially localize to painful stimuli
What are some signs and symptoms of a spleen injury?
Usually injured auto crashes, falls, bicycle accidents, motorcycles. Also injured with lower left rib fractures or penetrating trauma. You can expect left shoulder pain.
What are some signs and symptoms of air embolism?
If is when gases leave a damaged lung and enter the bloodstream. Blurred vision, chest pains, numbness and tingling, weakness/ paralysis, frothy blood for nose or mouth.
What are some steps to control bleeding?
Direct pressure, elevation with direct pressure, large wounds may require packing with sterile gauze, if direct pressure fails… Splints, pressure splints, hemostatic agents, tourniquet.
What are the layers of the skin?
The epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue.
What is the function of the skin?
Forms a barrier to most pathogens and harmful chemicals, and to the loss and entry of water, also helps regulate body temperature.
