Mod 4 Retake

Question 0

Why do we check for excessive bleeding during the primary assessment?

Answer 0

If bleeding is left untreated it has the potential to lead to rapid patient deterioration, shock, and death.

Question 1

What is our main concern when caring for patients?

Answer 1

Scene safety. Before entering any scene you must ensure the scene is safe and identify any potential hazards that could cause harm to yourself

Question 2

How to open an airway in an unresponsive trauma patient?

Answer 2

Insert an oropharyngeal airway if no gag reflex, no NPA. Suction secretions if necessary. If breathing is inadequate provide PPV.

Question 3

What is the body’s compensatory response to blood loss?

Answer 3

The blood vessels constrict and cardiac output increases.

Question 4

What is a 3 sided taped occlusive dressing used for?

Answer 4

It is for an open chest wound. During inhalation the dressing is sucked up against the wound, preventing air from entering. The side that is not taped allows for air that has built up in the thoracic cavity to escape during exhalation.

Question 5

What is a 4 sided taped occlusive dressing used for?

Answer 5

It is for an open chest wound. On inhalation the dressing is sucked up against the wound , preventing air from entering. Occasionally the EMT can lift a corner during expiration to relieve any pressure.

Question 6

What is decompensated shock?

Answer 6

It is an advanced stage of shock in which the body’s compensatory mechanisms are no longer able to maintain a blood pressure and perfusion of the vital organs.

Question 7

What is hypo-perfusion?

Answer 7

Inadequate tissue perfusion. Also known as shock.

Question 8

What is a flail chest?

Answer 8

It is a life threatening closed chest injury that occurs when two or more adjacent ribs are broken in two or more places. PPV with supplemental oxygen is the ideal treatment.

Question 9

What is conduction?

Answer 9

Conduction is the process of which heat or electricity is directly transmitted through a substance.

Question 10

What is a multiple casualty incident?

Answer 10

It is any event that places excessive demands on personnel and equipment.

Question 11

What is an aortic dissection?

Answer 11

It occurs when there is a tear in the inner lining of the aorta and blood enters the opening and causes separation of the layers of the aortic wall.

Question 12

What is posturing?

Answer 12

It is involuntary flexion or extension in the arms or legs that indicate a severe brain injury.

Question 13

What is convection?

Answer 13

This causes cold air molecules that in immediate contact with the skin to be warmed

Question 14

What is the peripheral nervous system?

Answer 14

Consists of the nerves located outside of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 15

What is a crush injury?

Answer 15

An injury in which force great enough to cause injury has been applied to the body.

Question 16

What is the opening at the base of the skull called?

Answer 16

Foramen magnum.

Question 17

What is a battle sign?

Answer 17

It is a purplish discoloration of the mastoid area behind the ear, it is another delayed and very late sign of a basilar skull fracture.

Question 18

What is perfusion?

Answer 18

It is the flow of blood throughout the body’s vessels.

Question 19

What is multi system trauma?

Answer 19

When a patient has more than one major system involved in their trauma.

Question 20

Where are reliable circulation check in pediatric patients?

Answer 20

For babies a good place to check for a pulse is the brachial artery you can check for perfusion by applying pressure to their hand or feet and identify their capillary refill.

Question 21

What is the most common cause of death in children?

Answer 21

The leading cause of death for children under the age of 14 is trauma.

Question 22

How do you manage an airway?

Answer 22

You are going to make sure it is open, if not you are going to suction what is occluding it, if possible you can insert an oropharyngeal airway if no gag reflex is present, you could insert an NPA as well. You could insert an advanced airway and provide PPV.

Question 23

How do you splint shoulder injuries?

Answer 23

You can do a sling and swathe or use a vacuum splints.

Question 24

How do you bandage an eviscertion?

Answer 24

Do not touch or try to replace any exposed organs, cover the exposed organs with a sterile dressing, moistened with sterile water or saline, and secure in place.

Question 25

How do you bandage a sucking chest wound?

Answer 25

Place a gloved hand over the wound. Then prepare an occlusive dressing, when the patient exhales put the dressing on and tape three sides of it.

Question 26

What do you do for an amputation?

Answer 26

Stop the bleeding! Tourniquet! Cover the wound with a dressing to prevent from infection. If you have then amputated extremity, bring it with to the hospital on ice in a bag.

Question 27

What are some electrical burn concerns?

Answer 27

If patient is still in contact with electrical source, do not touch them. There are entrance and exit wounds. The electrical current can cross through the chest resulting in cardiac arrest. Underlying injuries to organs and nervous system can occur .

Question 28

How do you determine a GCS scale?

Answer 28

You give the patient a score depending on how well they open their eyes, give a verbal response, and motor response.

Question 29

What part of the spinal column is most vulnerable for injury?

Answer 29

Cervical and lumbar are most vulnerable to injury.

Question 30

What is Cushing’s reflex?

Answer 30

It is a symptom of a medulla injury ( lower portion of the brain stem) usually from ICP. Cushing’s reflex causes increased blood pressure, irregular breathing, and a reduction of the heart rate.

Question 31

What are some signs and symptoms of intracranial pressure (ICP)?

Answer 31

Decreased LOC, increased blood pressure and slowing pulse rate, pupils still active, initially localize to painful stimuli

Question 32

What are some signs and symptoms of a spleen injury?

Answer 32

Usually injured auto crashes, falls, bicycle accidents, motorcycles. Also injured with lower left rib fractures or penetrating trauma. You can expect left shoulder pain.

Question 33

What are some signs and symptoms of air embolism?

Answer 33

If is when gases leave a damaged lung and enter the bloodstream. Blurred vision, chest pains, numbness and tingling, weakness/ paralysis, frothy blood for nose or mouth.

Question 34

What are some steps to control bleeding?

Answer 34

Direct pressure, elevation with direct pressure, large wounds may require packing with sterile gauze, if direct pressure fails… Splints, pressure splints, hemostatic agents, tourniquet.

Question 35

What are the layers of the skin?

Answer 35

The epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous tissue.

Question 36

What is the function of the skin?

Answer 36

Forms a barrier to most pathogens and harmful chemicals, and to the loss and entry of water, also helps regulate body temperature.