Mod 2- Urinary system

Question 1

Functions of the Urinary system

Answer 1

• Takes part in removal of metabolic by products from blood/ drugs
• Conserve water, pro, salts, flu
• Maintain acid base baleen
• regulate BP

Question 2

Where is the kidney located and where is the hilus of the kindny found

Answer 2

Lat to T12-L3

Hilus- on concave surface, where vessels + nerves enter and exit

Question 3

what are the function of the kidney (what do they produce/ get rid of)

Answer 3

maintain ahem consistency of blood

waste- urea, uric acid, creatinine

Produce- renin, vit d, prostaglandins

Question 4

is the kidney ant or post to the peroteal

Answer 4

Retroperitonial

Question 5

flow of blood thru the kidney

Answer 5

• Aorta
• Renal Artery
• Afferent arteriole
• Glomerulus
• efferent arteriole
• Peritubular capillaries and vasa recta
• renal vein
• inf vena cava

Question 6

where does the structural unit of the kidney start and what does that structure contain

Answer 6

starts at renal corpuscle that contained the glomerulus (where pro is filtered)

Question 7

what are the two types of nephrons (%)

Answer 7

cortical (85%)- in cortex, short loop , deliver blood to peritubular capillaries

Juxtamedullary (15%)- located near medulla, long nephron)

Question 8

what is the dif between cortical and juxtamedullary nephrons

Answer 8

cortical- most reabsorpitive and secretory functions

Jux- longer tube so more time to conserve water

Question 9

what does the apex of the renal pyramid have on it

Answer 9

Ducts of bellini- 20ish openings that drain into minor calyx

-each pyramid separated by cortical columns

Question 10

types of epithelium in bowmans capsule, glomerulus, prox tubule, nephron loop and dist tub

Answer 10

bowmans- simple squamous

glomerulus- specific fenestrated vessels

prox- cuboidal cells w microvilli

nephron- no more microvilli

dist- no microvilli, collects water

Question 11

what type of cell is the glomerus lines by and what is their function

Answer 11

podocytes- make sure molecules like pro can’t get thru

Question 12

what do mesangial cells do for the filtration barrier

Answer 12

physical support

phagocyte function

Question 13

what filters fluid leaving the glomerular capillaries

Answer 13

the lamina dense

Question 14

when the fluid enters the prox tubule what is it called and what is the function of the prox tubule

Answer 14

• Now called urine

- hight conc of microvilli for reabsorption of water and ions

Question 15

what happens in the distal tubule and what cell does it

Answer 15

• doesn’t have high reabsorption

- close to bowmans capful, does a check to how conc of urine is (done by macula dense)

Question 16

what does the juxtaglomerular appeartus do and where is it found

Answer 16

on afferent and efferent vessels

will secrete renin (vasoconstriction) depending on the osmolarity found by macula densa)

Question 17

what does ADH do

Answer 17

changes the permeability of the collecting duct

Question 18

what do the ureters do and what are the 3 layers

Answer 18

-carry urine from the kidneys to the urinary bladder (star shaped)

tunica mucosa
tunica muscularis
tunica adventitia

Question 19

What is cystitis and urethritis

Answer 19

UTI’s

cystitis- inflammation of the bladder

urethritis- inflammation of the urethra

Question 20

what cells allow the bladder to expand without breaking

Answer 20

Umbrella cells (uroplakins)