Cytology Flashcards
Problem behind cysitic fibrosis
One integral pro within the membrane of the lung and epithelium of digestive system named cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance is deffective; causes mucus to become sticky
Ribosomes
engage in the development or preperation of proteins and is made of 2 units
Polyribosomes
mRNA
poly- ribosomes can either be floating inside the cell or chained to a structure
mRNA- is the binding string that takes info from he DNA and brings it to the ribosome to manufaceture the pro
Rough Endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesis of all pro that are packaged or delievered to plasma
does posttranslational modifications
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
mianly detoxification of beer/drugs and synthesis/hydrolysis of glycogen
Golgi apparatus
production and functional maturation of pro/polysaccharides
Lysosomes
garbage bin of the cell (acidic)
Primary, secondary, teriary lysosome
primary- inactive
secondary- after fusion with phagosome
tertiary- after content is degraded and returned to cytoplasm
What is lysosomal storage disease
deficiency of one or more specific lysosomal enzymes which causes an accumulation of undigested material inside the lysosome
components of the cytoskeleton + function (4)
microtubule (cell shape)
thin filaments (actin)
intermediate filaments (stabalize organelles)
centriole (help w cell division)
Nuclear envalope
inside the nucleus we have a wall of inner and outer nuclear membranes, connected at the nuclear pore sites.
Nuclear pore complex
Entry point on the nuclear envalope
-composed of 3 ring like arrays of stacked proteins
Chromatin location, composition (heterochromatin, Euchromatin)
Inside nuclear envalope
heterochromatin- dense
Euchromatin- loose (in metabolically active cells)
Nucleolus function + Structure
- ribosomal RNA biogenesis
- control of cellular survival proliferation
Structure
- Fibrilar centers, contains rRNA genes in tandem arrays
- dense fibrilar compartment
- granular compartment
Telomeres
sequence of repetative bases at the ends of a linear chromosomes that prevent attachment and preserves them
Cell cycle
G1- when synthesis of macromolecues essential for DNA dup begins
S- When DNA is duplicated
G2- cell undergoes prep for mitosis
Mitosis- process whereby the cytoplasm + nucleus of the cell are divided equally to two daughter cells
Meiosis two steps
Meiosis 1- Homologous pairs of chromosomes line up, and each daughter cell recieves half the number of chomosomes
Meiosis 2- The 2 chromatids of each chromosome are seperated, followd by migration of the chromotids to opposite poles
