Mod 2- lymphatic/immune system

Question 1

what does parenchyma mean

Answer 1

functional tissue of the organ or system

Question 2

what are the 2 arms of the immune system

Answer 2

Innate- quick response time, no specifity, no memory

Adaptive- slower response time but way more specific and better memory the second time

Question 3

how do t cells work (pathway)

Answer 3

1. dendritic cell breaks microbe and presents it to both heltper t and t cytotoxic cells

Question 4

how do b cells work (pathway)

Answer 4

1. b cell finds a antigen and is then activated by a t helper
2. B cell differentiates into memory and plasma cell
3. plasma cell produces antibodies that attach to invater that phagocytes now eat (marked)
4. memory B are now ready for next infection

Question 5

what are the formative organs and what happens there

Answer 5

Bone marrow, thymus

–> where the t cells and b cells are born and matured

Question 6

what are the reactive organs and what happens there

Answer 6

Tonsils (MALT)
Peyers patches (GALT)
Repiratory (BALT)
lymph nodes
spleen 

where the interactions between microbes and t/b cells are done

Question 7

what is produced in the bone marrow

Answer 7

Produce all blood cell types except for mature t cells

Question 8

what type of cells mature in the thymus

Answer 8

T cells

Question 9

How do t cells mature within the thymus

Answer 9

• young t cells migrate to the periphery of the thymic cortex where they undergo extensive proliferation
• 98% die in cortex, living ones enter medulla where they are then distributed to secondary lymphoid organs

Question 10

what type of cells keep the good t cells in the medulla

Answer 10

Epithelial reticular cells

Question 11

Functions of lymph nodes

Answer 11

• Filter and screen lymph
• Site of transfer of lymphocytes from blood into lymphoid tissue
• final stages of t lymphocyte differentiation
• differentiation of b lymphocytes to plasma cells

Question 12

where are b cells and t cells found in lymph nodes

Answer 12

B- follicle in cortex

T- Paracortex area

Question 13

what occurs in the secondary follicle of lymph nodes

Answer 13

has germinal center in middle and mantal just outside

Activated b cells in germinal center
mantal has memory b cells and plasma cells

Question 14

where do killer t cells bind in the lymph node

Answer 14

Bind to high endothelial venules (HEV)- then paracortex

Question 15

Functions of the spleen (3)

Answer 15

1. macrophages remove old, abnormal and damaged blood cells
2. ativate t and b lymphocytes and expose to antigens present to antigens present in blood
3. blood in spleen can be returned to circulation rapidly if needed

Question 16

what is the red pulp of the spleen

Answer 16

• ## contain many venous sinuses which contain RBC that eventually drain into splenic vein

Question 17

what is the white pulp of the spleen

Answer 17

• consist of arterial vessels (PALS)

- inside of PALS are recirculating T cells

Question 18

What is MALT and where is it found

Answer 18

mucosa associated lymphoid tissue
consist of population of immune cells in mucosa of many epitheal tissue
many types
function: screening

Question 19

What are payers patches and where are they found

Answer 19

found throughout the small intestine (GALT)

similar to lymph nodes

Question 20

what are tonsils and where are they found

Answer 20

MALT

form a ring around the pharynx