Mod 2- Respiratory Flashcards
Normal and barrel chest ratios
normal- 1:2 (width to length)
barrel- 1:1
Chronic bronchitis (2 thinsg that occur)
1- inflamation on bronchi (loses elasticity)
2- Buildup of mucus (narrows tube)
Emphysema
air cant get into alveoli
Functions of human respiratory system (4)
- Take ox from air to supply blood
- remove/dispose co2
- Regulate blood ph
- regulate blood o2 and co2 levels
Conduction zone components
Nasal cavity nasopharynx oropharynx larynx trechea bronchi bronchioles terminal bronchioles (no gas exchange)
Respiratory zone components
Respiratory bronchioles
alveolar dicts
alveoli
Upper respiratory tract is everything above
trachea
functions of upper respiratory tract (4)
1) filter for bacteria
2) Humidifies air
3) Smell
4) Survival
Olfactory cells (what type are they and what are they associated w)
Bipolar nueron (CN 1) associated w scent
Sustentacular cells
Supporting cell for olfactory cells
secretes enzymes to break oderants
Basal cell of olfactory epithelium
Stem cell of epithelium
Brush cell of olfactory epithelium
Associated w the other sensations that are not smell or scent (CN V)
Larynx
houses vocal cords (associated w cartilage)
True vs false vocal cords
True- moves, associated w skeletal muscle
Layers of trachea (out to in)
mucosa- repiratory epithelium
submucosa- seromucus glands surrounded by collagen and elastic fibres
C shaped hyaline/ Muscular layer- smooth muscle bridges gap
adventitia
Where do the primary bronchi enter the lung at
The hilum
Secondary bronchi (how many into right and left lungs)
3 into the right
2 into the left
Terminal Bronchiole (what do they lack + what do they have)
- glands in the mucosa
- no cartilage
- have smooth muscle that aids in bronchiodialation, constriction
- clara cells replace goblet cells
clara cells secrete 2 things
- Sulfactant like substance that prevents stickyness
2. Anti inflammatory ingredient
What do pulmonary veins carry
oxygenated blood to left atrium
What do pulmonary arteries carry
deoxgenated blood to the airways
Bronchiole arteries
oxygenated blood to supply nutrient to mucosa
what are respiratory bronchioles and what are their walls made up of
areas of transitision between conducting and respiratory portions
-simple non ciliated cuboidal
(no cartilage, goblet)
Alveolar wall is composed of these 3 cell types
- Endothiel cells of blood capillaries
- Squamus epithelial cells (type 1)
- Secretatory cells (type 2) - secretes surfactant so they dont collapse
