Mod 2- Digestive System

Question 1

4 general layers of the GI channel

Answer 1

• Mucosa
• Submucosa
• Muscularis externa
• Serosa

Question 2

what makes up the mucosa layer

Answer 2

• inner layer made of loose connective tissue (lamina propria)
• has lymph vessles/glands
• has two layers of smooth muscle (muscular mucosal)

Question 3

what makes up the submucosa layer

Answer 3

• dense, irregular fibroelastic connective tissue
• submucosal nerve plexus (controls motility)
• blood and lymph vessels

Question 4

what makes up the muscular externa and what is found there

Answer 4

• inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle (for peristaltic activity)
• Auebach myentric plexus

Question 5

function of serosa (and adventitia)

Answer 5

no function

-invested in peritoneum (covers it)

Question 6

what innervates the Gi cannel

Answer 6

Enteric nervous system (messners and auerbachs)

Parasympathetic and sympathesic

Question 7

what are the 2 sphincters of the GI canal

Answer 7

high- pharyngoesophageal

low- external and internal gastroesphogeal

Question 8

at what portion of the esophagus would you likely see 2 diff types of muscle

Answer 8

usually middle third of esophagus

Question 9

what 3 structures make up the esophageal wall

Answer 9

Mucosa- non keratinized strat squamous

Musculature- inner circular and outer longitudinal

Adevntia

Question 10

what enzymes are released in the stomach

Answer 10

Pepsin, rennin and gastric lipase

Question 11

what are the 4 gastric glands that line the mucosa of the stomach

Answer 11

• Mucous cells
• Parietal cells
• chief cells
• endocrine cells

Question 12

what does the stomach secrete a day

Answer 12

-water
-hcl
-gastric intrincic factor
enzymes
mucus

Question 13

how are the glands of the stomach structured and what are the 6 things found in it

Answer 13

each fundic gland extends from the muscular mucosal to the base of the gastric pit and contains :

Surface lining cells
regenerative cells
Mucous
parietal
chief
enteroedocrine

Question 14

Function of surface lining cells

Answer 14

produce soluble mucus which mixes w plus to reduce friction

Question 15

function of regenerative cells

Answer 15

replace all specialized cells in the gastric pit

Question 16

function of parietal cells

Answer 16

manufacture HCL and gastric intrinsic factor

Question 17

function of chief cells

Answer 17

manufacture enzymes such as precursor to pepsin

Question 18

function of enteroendocrine

Answer 18

manufacture endocrine etc

Question 19

3 phases of HCL production

Answer 19

• in anticipation of food

- Parietal cells have recptors for gastrin, histamine and when they bine HCL released

Question 20

What does helicopter-bacter pylori affect and what are some of the symptoms

Answer 20

-damages cells in gastric pit

symptoms- heartburn, chest/abdominal pain, bloating etc

Question 21

what portion of the small intestine receives enzymes, buffer from pancreas and bile from liver

Answer 21

duodenum

Question 22

what are Pilcae circulares

Answer 22

• permenant structures

- increase surface area of absorption (along w microvilli)

Question 23

what cells are found in the duodenum

Answer 23

• Surface absorptive cells
• goblet cells
• DNES
• Mcells
• Regenerative
• Paneth

Question 24

what are Brunners glands and what portion of small intestine are they found in

Answer 24

Duodenum

-secrete alkaline mucus into crypts of lieberkuhn , neutralize acid from stomach

Question 25

what are lacteals and where are they mostly found

Answer 25

-lymphatic channels within each villi. provide passage for absurd fat

Found mainly in jejunum

Question 26

what are peyers patches and where are they mostly found

Answer 26

facilitate the generation of the immune response wishin the mucosa

mainly in ilium

Question 27

what happens when someone with celiac disease ingests gluten

Answer 27

creates an immune mediated toxic reaction that causes damage to the small intestine

Question 28

what typer of cells are found in the colon

Answer 28

No villi but lots of crypts

many absorptive cells

Question 29

What is the muscular layer in the colon called

Answer 29

Taeniae coli (3 longitudinal bands)

Question 30

where is the appendix located at what would be its function

Answer 30

-located at transition between small intestine and colon

host microorganisms that break cell walls of plants, many peyers patches

Question 31

Type of epithelium in anal canal

Answer 31

simple cuboid up to anal sphincter hen stratified squamous non keratinized then keratinized

Question 32

what 4 things do DNES cells secrete

Answer 32

glucagon
somatostatin
histamine
gastrin