Mod 2- Digestive System Flashcards

1
Q

4 general layers of the GI channel

A
  • Mucosa
  • Submucosa
  • Muscularis externa
  • Serosa
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2
Q

what makes up the mucosa layer

A
  • inner layer made of loose connective tissue (lamina propria)
  • has lymph vessles/glands
  • has two layers of smooth muscle (muscular mucosal)
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3
Q

what makes up the submucosa layer

A
  • dense, irregular fibroelastic connective tissue
  • submucosal nerve plexus (controls motility)
  • blood and lymph vessels
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4
Q

what makes up the muscular externa and what is found there

A
  • inner circular and outer longitudinal smooth muscle (for peristaltic activity)
  • Auebach myentric plexus
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5
Q

function of serosa (and adventitia)

A

no function

-invested in peritoneum (covers it)

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6
Q

what innervates the Gi cannel

A

Enteric nervous system (messners and auerbachs)

Parasympathetic and sympathesic

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7
Q

what are the 2 sphincters of the GI canal

A

high- pharyngoesophageal

low- external and internal gastroesphogeal

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8
Q

at what portion of the esophagus would you likely see 2 diff types of muscle

A

usually middle third of esophagus

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9
Q

what 3 structures make up the esophageal wall

A

Mucosa- non keratinized strat squamous

Musculature- inner circular and outer longitudinal

Adevntia

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10
Q

what enzymes are released in the stomach

A

Pepsin, rennin and gastric lipase

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11
Q

what are the 4 gastric glands that line the mucosa of the stomach

A
  • Mucous cells
  • Parietal cells
  • chief cells
  • endocrine cells
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12
Q

what does the stomach secrete a day

A

-water
-hcl
-gastric intrincic factor
enzymes
mucus

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13
Q

how are the glands of the stomach structured and what are the 6 things found in it

A

each fundic gland extends from the muscular mucosal to the base of the gastric pit and contains :

Surface lining cells
regenerative cells
Mucous
parietal
chief
enteroedocrine
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14
Q

Function of surface lining cells

A

produce soluble mucus which mixes w plus to reduce friction

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15
Q

function of regenerative cells

A

replace all specialized cells in the gastric pit

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16
Q

function of parietal cells

A

manufacture HCL and gastric intrinsic factor

17
Q

function of chief cells

A

manufacture enzymes such as precursor to pepsin

18
Q

function of enteroendocrine

A

manufacture endocrine etc

19
Q

3 phases of HCL production

A
  • in anticipation of food

- Parietal cells have recptors for gastrin, histamine and when they bine HCL released

20
Q

What does helicopter-bacter pylori affect and what are some of the symptoms

A

-damages cells in gastric pit

symptoms- heartburn, chest/abdominal pain, bloating etc

21
Q

what portion of the small intestine receives enzymes, buffer from pancreas and bile from liver

22
Q

what are Pilcae circulares

A
  • permenant structures

- increase surface area of absorption (along w microvilli)

23
Q

what cells are found in the duodenum

A
  • Surface absorptive cells
  • goblet cells
  • DNES
  • Mcells
  • Regenerative
  • Paneth
24
Q

what are Brunners glands and what portion of small intestine are they found in

A

Duodenum

-secrete alkaline mucus into crypts of lieberkuhn , neutralize acid from stomach

25
what are lacteals and where are they mostly found
-lymphatic channels within each villi. provide passage for absurd fat Found mainly in jejunum
26
what are peyers patches and where are they mostly found
facilitate the generation of the immune response wishin the mucosa mainly in ilium
27
what happens when someone with celiac disease ingests gluten
creates an immune mediated toxic reaction that causes damage to the small intestine
28
what typer of cells are found in the colon
No villi but lots of crypts | many absorptive cells
29
What is the muscular layer in the colon called
Taeniae coli (3 longitudinal bands)
30
where is the appendix located at what would be its function
-located at transition between small intestine and colon host microorganisms that break cell walls of plants, many peyers patches
31
Type of epithelium in anal canal
simple cuboid up to anal sphincter hen stratified squamous non keratinized then keratinized
32
what 4 things do DNES cells secrete
glucagon somatostatin histamine gastrin