Mitosis and Meiosis Lab

Question 1

Why is the reproductive strategy of producing offsprings same as the parent

Answer 1

To ensure the survival of the species

Question 2

Why is the reproductive strategy of producing offsprings that were different from the parent

Answer 2

To allow for adaptation and ensure survival of the species

Question 3

A Sexual Reproduction

Answer 3

The strategy of producing offsprings that are genetically the same as the parents (clones)

Question 4

How do a sexual organisms reproduce

Answer 4

Mitosis ( Binary Fission)

Question 5

The oldest form and the simplest form of reproduction

Answer 5

Asexual reproduction ( relies on a single parent)

Question 6

Sexual Reproduction

Answer 6

The stately of producing offsprings that are genetically diverse.
it is a more complex process and relies on two parents

Question 7

Genetic variation is generated through two processes

Answer 7

1. Meiosis ( a form of cell division)

2. Fertilization ( the fusion of gametes)

Question 8

Modern biologist view of reproduction

Answer 8

That organisms exist to serve and reproduce the genome: it is the reproduction of the the genes not the individual.

Question 9

GENOME

Answer 9

Is one complete set of instructions for specifying an individual of a species.
1 genome = 1 set of chromosomes= 23 chromosomes in a cell.

Question 10

How are genetic instructions written

Answer 10

They written in the language of nucleotide in the DNA of the cell

Question 11

CHROMATIN

Answer 11

Describes DNA as loose strands in the nucleus

Question 12

When stretched out how long is one DNA molecule from a human cell

Answer 12

4 cm

Question 13

CHROMOSOME

Answer 13

a single molecule of DNA when it is condensed
Each chromosome carries a piece of the total genome
Every chromosome is different

Question 14

1 set of chromosomes (n) =

Answer 14

1 genome (N) = 23 chromosomes= 1 set

Question 15

The number of chromosomes in a set depends on what

Answer 15

it depend on the particular species.

Question 16

The greek for set

Answer 16

“ploidy”

Question 17

HAPLOID CELLS

Answer 17

a cell with a single set of chromosomes ( 23)
.Contain 1 genome

They have a chromosome number of n
They have one genome for that species ( 1 set of chromosomes= 23 chromosomes)

Question 18

examples of organisms whose somatic cells are haploid

Answer 18

simple organisms ( like prokaryotic)

Question 19

haploid cells examples

Answer 19

1. prokaryotic organisms

2. gametes

Question 20

Complex organisms that reproduce sexually require

Answer 20

2 sets of chromosomes per cell: 2 genomes: 2n : 2 sets of 23 pairs of chromosomes

Question 21

How is a haploid cell represented

Answer 21

n=1 set of chromosomes=1genome= 23 chromosomes

Question 22

How is a diploid cell represented

Answer 22

2n= 2 ( set of chromosomes)= 2 genomes = 2 sets of 23 chromosomes =46 chromosomes.

Question 23

DIPLOID

Answer 23

2 sets of chromosomes in each cell

Question 24

2 reasons a cell divides

Answer 24

1. cellular ( growth, healing, replace) Mitosis

2. sexual ( to produce a sex cell) Meiosis)

Question 25

Before a cell can divide for any reason a eukaryotic cell must

Answer 25

go through one round of cell cycle

Question 26

The cell cycle

Answer 26

1. Interphase ( G1, S, G2): all essential cellular molecules and organelles are duplicated in preparation for cell division.

Once everything is duplicated, each round of cell cycle then ends of some form of nuclear division, followed by cell division( cytokinesis)

Question 27

what happens at the end of a cell cycle

Answer 27

some form of nuclear division ( Mitosis or Meiosis

Interphase( cell cycle)–Mitosis/ meiosis ( nuclear division)—–Cytokinesis ( cellular division)

Question 28

2 types of cells of cells as it relates to

Answer 28

1. Somatic Cells ( body cells ) undergo Mitosis ( Diploid Cells)
2. Germ Cells ( gametes) undergo Meiosis (Haploid cells)

Question 29

purpose of mitosis

Answer 29

To sort out the chromosomes that were replicated ( duplicated) during S phase, package them and ensure that each daughter cell will get both versions

Question 30

What happens to germ cells after going through many rounds of cell cycle

Answer 30

It goes through mitosis. This is how more germ cell gets made. Then finally go through meiosis instead

Question 31

The purpose of meiosis

Answer 31

To sort out the chromosomes of germ cells prior to cell division

Question 32

End result of cell division after meiosis is

Answer 32

4 daughter cells

Question 33

Representation of meiosis summary

Answer 33

A diploid nucleus gives rise to 4 haploid nuclei

2n –//meiosis — n + n( haploid)—- meiosis —1/2 n + 1/2 n( haploid)