Chapter 9.3

Question 1

HAPLOID CELLS

Answer 1

abbreviated (n)

They contain on one full set of genetic information ( 23)

Question 2

Haploid cells are called

Answer 2

gametes= sex cells

Question 3

FERTILIZATION

Answer 3

merges the gametes from two parents to form zygote.

Question 4

ZYGOTE

Answer 4

the first cell of a new organism ( union of gamete)

Question 5

How many sets of chromosomes does a zygote have

Answer 5

a one- celled zygote is diploid cell with 2 sets of chromosomes one from each parent

Question 6

How soon does mitosis begin in a new organisim

Answer 6

mitosis begins shortly after fertilization

Question 7

sexually reproducing, multicellular organisms require 2 ways to package DNA

Answer 7

1. MITOSIS

2. MEIOSIS

Question 8

MITOSIS

Answer 8

divides a eukaryotic cell’s chromosomes into identical daughter cells

Question 9

purpose of Mitosis

Answer 9

1. produces cell for growth and development

and tissue repair

Question 10

MEIOSIS

Answer 10

forms genetically variable gametes that each contain half of the organism’s diploid cells

Question 11

GERM CELLS

Answer 11

Occur only in the ovaries and testes. they are the only cells ( specialized diploid cells)
that undergo meiosis

Question 12

SOMATIC CELLS

Answer 12

the rest of the body’s diploid cells that have 2 full sets of chromosomes and do not participate directly in reproduction.
. The divide by mitosis but do not divide by meiosis.

Question 13

The only haploid cells in human life cycle

Answer 13

gametes

Question 14

What does meiosis do

Answer 14

halves the chromosome number and scrambles alleles

Question 15

What are the 2 main outcomes of MEIOSIS

Answer 15

1. the resulting gamete has half the number of chromosomes as the the rest of the body’s cell’s ( ensuring that the chromosome number does not double with every generation
2. Scramble genetic information ( so that 2 parents can generate offspring that are genetically different from both the parents and from one another

Question 16

2 differences between mitosis and meiosis

Answer 16

Meiosis has 2 unique outcomes:

1. it has 2 divisions which create 4 haploid cells from one diploid germ cell
2. It shuffles genetic information, setting the stage for each haploid nucleus to receive a unique mixture of alleles

Question 17

What is the difference between somatic and germ cells?

Answer 17

Germ cells can undergo meiosis and produce haploid gametes; somatic cells are body cells that reproduce by mitosis.

Question 18

How do haploid and diploid nuclei differ

Answer 18

A diploid cell (2n) has two full sets of chromosomes, with one set coming from each parent. A haploid cell (n) has only one set of chromosomes.

Question 19

. What are the roles of meiosis, gamete formation, and fertilization in a sexual life cycle?

Answer 19

In meiosis, a diploid cell divides twice to produce four haploid nuclei, reducing the chromosome number by half. Meiosis also creates new allele combinations in the haploid nuclei. Gamete formation packages the haploid chromosomes into reproductive cells. Fertilization merges haploid gametes from two parents, producing a new diploid cell with half its chromosomes coming from each parent.

Question 20

What is a zygote?

Answer 20

A zygote is a fertilized egg cell that is the start of a new diploid organism.