Chapter 9.2 Flashcards

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1
Q

CHROMOSOME

A

a single molecule of dan and its associated proteins

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2
Q

DIPLOID CELLS

A

. abbreviated 2N

. contains 2 full sets of chromosomes; one set inherited from each parent

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3
Q

a diploid human cell contains how many chromosomes

A

46 arranged in 23 pairs

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4
Q

AUTOSOMES

A

chromosomes that are the same for both sex

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5
Q

How many chromosomes in humans are autosomes

A

22 pairs

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6
Q

SEX CHROMOSOMES

A

determine whether an individual is male or female

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7
Q

How many sex chromosomes does a human cell have

A

1 pair haploid cells

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8
Q

KARYOTYPE

A

a size ordered chart of all the chromosomes in a cell

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9
Q

what chromosomes Designates for female

A

XX =

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10
Q

what chromosomes Designates for male

A

XY

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11
Q

HOMOLOGOUS PAIR

A

describes the 2 matching members( each donated from a parent) of most chromosome pairs.
. they have the same basic structure
. but are not identical
. they share the same size
. the same centromere position
. carry the same sequence of genes ( always in the same order)

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12
Q

How do homologs differ

A

In the combination of ALLELES of the genes they carry

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13
Q

ALLELES

A

they were versions of genes. Each allele of a gene encodes a different version of the same protein

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14
Q

How many alleles does a person have per chromosome

A

a chromosome typically carries exactly one allele of each gene. Inheriting an allele from each parent. Depending on the the parent. the allele s may be identical or different

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15
Q

HAPLOID CELLS

A

have 1 pair of ( haploid cells) of chromosomes 23

. they are not homologous

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16
Q

Why are sex not homologous to each other

A

X chromosome is much larger than Y and its genes are completely different

17
Q

In males the sex as homologs, when

A

during meiosis

18
Q

What are autosomes and sex chromosomes

A

Autosomes are chromosomes that are the same regardless of sex, whereas the sex chromosomes determine male and female.

19
Q

What is a karyotype?

A

A karyotype is a chart that places the homologous chromosomes in size order, matching shape and banding patterns, after halting the cell in metaphase and staining the resulting chromosomes for better visibility.

20
Q

How are the members of a homologous pair similar and different

A

A homologous pair of chromosomes is composed of two chromosomes that are similar in size, centromere location, and banding pattern. They carry the same sequence of genes (but not necessarily the same alleles) for the same traits. Each member of a homologous pair comes from a different parent.