Chapter 9.2 Flashcards
CHROMOSOME
a single molecule of dan and its associated proteins
DIPLOID CELLS
. abbreviated 2N
. contains 2 full sets of chromosomes; one set inherited from each parent
a diploid human cell contains how many chromosomes
46 arranged in 23 pairs
AUTOSOMES
chromosomes that are the same for both sex
How many chromosomes in humans are autosomes
22 pairs
SEX CHROMOSOMES
determine whether an individual is male or female
How many sex chromosomes does a human cell have
1 pair haploid cells
KARYOTYPE
a size ordered chart of all the chromosomes in a cell
what chromosomes Designates for female
XX =
what chromosomes Designates for male
XY
HOMOLOGOUS PAIR
describes the 2 matching members( each donated from a parent) of most chromosome pairs.
. they have the same basic structure
. but are not identical
. they share the same size
. the same centromere position
. carry the same sequence of genes ( always in the same order)
How do homologs differ
In the combination of ALLELES of the genes they carry
ALLELES
they were versions of genes. Each allele of a gene encodes a different version of the same protein
How many alleles does a person have per chromosome
a chromosome typically carries exactly one allele of each gene. Inheriting an allele from each parent. Depending on the the parent. the allele s may be identical or different
HAPLOID CELLS
have 1 pair of ( haploid cells) of chromosomes 23
. they are not homologous
Why are sex not homologous to each other
X chromosome is much larger than Y and its genes are completely different
In males the sex as homologs, when
during meiosis
What are autosomes and sex chromosomes
Autosomes are chromosomes that are the same regardless of sex, whereas the sex chromosomes determine male and female.
What is a karyotype?
A karyotype is a chart that places the homologous chromosomes in size order, matching shape and banding patterns, after halting the cell in metaphase and staining the resulting chromosomes for better visibility.
How are the members of a homologous pair similar and different
A homologous pair of chromosomes is composed of two chromosomes that are similar in size, centromere location, and banding pattern. They carry the same sequence of genes (but not necessarily the same alleles) for the same traits. Each member of a homologous pair comes from a different parent.
