Cellular Respiration Chapter 6.2 Flashcards
Summary of Cellular Respiration
- It is the chemical reaction that generates ATP
- An enzyme tacks a phosphate group onto ADP to get ATP
- This requires an input of energy
- It harvests potential energy from food molecules and use it to make ATP
Like P/S what type of chemical reaction is Respiration
Redox
What is being oxidized in CR
Oxidize ( lost an electron) = Glucose
What is being Reduced in CR
Reduced ( Gains an electron) = Oxygen
How does CR provide the energy stored by ATP
REdox reaction reduces O2( from the oxidized glucose) which has a strong attraction for electrons releases energy which the cells trap in the bonds of ATP
Where does ATP gets its energy
From the reduction of O2 ( by the reduction of/ breakdown of , which releases energy and is trap in the bonds of ATP.
The potential energy of glucose is released by the redox reaction and is stored in the chemical bonds of ATP.
What type of energy is stored in the bonds of glucose
Potential
The release of glucose’s energy is not released all at once. What are the 3 steps of CR
- Glycosis
- The Krebs Cycle
- Electron Transport
Glycosis (breaking sugar)
- the six carbon glucose molecule is split into the two 3 carbon molecules called PYRUVATE.
- The process harvests energy into 2 forms
What are the two forms of energy is harvested from Glycosis
- Some electrons are transferred to an electron carrier (NADH)
- it generates 2 molecules of ATP
The products of Glycosis
- 2 molecules of PYURVATE ( 3 carbons)
2. 2 molecules ATP
Krebs Cycle
- Pyruvate is oxidized ( lose an electron)
- CO2 is released
- Pyruvate potential energy and electrons are transferred ATP and NADH and FADH2 ( both election carrier proteins) ( facilitated by enzymes.
FADH2
Flavin adenine dinucleotide /electron carrier
What happens to glucose and its stored energy at the end of the KREBS cycle
- The carbon atoms that make up glucose are gone, liberated as CO2.
- The potential energy that once was in the bonds of glucose are now in the electron carriers NADH and FADH2
The Electron Transport Chain
transfers energy rich electrons from NADH and FADH2 through a series of Membrane Proteins.
The steps of the ETC
- NADH and FADH bring energy rich electrons(along with protons) to the ETC ( almost all the energy stored in glucose are in NADH/FADH
- As electrons pass from protein to protein in the ETC ( in the inner membrane), The proteins pump protons into the Inner Membrane Space, creating a proton gradient.
- The Mitochondrion uses the potential energy stored in the proton gradient to create ATP ( The protons are forced through an enzyme called the ATP Synthase that forms a chanel in the membrane , releasing the protons and using their potential energy to add phosphate to ADP to make ATP
- The spent electrons are added to O2 ( what is breathed in) along with protons to make water.
4.
Products of Glycosis
2 molecules of ATP
Pyruvate
Products of Krebs cycle
2 molecules of ATP
CO2
Products of ETC
water
ATP