Cellular Respiration Chapter 6.8

Question 1

The two anaerobic metabolic pathways that some organisms use to generate ATP

Answer 1

1. Anaerobic Respiration

2. Fementation

Question 2

Anaerobic Respiration

Answer 2

Essentially the same as aerobic respiration except an inorganic molecule other than O2 is the electron acceptor at the end of the ETC.

Question 3

Example of alternative electron acceptors are

what do bacteria and archaea use them to produce

Answer 3

NO3 (nitrate) =Nitrogen gas,
Sulphate= Hydrogen Sulphate
Co2 = Methane Gas ( CH4)

Question 4

The number of ATP generated per molecule of glucose depends on what

Answer 4

The electron acceptor at the end of the ETC ( anaerobic always yield less than aerobic)

Question 5

Example of greenhouse gasses

Answer 5

Co2 and methane Ch4

Question 6

Organisms that use fermentation

Answer 6

Acquire ATP only from Glycolysis

Some microorganisms

Question 7

Aerobic Respiration vs Fermentation

Answer 7

In FERMENTION Glycolysis still yields 2 ATPS, 2 NADH , 2 molecules of pyruvate per molecule of glucose.
Nadh does not donate its electrons to an electron transport chain.
Pyruvate is not further oxidized.

Question 8

What happens to the electrons and Nadh produced in glycolysis

Answer 8

Nadh reduces pyruvate producing NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue ( 2 NAD+ and 2 H+= 2 NADH)
N0 additional ATP is generated.

Question 9

BEcause of the inefficiency of fermentation where do most fermenters live

Answer 9

microorganisms live in sugar rich environments

Question 10

Alcoholic Fermentation produces

Answer 10

Ethanol

Question 11

The steps of Alcoholic Fermentation

Answer 11

1. Pyruvate is converted to acetaldehyde and Carbon dioxide

2. Nadh reduces acetdehyde to produce NAD+ and etanol

Question 12

Lactic acid fermentation

Answer 12

NADH is used to reduce pyruvate .

The products are 3 carbon compounds ( lactic acid and NAD+

Question 13

Lactic acid fermentation in Human muscles

Answer 13

during strenuous exercise after 02 is depleted, the mucle can only get ATP FROM GLYCOLYSIS ( The cells use lactic acid fermentation to generate NAD+ so that glycolysis can continue.

Question 14

The recovery process afterLactic acid fermentation in Human muscles

Answer 14

liver cells convert lactic acid back pyruvate. Mitochondria then process the pyruvate as usual by aerobic respiration