Chapter 10.8

Question 1

Human MENDELIAN TRAITS

Answer 1

Are traits determined by single genes with alleles that are either dominant or recessive

Question 2

The 2 modes of inheritance exhibited by autosomal genes

Answer 2

1. Autosomal Dominant
2. Autosomal recessive

Question 3

AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT

DISORDER

Answer 3

A disorder that is expressed in heterozygotes and therefore typically apppears in every generation.

Because the allele is dominant and located on an autosome , one or both of the affected individual’s parents must also have the disorder ( unless the diseae causing allele was caused by a new mutation)

Question 4

If a heterozygous generation arises in which no individuals inherit a autosomaldominant disorder allele what occurs

Answer 4

transmissionof the disorder stops in the family

Question 5

ATUOSOMAL RECESSIVE DISORDER

Answer 5

Requires that a person receive the disease causing allele from both parents

Each parents must have atleast one copy of the allele ( either because they are homozygous recessive or heterozygous and are carriers

Question 6

What are considered **CARRIERS **in autosomal disorders

Answer 6

AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE _ heterozygotes that carry only one recessive allele

Question 7

To be AFFECTED with a autosomal disorder

Answer 7

1. Autosomal dominant : a heterozygote with at least one of the disorder allele (hyterozygous dominant)
2. Autosomal recessive: homozygous recessive , individual carring 2 recesseive alleles for the disease

Question 8

The parent of Autosomal dominant disorder individual

Answer 8

1 or both is affected

Question 9

The parent of autosomal recessive disorder individiual

Answer 9

both parents must have ateast one copy of the disease causing allele

Question 10

why would autosomal recessive disorders seem to skip a generation

Answer 10

because both parents are carriers neither are affected. They can each donate their unaffected chromosome

Question 11

PEDIGREE

Answer 11

charts depicting family relationships and phenotypes

Question 12

The legend maps for pedigree charts

Answer 12

1. Squares: males
2. Females
3. Colored shapes: afffected
4. Half colored shapes : carrier
5. Horizontal lines : connect parentsElevated horizintal: connect siblings
6. Vertical lines: connect siblings to their parents

Question 13

The inheritance in future generations in AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT

Answer 13

Every generation with have the disease

Question 14

The inheritance of AUTOSOMAL RECESSIVE DISODERS in future generations

Answer 14

It may skip generations, there maybe carriers instead.

Question 15

. How are pedigrees helpful in determining a disorder’s mode of inheritance

Answer 15

Pedigrees track a trait through multiple generations and allow the pattern of transmission and inheritance to be studied. Pedigrees also may help predict the appearance of the trait in future generations.

Question 16

How do the pedigrees differ for autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, and X-linked recessive conditions?

Answer 16

Autosomal dominant pedigrees show affected individuals in every generation and all affected individuals have at least one affected parent. Autosomal recessive conditions show a pedigree in which affected individuals can have normal parents, and the condition often skips generations. X-linked recessive conditions appear in pedigrees where more males are affected than females; also, affected males can have normal parents, but affected females must also have an affected father.