DNA Extra

Question 1

DNA means

Answer 1

Deoxyribonucleic acid. A macromolecule=nucleic acid. Many nucleotide join together =nucleic acid= DNA

Question 2

What is it

Answer 2

it is the hereditary material of almost all organisms

Question 3

nearly every cell in an organisms body has the same DNA

Answer 3

nearly every cell in an organisms body has the same DNA

Question 4

Location of DNA in the cells

Answer 4

1. Most of DNA is found In the Nucleus ( called nuclear DNA)
2. Small amount found In the mitochondria ( called mitochondrial DNA or mtDNA)
3. Chloroplasts of plants

Question 5

How is information in DNA stored

Answer 5

as a code made up of four chemical bases

1. adenine
2. Thymine
3. Guanine
4. Cytosine

Question 6

What determines the information available to build and maintain an organism.

Answer 6

The order or sequence of the bases.these bases determines what biological instructions are contained in a strand of DNA. For example, the sequence ATCGTT might instruct for blue eyes, while ATCGCT might instruct for brown.
The size of a gene may vary greatly, ranging from about 1,000 bases to 1 million bases in humans.

Question 7

Organisms inherit all their mitochondrial DNA from which parent

Answer 7

The mother :This occurs because only egg cells, and not sperm cells, keep their mitochondria during fertilization.

Question 8

Gene

Answer 8

Each DNA sequence ( specific section) that contains instructions to make a protein is known as a gene

Question 9

Genome

Answer 9

The complete DNA instruction book, or genome, for a human contains about 3 billion bases and about 20,000 genes on 23 pairs of chromosomes

Question 10

DNA’s instructions are used to make proteins in a two-step process.

Answer 10

when proteins are being made, the double helix unwinds to allow a single strand of DNA to serve as a template. This template strand is then transcribed into mRNA, which is a molecule that conveys vital instructions to the cell’s protein-making machinery.
1.First, enzymes read the information in a DNA molecule and transcribe it into an intermediary molecule called messenger ribonucleic acid, or mRNA.

2.Next, the information contained in the mRNA molecule is translated into the “language” of amino acids, which are the building blocks of proteins. This language tells the cell’s protein-making machinery the precise order in which to link the amino acids to produce a specific protein. This is a major task because there are 20 types of amino acids, which can be placed in many different orders to form a wide variety of proteins.