Mitch test Flashcards
1
Q
What does WHMIS mean?
A
Workplace hazardous material information system
2
Q
3 common sources of thermal energy
A
mechanical chemical electrical energy
3
Q
When Do you call PAR?
A
When do you call PAR?
Timing and frequency may depend on the situation and needs of the incident. In addition,
a PAR must be provided when or if the following events occur:
• When entering a building
• When exiting a building
• Whenever Command asks for it
Example: Command will request a PAR from sector officers following
a “Mayday” being initiated over the radio
4
Q
The two water entry suits available for EFRS are:
A
Immersion ice rescue suit - Mustang Ice Commander
Dry suit - water rescue -
Kokatat GFER
Mustang Sentinal
5
Q
Who is responsible for approving 1 & 2 consecutive shifts?
A
Senior Station Captain
6
Q
Personal webbing is ___ color. with a breaking strength of ___kn. it is __mm wide and __ meters long. it should be secured in the __ __ __ of your ___ ___ and tied together using a __ __
A
orange 17.5 25mm 6 m ride leg pocket protective trousers (bunker pants) ring bend
7
Q
Notices and bulletins are generally located in the ___ and in the ___
A
Kitchen
Captains office
8
Q
What is the minimum staffing for EFRS?
A
198 members per shift
9
Q
4 steps to perform a ff drag?
A
Find their personal webbing
Re-adjust their harness
Position the sling for the firefighter drag
Attach your own sling to further complete the dragging harness
10
Q
Describe PACCAN
A
Pass alarm air ommunicate conditions actions needs
11
Q
on board water capacity of efrs units
A
mule 250 ladder. 1134 atp. 1442 pump. 1817 quints. 1818 tanker. 4500 super tank. 13500
12
Q
What should the FF know about the station printer?
A
Location of the printer
Ensure sufficient paper is available How to load paper
Ensure that the printer is on-line
13
Q
3 types of utility rope
A
walk up apartments drop bag 20m 10mm Nylon double braided
guideline (life line) coils 30 m 6mm N/fiber kernmantle
Heavy utility rope 45m 16mm Nylon double braided
14
Q
____ is a reaction that emulsifies the oil to form a type of soap that floats on the surface of the oil and prec
A
saponication
15
Q
What are the 4 stages of a fire development?
A
Incipient
Growth
Full developed
Decay
16
Q
___ ___Is the temperature at which sufficient vapors are being generated to sustain the combustion reaction
A
Fire Point
17
Q
T/F a leg lock is an acceptable substitute for the ladder belt
A
F
18
Q
Who is responsible for ensuring members do not exceed a total of ___ shifts traded?
A
22 Platoon Chief
19
Q
What are the 3 lvls of Fire ground organization?
A
Strategic levels – these are command functions
Tactical levels – these are sector functions
Task levels – these are the tasks of the fire fighters within a sector.
20
Q
__ __ a form of oxidation, is a chemical reaction that increases the temperature of a material without the addition of external heat
A
Self Heating
21
Q
2 types of hydrant supply?
A
dead end hydrant
circulating loop hydrant
22
Q
T-Codes
___ - Training, not available to respond
___ - Fire Inspections
___ - Community events, available to respond
___ - Training, Available to respond
___ - Community events, not available to respond
___ - Equipment maintence and testing
A
T-CODES
TO1 – Training, available to respond
TO2 – Training, not available to respond
TO3 – Equipment maintenance and testing
TO4 – Fire inspections
TO5 – Community event, available to respond
TO6 – Community event, not available to respond
Notify Dispatch of your status when the activity is initiated, and when you have returned to service after the activity is completed
23
Q
Hand held port fore extinguishers can weigh a max of _____ kg in size
A
25 kg
24
Q
What are the 4 categories of hazards to fire hose?
A
Mechanical
chemical
thermal
organic
25
a class ____ extinguisher which would be used on cloth or paper products, has identifiers such as a ____ symbol, _______ in color. its rating is identified through the extinguishment of wood crib of ____ pieces of ___ x ___ x _____ cm boards. Each crib that size qualifies the extinguisher with a ___ ____ rating which is also equivalent to ___ litres of water. knowing this info one can rate a backpack extinguisher which carries ____ litres of water to a ___ ___ rating.
A triangle green. 50. 5x5x50. 1A 5 litres. 20 litres. 4 A
26
What is EFRS vision statement
To make Edmonton a safer, more livable city by providing the best fire rescue
services in North America.
27
fire hydrant flow and nfpa color codes
Blue/black/silver. >5700
Green. 3800-5700
yellow/orange. 1900-3800
red. <1900
28
7 Components of ICAW
```
Accountability
Outline of the emergency site plan
Plan of attack
Progress
Available resources
Transfer of command
Final report
```
29
What is the environmental standard that the city of Edmonton uses and what are the three components?
ISO 14001
CPR - Continual Environmental Improvement
Pollution Prevention
Regulatory Compliance
30
All members shall not?
All Members Shall Not
Engage in any activity that is detrimental to the department.
Engage in a conflict of interest to the department
Use their position with the department for personal gain or influence.
Fight.
Abuse their sick leave.
Steal.
Use alcoholic beverages, debilitating drugs, or any substance which could impair their
physical or mental capabilities while on duty.
Engage in any sexual activity while on duty.
31
a __ ___ label which can be found ___ rungs below the tip or below the ___ rung of any one section, changes to a (lighter/darker) when exposed to temperatues measuring __ celsius +/-___ degrees
heat sensor 2 center darker color 149 degrees 5 degrees
32
Define Disorientation
Disorientation is the state of having lost the sense of time, place, or identity. Like
claustrophobia, disorientation can bring on a panic state, and like claustrophobia, it can
be countered. It is not unusual that we fear disorientation.
33
Hose testing standard
44 2100 kpa 3min
65 2100
125 1400
34
Three methods of requesting EFRS?
Telephone - 911
Radio
Walk-in
35
In regards to high temps, what are 3 types of injuries?
Thermal burns
respiratory burns
heat stress resulting in cardiovascular collapse
36
T/F gate valve hydrants take 20+ turns to open?
f
37
4 Variables of a flashover
Ceiling height
compartment size
Ventilation
Insulating qualities
38
Each Platoon works ___ days rotating shifts of ___days, ___ nights, ___days off,___days___nights,___days off.
16,2,2,2,2,2,6
39
Name 9 rules for rope usage?
DO NOT STEP ON THE ROPE.
Protect the rope at abrasion points.
Do not overload a rope.
NEVER TOW A VEHICLE with a life safety rope.
Do not over bend a rope – strive to maintain a bend radius of 4 times the rope
diameter.
Do not leave knots tied in a stored rope (unless they are left loosely tied).
Store ropes using appropriate methods.
Protect a rope from falling objects.
Protect the rope from sources of high heat
40
4 resp hazards that ff wil face?
02 deficiency
High temp
smoke
toxins
41
How many stations are currently active?
28
42
What are 5 reasons to call MAYDAY
If you feel you’re in a compromised position
If you find a downed firefighter or a member of your crew goes down.
If you or your crew are caught in flashover, backdraft, or explosion
You become tangled or pinned and self rescue has not worked in 60 seconds.
If you or a member of your crew has fallen through a floor or roof.
Your primary exit is blocked and you are unable to reach secondary exit in 60
seconds.
Your or a member of your crews, low air alarm activation and you are unable to
reach an exit or window in 30 seconds.
You have become lost or separated from your crew and you are unable to find
exit.
Disoriented and unable to find exit in 60 seconds
Entrapment with low air alarm activating
43
What is in our hydrant kit (including # of each item)
```
2 storz wrenchs
1 adjustible hydrant wrench
1 combination wrench
1 banner guard
1 butterfly key
1 rubber mallet
```
44
__ __ is the tendency of gases to form into layers according to temperature.
Thermal Layering
45
Define Combustion?
Combustion defined is a chemical process of oxidization that occurs at a rate fast enough to produce heat and usually light in the form of either a glow or a flame
46
The pass alarm will go into alarm after ______ seconds of inactivity and go into full alarm after an additional ____ seconds
20
| 10
47
fire hydrant 4 service rings color and meaning
White - fd use only
blue - hydrant in use (with permission)
orange - out of service (non operational)
green - under construction (do not use - no water)
48
Name the 4 benchmark Fire Command must achieve are?
Primary Search Complete
Fire Under Control
Secondary Search Complete
Fire Out
49
9 sections of MSDS?
1. Product Identification & Use
The name and intended use of the product. The name and address of the producer
and/or supplier; must be the same as shown on the supplier label.
2. Hazardous Ingredients:
The names, concentration and other details of known hazardous ingredients in the
product. As well as other ingredients which the employer or supplier suspects may be
hazardous, or whose dangers to the body are unknown.
3. Physical Data
The properties of the material in the product, such as physical state, pH, smell,
appearance, specific gravity, and vapor density, freezing point, etc.
4. Fire and Explosion Data
The flash point, ignition temperatures, UEL, LEL, and other similar data as well as
the means to extinguish the burning product.
5. Reactivity Data
Details of the materials stability, incompatibility with other material and reactions to
conditions such as light, heat, moisture, and vibration. As well as any hazardous
products produced by decomposition of the material.
6. Toxicological Properties
Details as to the routes of entry into the body as well as the acute and chronic adverse
health effects from exposure to the material.
7. Preventative Measures
Instructions for the safe storage, handling, use of, and disposal of the hazardous
material. Will describe the required personal protective equipment, engineering
controls and any special shipping information.
8. First-Aid Measures
Instructions for the initial treatment of those who have been exposed the material.
9. Preparation Information
The name and telephone number of the person or company who prepared the MSDS
information and the date of the preparation.
50
5 factors that affect woods reaction to heat and fire?
```
Density of the wood
Size and form of wood
Moisture content
Rate of preheating
Ignition source.
```
51
Ff can be exposed to loud noises in 3 locations?
Fire station activity.
Responding to calls.
At the emergency scene.
52
What are the 3 ties groups and briefly describe them?
Hitches - defined as a configuration of a rope that needs an object within to retain its integrity
bends - Defined as a tie that is used to join two pieces of rope, or webbing, together
knots - defined as a rope intertwined within itself to form a predetermined configuration
53
What are the 3 basic configuration in a rope?
loop- the rope crosses itself to form a circle
round turn- the rope is wrapped two or more times on itself
bight - a section of the rope doubled on itself without crossing itself
54
A fire cut would typically by found on which type of construction?
Type III ORdinary construction
55
T/F the siamese wye connection and gated wye all have the same unit loss
T
56
How much Hi-Vol is stored on what trucks?
20 lengths - Pump
15 Lengths - Tanker
9 Lengths - Ladder
4 Lengths - Quint
57
The hold down clip and thumb delease tab are designed to break at ____ Ibs of force
50
58
Ladder placement
Roof access
position the ladder with _ _ rungs above the roof line or balcony railing
Ventilations
Position the ladder on the ___ side of the window, ladder tip ___ with the top of the window
Hose stream
Position the ladder directly in ___ of the window with the tip on the wall ___ the top of the window
Entry/egress/rescue
(small window) position the ladder tio ___ or just below the window sill in the ___ of the window
(Large window or conscious patient) position the ladder so 2 or rungs are ___ the room and ___ the window sill
Roof access
3-5
Ventilations
Upwind - even
Hose Stream
front - above
Entry/Egress/rescue
even - middle
inside - above
59
In N-95, N means ____ _____ ______ ____ and 95 means ____% ______
Not resistant to oil
| 95 Filter efficiency
60
In regards to fire extinguishers, list the color and symbol used with each class fir
A - Triangle - green - wood,cloth paper
B - square - red - oils and greases flam comb liquids
C - circle - blue - fires involving energized electrical
D - star - yellow - comb metals
K - - - commercial cooking units involving vegetable or animal oils and fats
61
A full scba is at _____ but requires refilling at _______ or lower. scba may require maintenance if there is a ___to______ psi difference in pressure between the cylinder and chest mounted guage. also, the high pressure decreases the incoming cylinder pressure down to _____ to ___ psi and the E-z flow regulator reduces to ____ to _____ psi. lastly, the vibra alarm goes off at ____ psi
4500 - 3600 300-400. 85-110
| .8 - 1.5 psi. 1200 psi
62
What are the 3 parts of the rope and briefly explain them?
1. The Working end: The end used to form a tie.
2. The Standing part: The part of the rope used for the descent or ascent
3. the Running End: The unused rope left in the bag
63
What are the 3 methods used to gain information during a size up?
Visual Factors: Information Fire Command can see from the command post
• Type of building – construction, occupancy, obvious outside hazards.
• Location, volume, velocity, density, and color of the smoke coming from
the structure
• Weather
Reconnaissance Factors: Information received from other officers on the scene,
or others assigned specifically to get information requested by command
• Crews inside the structure will relay fire, smoke, & heat conditions to
Command
• Information that is gathered by crews from occupants exiting the structure,
bystanders, and other non-departmental services involved in the event.
Pre-Fire Assessment Factors: Pre-fire planning information that is
determined in advance of the incident.
• Pre-fire planning information gathered from pre-fire inspections will afford
information such as life hazards, numbers and locations of occupants,
access to the structure, floor plans, and the nature of interior and exterior
exposures.
64
When a tie is applied to rope, the rope will lose __% of its strength. IF the rope is wet, the rope will lose an addition __ to __ % of its strength. (are those two facts cumulative Y/N)
30 10-15 Y
65
List all 10 PPE for structural ff?
1. Fire Helmet
2. Flash Hood
3. Protective Coat (Bunker coat)
4. Protective Trousers (Bunker pants)
5. Firefighter Gloves
6. Firefighting Boots
7. Eye Protection
8. Hearing Protection
9. Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA) complete with PASS alarm
10. Face Piece
66
What are the 6 classes of WHMIS?
Class A – Compressed Gas
A substance, that at room temperature (200
C) is in a gaseous state and
kept under pressure.
Class B – Flammable and Combustible Material
A solid, liquid, or gas, that will ignite and continue to burn if exposed to flame. This
class includes six divisions:
• Division 1 – Flammable Gas
• Division 2 – Flammable Liquid
• Division 3 – Combustible Liquid (flash point >37.80
C)
• Division 4 – Flammable Solid
• Division 5 – Flammable Aerosol
• Division 6 – Reactive Flammable Material
Class C – Oxidizing Material
This is a substance that will cause another substance to burn.
Class D – Poisonous & Infectious Material
A substance that may cause acute or chronic toxic effects of varying levels. This class
includes three divisions.
Division 1 – Materials that cause immediate and harmful effects
including death, within a short period of time after exposure.
Division 2 – Materials that cause other toxic effects over days,
months or years after one or more exposures. Materials causing
cancer are included in this division.
Division 3 – Bio hazardous infectious material or organisms that
may cause serious infectious diseases.
School/recruits/manual/01 March 2016 Page 11
Class E – Corrosive Material
A substance that will erode steel or aluminum or destroy animal tissues.
Class F – Dangerously Reactive Material
A substance that will react with water to produce poisonous gas or will
undergo a reaction if the container is heated, pressurized, or agitated.
67
define flow pressure
static pressure
residual pressure
normal consumption pressure
Static Pressure – pressure of the water when it is not moving.
Normal Operating Pressure - pressures within water distribution system during
normal consumption demands.
Residual Pressure - total available pressure not used to overcome friction or gravity when water is flowing through system.
Flow Pressure - forward velocity pressure at any discharge opening.
68
Definition of Flashover?
flashover defined is a very rapid transition from local burning of the contents within a compartment to widespread burning of all exposed fuels within that compartment.
69
What are the 4 org principles and briefly describe them?
Discipline
Discipline refers to an organization’s responsibility to provide the direction needed to
satisfy the goals and objectives of the organization. This direction may come in the
form of rules, regulations, or policies, to define the limits or boundaries for expected
performance. The rules of the organization must be clearly written and presented.
Discipline within the Edmonton Fire rescue Service is defined within the Standard
Operating Procedures (SOP’s) and the Standard Operating Guidelines (SOG’s).
Unity of Command
The chain of command is the pathway of responsibility from the highest to the lowest
level of the department. The chain of command operates based on Unity of command,
The principle that a person can report to only one officer (supervisor).
Directly, each subordinate reports to their designated officer.
Indirectly, everyone reports to the fire chief through the chain of command. (See
fire/rescue operations flow chart)
Span of Control
The chain of command is coordinated and maintained by a span of control.
Span of control is defined as:
The number of personnel one individual can effectively manage.
A rule of thumb in the fire service is that an officer can directly supervise
three to seven firefighters, or functional units, effectively.
• A functional unit could be a staffed fire apparatus (pump, rescue, ladder,
tanker) or a task force (a group of similar apparatus).
Division of Labour
Division of Labour is the dividing of large operations into smaller manageable tasks.
These small tasks are then assigned to specific individuals. Division of labour is
necessary in the fire service for the following reasons:
Safety and accountability of personnel
To prevent duplication of effort.
To define specific and clear –cut assignments.
To assign responsibility for the tasks outlined
70
What 2 elements are vital to any emergency communication?
Time and Accuracy
71
The Chief of the EFRS, ___ ____ is supported by ____ deputy chief and following the chain of command is indirectly supported by ___ Platoon Chiefs and ___ District Chief.
Ken Block, 5, 4, 20
72
Define Fire?
Fire defined is a rapid oxidization process, which is a chemical reaction resulting in the evolution of light and heat in varying intensities
73
Ropes - widths and breaking strength
```
6mm 9.7Kn
8 14KN
9 16Kn
11.1 27Kn
13 46Kn
```
74
Name 4 uses for the hasty sling
Hasty Harness
used as a foot purchase for FF ladder safety
Hose drag
Patient ladder rescue
75
What does CAD stand for?
Computer aided dispatch
76
Definition of hydraulics
The study of fluids at rest and in motion
77
SOPS are considered the ___ of the ___. They use words such as ___ and ___
Laws dept
| Must and will
78
ROT for head pressure is ___kpa for every __m above the pumper or for __ __ above the pumper __ kpa is added to the pump pressure
10kpa 1m
| every floor 35kpa
79
Name 2 psychological effects that can result in vision obscured environments
disorientation
| claustrophobia
80
What are 3 components of WHMIS
Labels
MSDS material safety data sheets
Worker education
81
3 types of mechanical energy and briefly describe them
Adiabatic Compression
• Adiabatic compression is the generation of heat when a gas is
compressed.
SCBA bottles become warm after they have been filled because air has
been compressed in them. If a flammable mixture is compressed rapidly,
the heat produced by the compression may raise the temperature of the
mixture to its ignition point. Diesel engines utilise the principle of
adiabatic compression to ignite fuel vapour.
Friction
• The heat that results from two or more surfaces rubbing together may reach a point where
enough heat is produced to become a source of ignition.
The belt rubbing on the wheel of a motor is an example of heat created by friction.
Friction Sparks
• Friction sparks include the sparks which result from the
impact of two hard surfaces, at least one of which is
usually metal.
82
When inflating the RDC the operator must ensure that the fill valves are placed OPEN/CLOSED position which is accomplishing by turning them CLOCKWISE/COUNTERCLOCKWISE
Closed
clockwise
83
In our SOG #2C - 6.50 Version 4 what is in our Order of dress #3?
Shoes, socks, pants, red tunic, dress cap
84
T/F The first arriving district Chief must assume the role of IC
False
The first arriving District Chief must assume the role of Safety Officer. The Safety
Officer is responsible for the safety of overall site safety, including all on scene
emergency responders.
85
What is PAR? When do you have it?
Personnel Accountability Report (PAR)
When do you have PAR?
You can touch, see (line of sight) or hear your crew members then you are considered to
have PAR.
86
Definition of Ventilation?
Ventilation, as applied to firefighting, is the planned and systematic, release and removal of heated air, smoke, and toxic gases from a confined area and the controlled replacement of these products of combustion with a supply of cooler, fresh air.
87
```
5 Gold Bars -
4 Gold Bars -
3 Gold Bars -
2 Gold Bars -
2 Silver Bars -
```
```
Fire Chief
Deputy Chief
Platoon Chief
District Chief
Captain Fire Rescue
Chief of Special Ops
Fire Marshall
Chief of Training
Assistant Fire Marshall
Chief of Services
Captain Fire Investigations
Training Officer
Captain Fire Prevention
Chief of logistics and services
Chief of investigations
Chief of Dispatch
Assistant Training Chief
Dispatch Captain
```
```
5 Gold - 1
4 Gold - 1
3 Gold - 6
2 Gold - 4
2 Silver - 5
```
88
A major Crew is defined as _____
1 officer and 2 or more firefighters
89
A collapse zone is __ times the height of the building
1.5
90
What are the duties of small gate and big gate?
```
Big gate position
Duties of Big Gate for the purpose of laying
a supply line in a forward lay.
1. Safely dismount the apparatus wearing
all PPE carrying a radio.
2. Remove the hydrant gate from the
rear of the apparatus.
3. Wrap 125 mm hose around the hydrant.
4. Stand on the hose and signal small gate
when ready.
5. When the apparatus is stopped or when
it is safe to do so, remove steamer cap
from hydrant.
6. Inspect the barrel of hydrant and
connect gate.
7. Ensure that the drain valve on hydrant
gate is in the open position.
8. Radio or signal driver or sector officer
that you are ready to turn on the
hydrant.
9. Open hydrant when ordered by driver
or sector officer, close drain valve.
10. Gather tools, remove kinks in the hose
and report to your officer for
reassignment.
```
```
Small gate position
Duties of Small gate for the purpose of
laying a supply line to the apparatus at
the scene or to itself
1. Safely dismount the apparatus wearing
all PPE carrying a radio.
2. If riding on a new Smeal Pumper
ensure the coffin doors are electrically
opened -- allows for free travel of hose
when the vehicle is in motion, the
apparatus will need to have the park
break engaged.
3. Retrieve hydrant kit from the driver
rear compartment of apparatus.
4. Place hydrant kit near the hydrant in a
practical location for Big gate.
5. Help Big gate with the supply line and
wait for the ready signal.
6. Return to your position in the apparatus
and relay the ready signal to the driver
and officer.
7. At the scene. Safely dismount the unit
and un-couple the supply line at the
nearest joint.
8. Attach the supply line to the
appropriate apparatus at the scene.
*Utilize the pony length when it
is advantageous to do so
9. If located at the intake connection,
open intake drain valve.
10. Communicate to the driver of the
apparatus that the line is ready
11. Report to your officer for
reassignment.
```
91
Define Claustrophobia
Claustrophobia is the fear of being in enclosed or narrow spaces. Almost everyone
experiences some degree of discomfort or fear when confined to a dark or enclosed
space. This fear does not mean you are claustrophobic unless it disables you or sparks a
panic reaction that leads to irrational behaviour.
92
What hoses are carried on the EFRS units
25mm -tanker - super tanker - atp
38mm -tanker - super tanker - atp - pump
44mm - tanker - super tanker - pump - ladder
65mm - tanker - super tanker - atp - pump - ladder
125mm - tanker - super tanker - pump - ladder
150mm - tanker - super tanker - pump
93
__ __ is the ratio of the mass of a given volume of a liquid compared with the mass of an equal volume of water at the same temperature.
specific gravity
94
The process by which solids undergo change directly to a gas is referred to as ___
Pyrolosis
95
what are the 3 limitations of scba?
Limitations of Air Supply
Capacity of the air cylinder (i.e. Escape bottle, 45 minute bottle, 60 minute bottle, Supplied air).
Pressure available in cylinder.
Limitations of Equipment
Face piece creates some limited visibility for the user.
Face piece does decrease the ability to communicate.
Increased weight and decreased mobility cause an increased work load to the user.
Limitations of the Wearer
The wearer must be in sound physical condition (muscular, cardiovascular and
respiratory) in order to maximize the operation time of SCBA equipment.
Poor physical conditioning increases air consumption with minimal work load, this limits the fire fighter’s ability to perform and task safely and increases the chance of injury.
Good agility will aid in overcoming obstacles in the environment and the restrictions imposed by the fire fighter’s PPE.
Facial features affect the wearer’s ability to get a good face piece-to-face seal.
Emotional stability, the ability to maintain control in a high stress environment.
96
LEL can be defined as the ___ concentration of a ____ or ___ __ in __ that will support combustion
Lowest Combustible flammable gas air
97
What is 3x4 using the radio readability scale?
```
Bad
poor
fair
good
excellent
```
98
What are the 5 types of defined harassment?
Physical, Sexual, Visual, Verbal, Emotional
99
__ __ are the forces that work against a structures ability to remain standing?
Structural loads or simple loads,
100
what is RIC?
rapid intervention crew
101
Vehicle. extinguisher. class. rating. discharge time. discharge distance
Vehicle Extinguisher Class Rating Discharge Time Discharge
Distance
Pump
Tanker
ATP
Back-pack pump (20L H2O) A 4A 60-180 sec 3-9 m
Dry Chemical ABC 20A60BC 10-25 sec 2-4.5m
CO2 BC 10BC 10-30 sec 1-2.5m
Rescue
Dry Chemical
CO2
Metal X D ** 10-25 sec 2-4.5m
Ladder
Dry Chemical
CO2
Metal X (Quints)
102
Request for change of shift, describe the 4 responsibilities of a member involved?
Complete and sign the Shift Trade Form
Submit the completed for to the Station Captain for approval.
Report for duty at the appropriate station at the appropriate time.
Arrange for a qualified replacement, to report for duty in the event that the member
responsible for the trade is unable to fulfill their obligation.
103
what are the 4 components of the SCBA
Harness
pass system
Face Piece
cylinder
104
Walls that laterally support the weight of the building along their length including their own weight are referred to as __ __ walls.
Load bearing
105
Draw a coupling showing which direction is towards the fire.
bump bump to the pump
female to fire
male to water
106
The initial report at the scene of an emergency must include?
Unit Identification
Size Up - including a description of the building, occupancy and emergency scene
Summary of fire/emergency conditions
Initial Plan of action
Identify who is assuming Fire Command, and where fire command is located
(A,B,C,D)
107
```
manufacturers recommended life span of rescue rope (without any rope usage)
1 yr
5 yr
10 yr
15 yr
```
5 years
108
T/F aVK operations is imiliar to compression type hydrants
T
109
Name 4 types of ladder raises
beam raise
flat ladder raise
extension ladder raise
roof ladder raise
110
Name all of the Dep Fire Chief and 4 sections of their portfolio they are responsible for?
```
DEPUTY FIRE CHIEF
OF OPERATIONS (Robert MacDonald)
```
```
Fire Suppression Event Response
Medical Event Response
Rescue Event Response
Hazard Materials Event Response
Regional Mutual Aid Event response
Specialty Operations
```
DEPUTY FIRE CHIEF
OF TRAINING AND
LOGISTICS (Keven Lefebvre)
Training and E-Learning
Fire Rescue Facilities
Fire Rescue Fleet and Apparatus Equipment
Logistical Planning (PPE, SCBA and Firefighter Equipment)
Health and Wellness Program
DEPUTY FIRE CHIEF
OF PUBLIC SAFETY
(Russell Croome)
```
Quality Management Plan (QMP)
Fire Prevention and Public Education
Fire Inspections
Fire Investigations
EFRS/EPS Partnered Arson Investigations
Fire Protection Engineering
```
DEPUTY FIRE CHIEF
OF TECHNICAL SERVICES (Bryan Singleton)
```
Call Evaluation and Dispatch Services/Communication
Data and Analytics
Public Safety Technology
Mapping Services
Environmental Management
Fire Accreditation
```
DEPUTY FIRE CHIEF
OF OFFICE of EMERGENCY
MANAGEMENT (Rob Squire)
```
Emergency Operations Center ( EOC)
Emergency Management Planning
Emergency Management Training and Public Awareness
Emergency Support Response Team
Corporate Business Continuity Planning
```
111
What does the mnemonic REACT and PASS mean
```
R escue
e ensure door is closed
a activate alarm
c call 911
t try to extinguish
```
P ull pin
A im
S queez
S weep
112
A __ __ extends from the foundation through the roof of the building to a height sufficient to keep fire from jumping the wall. It must withstand a fire at least __ hours or more.
Fire wall 4
113
Which of the following is an advantage of polyolefin rope?
a it is resistant to acids
b it is resistant to abrasion
c it is resistant to ultraviolet light degradation
d it has high shock loading capabilities
A
114
In regards to fire helmet, describe which members wears which helmet
Black with yellow illumination -
black with red/yellow illumination -
Black with red illumination -
White -
ff
ffq
captain
chief
115
What are the 8 talk groups used by the EFRS communications system?
FIRE, EMS, HOSPITAL, MUTUAL, NATIONAL, SIMPLEX.
| EBACKUP2, FBACKUP2
116
T/F the first arriving pump is responsible for assuming Fire Command at the scene of an incident?
T
117
what are the 3 physical states that matter can exist in?
Solid
Gas
Liquid
118
What are the Core Values and briefly describe them?
SERVICE – We fulfill our mission to serve the public 24 hours a day, 7 days a week,
365 days a year.
• SAFETY – We make public safety and firefighter safety our number one priority
through ongoing training, development and innovation.
• RELATIONSHIPS – We build and maintain public trust through integrity,
dedication, professionalism and accountability.
• TEAMWORK – We work together as a team. We can only achieve our mission and
our other core values by working closely with our internal and external partners.
119
T/F the pass if in low or high alarm can be reset by wiggling your hips to reset the pass system
F
120
What is the definition of matter?
Anything that occupies space and has mass
121
the __ __ is the portion of a fire or party wall that extends above the roof of the building to prevent fire spread across the roofs surface
parapet 18 inches 457 mm
122
What are the 3 strategic choices command must develop?
Command must develop a strategy to address the responsibilities of rescue, fire control,
salvage, and personnel safety. The strategic choices may be an offensive interior attack,
a defensive exterior attack, or hold-in-place non-attack to assist in evacuation.
An offensive interior attack is initiated when fire conditions are reasonably safe to
do so. Fire conditions must closely monitored noting the position of interior crews. In addition preparations must be made to quickly switch to a defensive
exterior attack.
A defensive exterior attack is initiated when fire conditions are unsafe to enter the
structure, lives are not threatened, and/or the property is un-savable. I.e. old barn
fully involved in fire.
A hold-in-place strategy is initiated when safety is uncertain and immediate
evacuation must be initiated. I.e. Bomb threat.
123
Water is transformed to vapor at a ratio of ___ to ___
1 to 1700
124
which of the following is an advantage of nylon synthetic fibers?
a it is resistant to acids
b it is resistant to ultraviolet light degradation
c it is resistant to rot
d it only loses 10-15% of strength when wet
C
125
___ ___ refers to the ratio of the mass of a given volume of gas compared with the mass of an equal volume of air
Vapor density
126
What are the 10 command functions?
1. Assume an effective command position and confirm operations.
2. Rapidly size-up the situation.
3. Initiate, maintain and control the communications process.
4. Identify the overall strategy and develop an attack plan and assign crews.
5. Develop an effective fire ground organization.
6. Provide continuing command within the framework of department standard
operating procedures.
7. Coordinate the transfer of command as required.
8. Review, evaluate, and revise attack plan as required.
9. Request and assign additional crews as required.
10. Terminate operations/command and return crews to service.
127
What is the chain of command from the fire chief and upwards?
Fire Chief GM of Community Services City Manager City Council
128
In a rescue bag, what are the 4 colors and lengths of webbing? (also, how many of each)
2 green - 1.5m
2 yellow - 3.5m
2 blue - 4.5 m
2 red - 6m
129
What is OSB?
Oriented strand board
130
Name the operation hazards when setting up a ladder
Overhead electrical lines
• Always check for the location of electrical lines before you set up a ladder.
Remember, aluminum ladders conduct electricity.
Uneven surface – avoid uneven ground if possible.
• If the ladder must be deployed on uneven ground always use the ladder levelers
or dig a hole to level out butt spurs or foot pads.
Ice – safe use of ladders requires a firm, no-skid surface.
• Avoid setting a ladder on an icy surface. If the ladder must be deployed on an
icy surface butt the base of the ladder with a back-tie to a secure structural
member.
Traffic areas
• Avoid placing ladders directly in front of doorways that are in the path of other
fire fighters. (access – egress)
Structurally unsound walls
• Always visually size up a wall before you commit to using it to support a
ladder.
Fire
• A ladder should not be set alongside or over an area where the fire might
threaten the ladder. Choose your ladder location carefully.
Fire Ground Changes
• Always be aware that things often change on the fire ground and that the ladder
positioning may need to change.
131
5 types of collapse?
```
V shaped
A frame
pancake
Cantilever
Lean to
```
132
Designed to withstand the force of high winds or wind shears is called __ __
Shear Wall
133
Name each ladder on each fire apparatus
Pump 3m collapsible attic ladder 4.3 roof ladder
tanker 7.3 extension ladder
```
ladder 3m collapsible attic ladder
4.3m fresno extension ladder
5m roof ladder
7.3 extension ladder
10.6m extension ladder
```
rescue 4m combination folding ladder
134
a physical process that changes a liquid into a gaseous state is called? ___
vaporization
135
Primary Ric is minimum of ____ officer and _____ ff. secondary Ric crew is min ____ officers and ____ ff. crew 1 is used to _____ crew 2 is used to _____
1-2 - 1-3 - locate - extricate
136
Who is responsible for the approval of all trading involving 3 & 4 consecutive shifts?
District Chief
137
During transfer of command, which critical information is included?
Current attack plan
Deployment of crews
The effectiveness of attack
The need for additional apparatus
138
__ ___ is the moment when a mixture of fuel and oxygen encounters an external heat source with sufficient heat or thermal energy to start thecombustion reaction.
piloted ignition
139
List the chain of Command from Fire Chief all the way down to probationary?
```
Fire Chief
Deputy Chief
Platoon Chief
District Chief
Station/Senior Fire Caption
Fire Captain
Senior FFQ
FFQ
Firefighter
Probationary
```
140
What are 3 types of 2 way radios
Base station
portable station
mobile station
141
What are the 3 radio procedures that can be used to signal a ff emergency?
Mayday
Code 100
Evacuation
142
What is EFRS Mission statement
We are committed to protecting life, property, and the environment.
143
A wall covered in non-combustible materials that separates two occupancies and supports weight is referred as __ __
party wall
144
what is our pump discharge pressure formula?
PDP = NP + TPL(APL +FL+-EP)
2
FL= CQ L
145
4 types of rope EFRS uses?
laid rope
braid on braid (double braided)
kernmantle rope
braided rope
146
4 precursors of a potential flashover
Fumore has huge rebox
Free Burning
High Temperatures
Heavy Dark Smoke
Rollover
147
EFRS uses rope for 2 distinct purposes ____ and ___ ___ use.
Utility rope and life safety rope
148
What station is responsible for each district?
```
1 - 1
2 - 9
3 - 24
4 - 4
5 - 25
```
149
In regards to bunker pants and coat, what are the 3 components?
Outer shell
Moisture barrier
Thermal Layer
150
3 ways to transfer heat?
Conduction, Convection, Radiation
151
__ __ is the minimum temperature at which a liquid gives off sufficient vapors to form an ignitable mixture with air near the liquids surface
Flash point
152
Operating pressure and rated flow?
```
44mm fog 500 kPA 550Lpm
65mm fog 500 Kpa 950Lpm
Piercing nozzle 500 Kpa 475 lpm
Deluge gun 700 Kpa 2650lpm unit loss 70kpa
65mm quick attack moniter
950-1400-1900lpm
```
153
What is LUNAR
```
Location
Unit
Name
Assignment
Resources
```
154
4 components of a dry chemical fire extinguisher
A Pressure vessel: designed to withstand four times the
operating pressure. Portable fire extinguishers used in
Alberta must be hydro-statically tested in accordance
with NFPA 10 and 10A to ensure the safety of the
operator.
A Valve: includes valve stem and either an internal or
external spring so that the extinguisher can be operated
intermittently.
A Pressurizing gas: this gas may be in the shell (stored
pressure) or in a cartridge, which may be in the shell or
attached to it. Gases used are dried air, CO2, or
nitrogen.
An Extinguishing agent
155
List and describe the 2 modes of command?
Command (From Command Post)
– Involves the first arriving officer
remaining staged at the apparatus, assuming incident command, assigning tasks to
unit personnel, communicating with other responding units, and adapting the
Incident Action Plan as needed by the complexity of the incident.
The command post should be located in a spot which affords a good view of at
least two sides of the incident.
• Mobile (Fast Attack) Command
o Immediate action required - the first arriving officer assuming incident
command directs their personnel in an offensive attack to bring the fire /
situation quickly under control.
o Nothing Showing- mobile command could perform a reconnaissance until
another officer arrives on scene, command would direct all incoming units
to level 1 staging.
156
List the 5 types of ladders EFRS uses
```
Roof
Folding/collapsible/attic
Combination
Extension
Mechanical
```
157
List all 9 disciplinary actions and what each supervisor can do?
```
counseling
Extra station duties
susp of privileges
verb reprimand
written reprimand
susp w/ pay
susp w/o pay
Demotion
Dismissal
```
```
captain - 5 - counsel - written
district chief - 6 - counsel - susp w pay
platoon chief - 4 - susp - susp
deputy chief - 6 - verb - dism
Fire Chief - 5 - written - dismissal
```
158
List and describe the types of fire apparatus vehicles as well as their crew complement?
```
Pump - 1 officer and 3or 4 ff
Rescue - 1 officer and 3 ff
ladder - 1 officer and 3 ff
tanker - 1 officer and 1 ff
fsu - 1 officer and 1 ff
atp - 1 officer and 1 ff
```
159
What are Fire commands 4 main priorities?
The four major responsibilities of Fire Command at an emergency event are:
Safety – Safety of all on scene emergency responders
Rescue – The rescue, evacuation, or protection of people in danger
Fire Control – The control of the fire
Salvage – The protection of material from the fire or fire control
efforts
160
A class ___ ex, which would be used on flammable and comb liquids, can be identified by its ___ symbol and ____ color. this ex gets a rating of ___ sq. meters of flammable liquid to a ____ mm or greater in depth.
B. square. red
.o9 6mm
161
What are the three types of load that exert internal stresses?
Compression loads
squeeze
and shorten a member.
Tensile loads
pull apart or
lengthen a member.
Shear loads
cause the planes
of the member to slide past
one another.
162
Definition of fire stream?
A fire stream can be defined as a stream of water or other extinguishing
agent after it leaves a fire hose and nozzle until it reaches the desired point.
163
4 factors for reading smoke?
Color
Density
Velocity
Volume
164
5 factors that will affect fog streams
```
Gravity
Wind
Air Friction
Pattern
Velocity
```
165
What is the max reach on a horizontal stream?_ to _ degrees?
30-34 degrees
166
What is the max reach on a vertical stream? __ degrees
75 degrees
167
4 indicators that you have an effective fire stream?
White Steam/Smoke
Rapid temperature fluctuation
Decreased visibility
Darkening down
168
2 types of exposures and briefly explain them?
Internal exposure
External exposure
Interior exposures include areas of the building that are not yet involved, but are
connected to the fire area in a way that may facilitate fire spread. Interior exposures are
usually controlled with 44mm Fire Attack hose.
Exterior exposures are generally other buildings/property close to the fire building that is
in danger of becoming involved due to heat transfer. Exterior exposures are usually
controlled by a minimum 65mm hoseline but may utilize portable or fixed master stream
appliances.
169
List 5 limitations of hydraulic ventilation
```
Size of room
Size of exit opening
Exterior exposure proximity
Hose line availability
Fire control
Wind Direction
```
170
```
Identify, by the assigned letter, the connection to the statement listed below?
A - Adv of PPV
B Dis of PPV
C Adv of NPV
D Dis of NPV
E Hydraulic ventilation
```
1__requres that the fire be under control
2__Equipment gets exposed to the contaminants
3__Ventilation ops may impede progress of other sector
4__It is effective in all types of occupancies
5__Not effective in high ceiling structrures
6__Can be very effective in limited access compartment
7__equipment cleaning and maintenance is reduced
8__must be used with electric fans only
9__It can be controlled
10__&__depends on a power source
```
`1 - E
`2 - D
`3 - E
`4 - A
`5 - E
`6 - C
`7 - A
`8 - D
`9 - A
`10 - B and D
```
171
5 factors in deciding where to ventilate?
Some factor that have a bearing on where and what type of ventilation to use.
Location of the fire (would like to vent over or as close to the fire as possible)
• Offensive strategies for dealing with top floor and attic space fires would
involve expatiated vertical roof ventilation techniques
Location of occupants
Interior and exterior exposures
Type of construction
Purpose or use of occupancy
Extent to which the fire has progressed
Which direction you wish to draw the fire
Condition of the building and its contents
Existing openings( skylights, ventilator shafts, monitors, etc)
Direction of the wind
Available personnel and equipment
Exposures
172
2 types of tactical ventilation?
Horizontal Vertical
173
3 types of roof ventilation?
```
Kerf cuts
• Slot cuts to determine
direction of fire spread.
Inspection cuts
• Small triangles
Louvered cuts
• Large rectangular openings.
```
174
2 types of high rise construction styles?
| __ ___ consturction and __ __ construction
Centre Core
| Centre Hall
175
Identify the 4 types of doors?
Revolving
Overhead
Swinging (inward/outward)
Sliding
176
4 types of stairwell designs?
Scizzor
Return
Straight
Circular
177
3 types of standpipes?
• Dry system – not filled with water until needed in firefighting. Used only by
firefighters. Must be manually charged by fire department.
• Wet system – standpipe is filled with water and is pressurized at all times.
• Wet/Dry Combination system – Portions of the system are pressured with water
and other portions are pressured with air.
178
```
In high rise, what is the search and rescue order?
-
-
-
-
-
```
* Fire Floor(s) – where is fire is
* Floor above fire floor(s) – exposure, smoke migration and vertical extension.
* Floor below the fire floor(s) – extension and collapse.
* Top Floor – escape route hazard.
* And then all other floors starting from the top floor down
179
What is in the RED BAG, including the # of each item. (high rise kit)
```
1 3m - 65mm Hose with preconnected gated wye
1 44mm Hose
1 Rope drop bag
2 sprinkler dowels 2 sprinker wedge
3 door wedges
Toolbag
1 - Recessed sprinker wedge
1 - Pipe Wrench
1 - Hose Key
1 - Uni-Driver
4 - Markers
10 - rubber door stops
```
180
What is in the Green Bag including the # of each item (high rise kit)
2 lengths of 44mm hose with attached akron nozzle
181
4 factors for forcible entry size-up
Available access to the doors, windows, or walls
Available tools
Type of construction
Time
182
forcible entry tools can be divided into 4 groups
Cutting
prying and spreading
striking and battering
pushing and pulling
183
These tools can be powered by?
Hand – requiring human force
Electric – electric power, generally from portable generators
Pneumatic – power is generated by a compressed air source
Hydraulic – pump powered by electric generator
Gasoline – Gas powered tool such as a chainsaw
184
6 safety equipment required for chainsaw operations?
Safety glasses/goggles/visor
Safety boots
Safety helmets (wildland or firefighting)
Safety gloves (wildland or firefighting)
Hearing protection
Safety pants (bunker)/chaps
185
2 ways to start your chainsaw?
uneven ground start
| even ground start
186
2 areas of potential danger in breaching a wall?
Electrical wiring, plumbing, and gas lines are concealed in walls
Structural integrity -- load-bearing walls in a structure already weakened by fire
must be approached cautiously
187
Rescue priority of victims
1. Most severely threatened.
2. Largest number that have gathered in groups.
3. The remainder.
188
The 3 purposes of the marking system are?
To clearly identify rooms that have be searched. To keep track of where crews are if they go missing To let a relief crew know how far the previous crew got if they were unable to finish their task
189
A secondary search should be undertaken once the __ is __ __ and __ __ is ___
Fire under control
| primary search complete
190
What is the definition of Salvage?
Salvage in the fire service consists of those methods and operating procedures allied to firefighting which aid in reducing forcible entry, fire, water, and smoke damage during and after fires.
191
What are the goals of salvage operations to reduce property loss or damage
Forcible entry
Water
Fire
Smoke
192
What are the two types of property damage and briefly explain them?
Primary Damage occurs as a result of the fire itself.
Secondary Damage occurs as a result of fire fighting efforts such as forcible entry, applying water, ventilation, search and rescue, and searching for hidden fires.
193
Salvage is subdivided into 5 areas and give examples
Property Conservation
Tarps/Salvage Covers/Poly
Pike Poles/ladders to create Water Chutes
Mattress Bag
```
Door, Window, or Roof Repair
Roll of Poly
Bundle of Lath
Apron c/w Stapler, Staples, Lino Knife, Utility Knife
Claw Hammer and 3 & 1 ½ inch Nails
```
```
Mop Up and/or Clean Up
Mops/ Mop Pails
Stable Brooms
Squeegees
Scoop Shovels
```
Odor Suppressor
110 Volt Electric AeroFogger
4 Liters of Odor Neutralizer Fluid
Automatic Sprinkler Tools
A flow of water from an open sprinkler head can do considerable damage to occupancy Tools available to restrict water flow from a sprinkler system prior to shut down include
• Rubberized Sprinkler Wedge
• Wooden Sprinkler Wedge w/rubber face
• Metal Recessed Sprinkler Wedge
• Wooden Sprinkler Dowels, including 1” & 3” Cedar bungs
194
MSA 5200, objects appear (lighter/darker) within the screen?
Hottest objects appear white within the screen while cool objects produce darker shades
195
What are the 3 infrared emitters?
Direct
Active
Passive
196
TICS have two distinct modes. when the equipment is in __ __ its temerature is __ to__ degrees and its sensitivity is ___. while in __ __ its temperature is __ or greater and the sensitivity is __. When in low sensitivity mode an illuminated __ will be visible in the lower left corner.
Normal Mode - 0-320 degrees F - High - Firefighter mode 320 degrees F Low - L
197
3 Thermal imaging operations?
Orientation
While not directly related to the use of the TIC it is extremely important that the user does not completely rely on the display of the unit as they progress through a structure. A person’s orientation to their surroundings must come from the size-up, natural senses, and an awareness of the path traveled
Interpretation
Gaining an understanding of how the equipment operates and being able to evaluate the information gathered is crucial in making positive tactical firefighting decisions and increasing the odds of successfully preserving life.
Communication
Communicating the information that has been gathered to both the crew and command is essential to effective and successful operation. As with all fire ground tasks good communication will aid in achieving success and poor communication can result in failure.
198
3 infrared limitations?
Glass
• Infrared energy will not penetrate glass however heated glass will show up lighter in color
Water
• Infrared energy will not penetrate water however some penetration may occur in a fog or mist
Steam
• Infrared energy may or may not penetrate steam depending on it’s density
199
Define Wild land interface?
Defined as: Wildland interface is any area where structures are located adjacent to, or among combustible wildland fuels.
200
__ - the fastest spreading leading edge of the fire
__ - Long narrow strips of rapidly burning light fuel
__ - Sometimes called the __. This area is opposite the head and it burns more slowly
__ - Left and right sides of the fire
___ - the boundaries of the fire
___ - unburned areas inside the fire area
___ - the unburned area surrounding the fire
___ - the area of blackened land consumed by the fire
___ - Fire outside the main fire, caused by wind-carried sparks or embers
```
Head
fingers
Rear (Heel)
flanks
perimeter
islands
The green
The black
Spot fire
```
201
3 main factors that influence wild land fire behavior
Fuel
Topography
Weather
202
3 methods of direct attack?
DIRECT ATTACK AND ASSOCIATED TACTICS
• FLANK ATTACK
• FRONTAL ATTACK
• MOBILE ATTACK
INDIRECT ATTACK
203
A 30/30 crossover causes an extreme ___ ___ due to the __ __ being (greater/less) than 30 % and the temperature being (greater/less) than 30 degrees
```
Fire Behaviour
relative humidity
less
greater
Celcius
```
204
3 Rs of wildland firefighting
Retreat
Regroup
Reassess
205
Name the class A foam percentages and applications
Class ‘A’ Fire Foam Percentages and Applications:
0.1%: Deep-seated fires in furniture, smouldering ground fires, or heavy duff layers where penetration is required (if foam is too concentrated it will not penetrate)
0.1 – 0.5%: Wildland/grass fires
0.5%: Structural firefighting with attached fog nozzles, wildland surface fires using foam nozzles
1.0%: Protecting structural exposures (walls, and roofs), forming barriers during wildland firefighting operations
206
Non-weeping wildland hose is called __ __ and is __ mm big with a length of __ meters and __ metes. While weeping hose is called ___ and is __ mm big with a length of ___ meters.
```
Spec 187
38 mm
7.5 and 15 meter lengths
Staflo
38mm
30 m lengths
```
207
list 4 out of the 8 specific purposes of overhaul?
1. Locate and extinguish Hidden Fires Hidden fire may be detected by sight, touch, or with thermal imaging cameras. Do not rely on the sense of smell to detect hidden fires.
2. Prevent Rekindle. Overhaul enables you to detect those materials that are likely to rekindle so that they may be removed from the premises and completely extinguished.
3. Prevent Unnecessary Damage. A proper overhaul follows a systematic, step-by-step procedure or pattern. Unnecessary damage to the building and its contents can be avoided by removing heavy, water-soaked materials immediately. Mattresses and stuffed furniture should be removed from the building for final extinguishment. Cover open windows and roofs to help protect against external elements.
School/recruits/Manual/24 July 2016 Page 5
4. Help To Find the Cause of the Fire. Overhaul will help determine the cause of a fire.
5. Preserve Evidence. Proper overhaul will leave critical evidence untouched and undisturbed. Evidence that cannot be left at the scene of a fire will be safeguarded elsewhere.
6. Prevent Recurrence. A routine system of overhaul pinpoints the origin of the fire and permits the repair or removal of items that could cause recurrence.
7. Make the Structure Safe. Many unsafe conditions may exist in or around a fire-damaged occupancy. These conditions may include damaged utilities, structural defects, damaged contents, unstable objects, and open holes in floors or roofs. As many hazards as possible should be corrected before releasing the building for reoccupation. Occupants should be made aware of any remaining hazards that could jeopardize their safety
8. Provide for Good Public Relations. Public relations are enhanced through cooperation with law enforcement officers, utility companies, city officials, property owners and the public in general. Proper overhaul will demonstrate the fire department's concern for the protection of property.
208
4 methods used to detect hidden fires?
```
Sight
Discoloration of materials
Peeling or Bubbled Paint
Smoke Emission from Cracks
Cracked Plaster or Masonry
Rippled Wallpaper
```
Touch
Feel walls and floors for heat with the back of the hand
Sound
Popping or Cracking of Burning
Hissing of Steam
Electronic Sensors
Thermal Imaging Cameras/Infrared Cameras (T.I.C.s), 3M Temperature probe .
209
4 steps to establishing safe conditions?
Inspect the premises.
Develop of a sound operational plan.
Provide essential equipment.
Eliminate any hazards.
210
```
4 respondibilities of the ff during overhaul?
Protect___
Cordon____
REcord___
NEver____
```
Protect fire scene evidence, footprints and tire marks
Cordon off the area with rope or fire take to keep people out and station someone to monitor the line until an investigator can arrive.
Record any information, including hearsay, which is given to you
never joke with people or offer statements of opinion, accusations, or probable cause to anyone other than the investigator or the officer in charge
211
What are the 4 steps of an activated sprinkler system
detect a fires presence
alarm or transmit a signal to agencies indicating alarm is activated
control growth of the fire
extinguish the fire completely
212
5 methods sprinklers can detect?
Fixed Temperature Detection
The basic fire detection used in wet or dry systems, and a fusible link is the detection device.
Rate of Rise Detection
Heat actuated devices operating on air pressure increase.
Common for special hazard systems.
It is fast, dependable, and positive in operation.
Smoke Detection
Recommended for some hazards where smoldering fires, which burn with little or no flame and no discernable heat, may cause considerable damage.
Used where fires give off smoke before they burst into flame.
Detection is through use of a photo-electric cell.
Flame or Flash Detection
Utilized in extremely hazardous occupancies where extinguishment must start immediately.
It is commonly used in plants making explosives or munitions
Is currently used for protecting the hazardous rolling operation in the manufacture of jet-propulsion powder. Flash detectors operate a fire-fog system that extinguishes fire in under a second
Detection is through the use of a photo-electric cell.
Vapor Detection
Indicates the concentration of combustible gases in the air surrounding hazards where highly flammable liquids or gases are stored, handled, or used.
The detection device constantly samples the air in these locations sending a reading to a remotely situated control panel.
When the concentration near 50% of the L.E.L. (Lower Explosive Limit) an alarm sounds warning personnel and allowing a window of opportunity to correct the problem. When the concentration reaches 75% L.E.L. the fire protection system operates.
213
__ % of all fires are controllable by the activation of 5 or fewer sprinkler heads
__% of fires controlled by sprinkler operation were done so by only one head
70
35
214
what are two categories in audible alarm (gong) and emergency notification?
Hydraulic Alarm
Local alarm is used to alert personnel in a sprinklered building or passerby that water is flowing in the system.
Some water in the system branches off to a water motor that drives a local alarm gong.
Electric Alarm
Alarm is used to alert building occupants and the fire department that water is flowing in the system.
Water movement presses against a diaphragm that causes a switch to operate the alarm.
215
6 types of sprinker systems?
Wet-Pipe Dry-Pipe Pre-Action Deluge Residential Special Extinguishing Systems
216
in a wet pipe system the FDC ties in ___ the main control valve. WHile in a dry pipe system the FDC ties in before the dry pipe valve.
above
| Before
217
4 types of sprinkler head mechanisms
Fusible Link
Frangible Bulb
Chemical Pellet
Quick response type
218
3 types of sprinkler orientation?
Pendant orientation
Upright orientation
Sidewall sprinkler orientation
219
What is in the sprinkler kit?
```
5 wedge-its (on hanger)
5 rubber door latch keeper
3 Wood door wedges
3 wood sprinkler wedges
3 wood sprinkler dowels
1 Recessed sprinkler wedge
1 Quickstop tool
1 caribeaner (non rated)
1 bag with inventory card
```
220
3 types of fire alarms?
Conventional Supervised Systems
Multiplex or Fully Addressable Systems
Proprietary or Central Station Systems
221
T/F fire service phase 2 is also known as the fire recall phase
F
222
__ __ are elevators that only serve certain floors while __ __ is only available certain floors.
Split bank
| Blind shaft
223
What should you be carrying when going up an elevator?
forcible entry tools, fire extinguisher, and portable radio.
224
A hazardoues material is any material or substance, which even in normal use, poses a risk to __ __ __ or the ___
health, safety, property or the environment
225
NFPA diamond is divided into 4 sections
Top - Red - flammability
Left - Blue - health
Bottom - White - Special info
Right - Yellow - Reactivity
226
In the NFPA 704 diamond what are the 4 special info groupings?
Water Reactive
Oxidizer
Corrosive
Radioactive
227
What are the 9 TDG classification and how many subclasses do they each have?
1 Every -Explosives 6
2 good - gases 3
3 fire -Flammable liquids 0
4 fighter -flammable solids 3
5 owns -oxidizers & organic peroxides 2
6 that -toxic and infectious substanes 2
7 Red -radioactive material
8 colored -corrosive
9 motorcycle -miscellaneous hazardous material
228
What 4 things are displayed in a pipeline warning label?
Acronym P.O.S.E
Signal word ‘Warning, Caution, or Danger’
Hazardous contents of the pipeline
Owners name
An Emergency phone number
Product, owner, signal word. emergency contact number
229
WHAT ARE THE 6 THINGS LABELLED IN A PESTICIDE WARNING LABEL?
Pesticide Name
Signal Word - (Danger –indicate highly toxic, Warning)
Pesticide Control Product (PCP) Number
Precautionary statement - phrases that cover prevention, response, storage, and disposal of products
Active ingredients
Hazard statement – keep away from children, harmful if swallowed, etc.
230
what should be included when dealing with shipping information documents
```
Emergency Contact Number
Number of Pkgs. Shipped
Shipping name
Hazard or class #
4 digit U.N. #
```
231
Once a shipment exceeds____kg, the UN number must be shown with the placard on all sides and each end of the containers.
4000 kg
500 kg is just placard on every side and end
232
SHipping documents terminology for various types of shipments and modes of transport
Name of the document
Mode of transport -Air -Boat - Train -Truck
Who holds it
NOTD MOT WHI
Air Bill/Manifest - Air -Cockpit/responsibility Pilot
Dangerous Cargo Manifest - Boat - The captain
Rail Documents - Train - Conductor
Road Document/bill of lading - Truck - Driver
233
```
What would you find in the colored section of the ERG
Alphabetic listing of material ____1
Material listed by UN # ____2
Isolation and protection zone ____3
General Info ____4
Action Guide ____5
```
```
1-Blue - alphabetical
2- Yellow - UN/ID #
3 - green - Isolation and protective action distances
4- White pages - Gen info
5 - orange - Action guides
```
234
```
What are the 6 lvls of radioactive packaging listed from least to most dangerous?
1
2
3
4
5
6
```
```
Excepted package
Industrial Package
Type A package
Type B package
Type C package
More dangerous than type C
```
235
What does the acronym HAZMAT mean?
```
H - Hazard identification
A - Action plan
Z - zoning
M - manage the scene
A - assistance
T - Termination
```
236
What are the 3 action plan lvls from HAZMAT acronym?
Level 1 Incident - can be handled by first response personal. This is a single pump. The incident will be a petrochemical or antifreeze spill of not more than 25 liters.
Level 2 Incident - special technical assistance. This is a pump and Hazmat 1. An example would be an incident with a petrochemical or antifreeze spill of 25-75 liters. This could also be a mercury spill
Level 3 Incident – potential for major disasters. This is 2 pumps, a rescue, an aerial and Hazmat 1 (Uncontrollable spills or releases that may require evacuation or special decontamination)
237
WHAT ARE the * defensive actions used to contain or confine a hazardous material?
Absorption Confinement Dilution Remote valve shutoff Vapor dispersion Vapor suppression. Adsorption Burning off
238
4 WAYS HAZ MATERIALS CAN enter your body?
Inhalation, ingestion, contact, absorption
239
What is CBRNE?
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear, and Explosive Incident
Terrorist activities will most likely be accomplished through the use of a Chemical agent, Biological agent, Radiological substance, Nuclear device, or, more commonly explosives. With recognition of the likely sources of destruction and disruption comes an acronym that is widely used to reference these products
240
```
What do these words mean?
LEL
STEL
TWA
IDLH
```
lower explosive limit
short term exposure limit
Time weighted average
Immediately dangerous to life and health
241
The USDOT and TDG define a flammable liquid as one that has a flashpoing below ____C. NFPA and WHMIS define it as one that has a flashpoint below ___C
60. 5C
| 37. 8 degrees C
242
Ignitable liquid fires are extinguished by?
shutting off the fuel supply
excluding air by various means
cooling the liquid to stop evaporation
a combination of these methods
243
pressurized flammable gases have the follwing characteristics?
Pressure
Diffusivity (tendency to spread freely)
Low boiling points
Colorless and/or odorless
Creates static electricity when flowing
244
T/F liquid petroleum gas dissipates in the air quickly making it not hazardous
F
245
7 ways containers can release hazardous materials?
Cloud, cone, pool,plume, hemispheric, stream, irregular
246
Natural Gas concentration of between __ and ___ are explosive
5-15
247
```
Class A foam %
.1
.1-.5
.5
1
```
.1% - Deep-seated fires in furniture, smouldering ground fires, or heavy duff layers
.1-.5 - Wildland.grass fires
.5 - structural ff with attached fog nozzles,wildland surface fires
1 - protecting structural exposures
248
Class B foam %
1%
3%
6%
1- On shallow hydrocarbon spills (gas,crude oil, diesel)
3 - on sever hydrocrabon and polar solvent (alcohols, ketones, ethers)fires
Up to 6% for hazmat vapor suppression
249
What are the 3 classification of anchor groups?
Natural, structural, pseudo anchors
250
```
I
D
E
A
S
```
```
Integrity
direction of force
equalization and no extension
angles
system of anchors
```
251
wrap 3 pull 2, the webbing is then tied with a ___ __. two of the three strands are then pulled and the lsing is adjusted around the object to ensure the bend lies against the anchor and faces towards the __ __ __
RING BEND
| DIRECTION OF PULL
252
A w3p3 webbing anchor is extremely strong as long as the __ __ of __ degree is not exceeded
critical angle
| 90 degrees
253
3 tests of a safe rescue system?
White board analysis
- does the system function the way you intend
- how do you know for sure
critical points examination
- area all points backed up by another system
- could one point fail and cause a serious accident
whistle test
-if every rescuer let go of the sstem would the system still protect the rescuer and the patient
254
What does SSSF means ___ ___ ___ ___ and it is a ratio of __:___
static system safety factor
10:1 - efrs
nfpa 15:1 rope only
255
a "P" rated carabiner is rated at ___ kN
| a "G" rated carabiner is rated at ___ kN
26.67 kN
| 40 kN
256
What are the 10 events in order in the goldern hour?
```
notification
Dispatch
Response
scene stabilization
vehicle stabilization
Patient extrication
patient packaging
patient transport
stabilization in the emerg room
surgical intervention
```
257
What are the 5 types of vehicle collision?
```
roll over
t bone collision
head-on collision
rear end collision
rotational
```
258
What are two types of glass involved in vehicles?
Tempered glass
| Safety glass
259
what are the safety priorities for vehicle collisions?
Rescue personnel safety
scene safety
patient safety
260
What are the 8 sides of a vehicle?
```
Roof
undercarriage
front
rear
driver side
passenger side
Inside
Outside
```
261
Define the 5/10/20 rule and what do the numbers mean?
5inchs from sides of vehicle
10 inchs from drivers stearing wheel
20 inchs from passenger air bag
The 5-10-20 rule is the safe distance in inches to stay away from the Air bags
262
The paratech struts are rated at____ibs WLL with a __:__ safety factor. This is up to a height of ___ feet
20,000 4;1 safety factor 5 feet
263
holmatro air bag operate at ___psi and you can stack a max of __ bags on top of each other.
116 psi
2 bags total - watch for wording
1 bag on top of another
2 bags stacked
264
The angle range for a ram is __ - __ degrees. the angle range for a strut is ___ - ___ degrees
60-80 degrees for ram for lifting
| 45-55 degrees for strut
265
What are the 3 factors that influence the severity of injury or death?
Strength of the Current Amount of time exposed to the shock Path the current takes to the ground
266
```
At what milliamps, would one feel the effects butt they also would not be able to let go of the energized equipment?
A 1-5 milliamps
B 5-10 milliamps
C 10-50 milliamps
D 50 - 100 milliamps
```
@ 1 – 5 Milliamps • At this flow one would be able to feel that they had contacted a live circuit
@ 5 – 10 Milliamps • At this flow not only would one fell the effect but they also would not be able to let go of the energized equipment (Would involve natural muscle contraction as a result of the charge and the closing of one’s hand onto a energized line or piece of equipment as an example)
@ 10 – 50 Milliamps • A increase in the amount of pain inflicted with the possibility of difficulty breathing
@ 50 – 100 Milliamps • At this flow of current death is a probability
267
T/F you must stay away 7 meters from a downed power line
F
Minimum of 10 meters away from a “Downed Power Line” as a guideline for responders and public
When using a portable ladder or aerial/ladder truck around electrical lines always maintain a minimum distance for safety
• Residential Lines – 3 Meters • Understand that this distance is relative to a line caring 75,000 volts or less and as the voltage increases your safe working distance also increases.
• Commercial lines – 7 Meters
268
What are three causes of hypothermia?
There are three causes of hypothermia:
• Decreased heat production
• Increased heat loss
• A combination of both
269
River ice is how much weaker than lake clear ice?
river ice is 15% weaker than lake ice
270
How less dense is ice then water?
Ice is 9% less dense than water
271
```
Water conducts heat how much faster than air?
A 9-16 times
B17-24 times
C25-32 times
D33-40 times
```
Water conducts heat 25-32 times faster than air,
Even a patient left in wet clothing out of the water, he will lose heat 5 times faster than one who is dry
272
What does RDC mean?
rapid deployment craft
273
What are 2 ways to get out of your dry suit if you are stuck?
Cut it
274
```
What 2 colors do not get along?
A green and blue
B orange and blue
C orange and gold
D gold and green
E green and orange
```
Green and blue
| Gold and orange
275
T/F rule of thumb when performing any type of lifting "try before you pry"
F
Crib as you go
lift an inch crib an inch
276
T/F decision when salvage begins can be based on the conditions of the time
T
277
Hazmat responder has 3 responsibilities?
to recognize certain types of containers and storage vessels
to identify the material inside
to give this information to the Incident Command (IC) or the HazMat team
278
What is it called when a river hazard wont let anything but water pass through?
a
