Midterm Diagnostics Flashcards
passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart
cardiac catheterization
graphic line recording that shows the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to the chest, arms, and legs
electrocardiogram (ECG)
ECG taken with a small portable recording system capable of storing up to 24 hours of ECG tracings
Holter monitor test
ECG that utilizes a radioisotope to evaluate coronary blood flow. In a nuclear stress test, the radioisotope is injected at the height of exercise. Areas not receiving sufficient oxygen are visualized by decreased uptake of the isotope
nuclear test
ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions
stress test
blood test that measures troponin T, troponin I, and creatinine kinase (CK-MB). They are released into the bloodstream from damaged heart muscle tissue
cardiac enzyme studies
series of tests (total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, and triglycerides) used to assess risk factors of ischemic heart disease
lipid panel
radiographic imaging of the heart and blood vessels after injection of a contrast dye
angiography
angiography to determine the degree of obstruction of the arteries that supply blood to the heart
coronary angiography
angiography in which two radiographic images are obtained, the first one without contrast material and the second one with , and then compared by a computer that digitally subtracts the images of soft tissues, bones, and muscles, leaving only the image of vessels with contrast
digital subtraction angiography (DSA)
radiological examination of the aorta and its branches following injection of a contrast medium via a catheter
aortography
noninvasive diagnostic method that uses ultrasound to visualize internal cardiac structures and produce images of the heart
echocardiography (ECHO)
noninvasive adaptation of ultrasound technology in which blood flow velocity is assessed in different areas of the heart
doppler ultrasound
noninvasive technique that uses radiowaves and a strong magnetic field to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of blood vessels
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
nuclear procedure that uses radioactive tracers to produce movie-like images of the structures of the heart, including the myocardium and the mitral and tricuspid valves
multiple-gated acquisition (MUGA)
imaging technique that provides a graphic display of heart sounds and murmurs during the cardiac cycle
phonocardiography
diagnostic test that uses radiation emitted by the body after an injection of radioactive substances to create images of various organs or identify body functions and disease
scintigraphy
scintigraphy procedure that uses injected radioactive thallium and records the uptake of the isotope with a gamma camera to produce an image
thallium study (resting)
radiography of a vein after injection of a contrast medium to detect incomplete filling of a vein, which indicates obstruction
venography
procedure to restore normal rhythm of the heart by applying a controlled electrical shock to the exterior of the chest
cardioversion
technique used to block blood flow to a site by passing a catheter to the area and injecting a synthetic material or medication specially designed to occlude a blood vessel
embolization
injection of a chemical irritant (sclerosing agent) into a vein to produce inflammation and fibrosis that destroys the lumen of a vein
sclerotherapy
procedure that alters a vessel through surgery or dilation of the vessel using a balloon catheter
angioplasty
surgical procedure that uses a vessel graft from another part of the body to bypass the blocked part of a coronary artery and restore blood supply to the heart muscle
coronary artery bypass graft (CABG)
dilation of an occluded vessel using a balloon catheter under fluoroscopic guidance
percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA)
removal of material from an occluded vessel using a specially designed catheter fitted with a cutting or grinding device
atherectomy
removal and examination of a small piece of tissue for diagnostic purposes
biopsy
removal and examination of a segment of an arterial vessel wall to confirm inflammation of the wall or arteritis (a type of vasculitis)
arterial biopsy
destruction of conduction tissue of the heart to interrupt the abnormal conduction pathway causing the arrhythmia, thus allowing normal heart rhythm to resume
catheter ablation
surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve, which have been fused together at their “commisures” (points of touching)
commissurotomy
procedure used to remove or treat varicose veins
laser ablation
tying a varicose vein (ligation) followed by removal (stripping) of the affected segment
ligation and stripping
surgical procedure performed on or within the exposed heart, usually with the assistance of a heart-lung machine
open heart surgery
puncturing of the pericardium to remove excess fluid from the pericardial sac or to test for protein, sugar, and enzymes or determine the causative organism of pericarditis
pericardiocentesis
destruction of a blood clot using anticlotting agents called clot-busters, such as tissue plasminogen activator
thrombolysis
infusion of a thrombolytic agent into a vessel to dissolve a blood clot
intravascular thrombolysis
incision of a valve to increase the size of the opening; used in treating mitral stenosis
valvotomy
puncture of a vein by a needle attached to a syringe or catheter to withdraw a specimen of blood; also called phlebotomy
venipuncture
