Chapter 7 Flashcards
Anosmia
Absence of the sense of smell
Acidosis
Excessive acidity of body fluids
Apnea
Temporary loss of breathing
Asphyxia
Condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen
Atelectasis
Collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affect all or part of the lung
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration, first deeply, then shallow, then not at all
Compliance
Ease with which lung tissue can be stretched
Coryza
Head cold; upper respiratory infection (URI)
Crackle
Abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli; also called rale
Croup
Common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchiole passages and sometimes lungs
Deviated nasal septum
Displacement of cartilage dividing the nostrils
Epiglottitis
Severe, life threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs most commonly in children between 2 and 12 years of age
Epistaxis
Nosebleed; nasal hemorrhage
Finger clubbing
Enlargement of the terminal phalanges of the fingers and toes, commonly associated with pulmonary disease
Hypoxemia
Deficiency of oxygen in the blood
Hypoxia
Deficiency of oxygen in tissues
Pertussis
Acute infectious disease characterized by a cough that has a “whoop” sound; also called whooping cough
Pleurisy
Inflammation of the pleural membrane characterized by a stabbing pain that is intensified by coughing or deep breathing; also called pleuritis
Pneumoconiosis
Disease caused by inhaling dust particles, including coal dust (anthracosis), stone dust (chalicosis), iron dust (siderosis), and asbestos particles (asbestosis)
Pulmonary edema
Accumulation of extra vascular fluid in the lung tissues and alveoli, caused most commonly by heart failure
Pulmonary embolus
Blockage in an artery of the lungs caused by a mass of undissolved matter (such as a blood clot, tissue, air bubbles, and bacteria)
Rhonchus
A course, rattling noise that resembles snoring, commonly suggesting secretions in the larger airways
Stridor
High pitched, harsh, adventitious breath sound caused by a spasm or swelling of the larynx or an obstruction in the upper airway
Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently normal, healthy infant, usually less than 12 months of age; also called crib death
Wheeze
Whistling or sighing sound heard on auscultation that results from narrowing of the lumen of the respiratory passageway
Mantoux test
Intra dermal test to determine tuberculin sensitivity based on a positive reaction where the area around the test site becomes red and swollen
Oximetry
Noninvasive method of monitoring the percentage of hemoglobin saturated with oxygen; also called pulse oximetry
Polysomnography
Test of sleep cycles and stages using continuous recordings of brain waves (EEGs), electrical activity of muscles, eye movement (electro-oculogram), respiratory rate, blood pressure, blood oxygen saturation, heart rhythm and sometimes direct observation of the person during sleep using a video camera
Pulmonary function tests
Multiple testes used to evaluate the ability of the lungs to take in and expel air as well as perform gas exchange across the alveolocapillary membrane
Spirometry
Measurement of ventilatory ability by assessing lung capacity and flow, including the time necessary for exhaling the total volume of inhaled air
Bronchoscopy
Visual examination of the bronchi using an endoscope inserted through the nose or mouth and trachea for direct viewing of structures or for projection on a monitor
Laryngoscopy
Visual examination of the larynx to detect tumors, foreign bodies, nerve or structural injury, or other abnormalities
Mediastinoscopy
Visual examination of the mediastinal structures including the heart, trachea, esophagus, bronchus, thymus, and lymph nodes
Lavage
Irrigating or washing out an organ, stomach, bladder, bowel, or body cavity with a stream of water or other fluid
Antral
Irrigation of the antrum (maxillary sinus) in chronic or nonresponsive sinusitis
Postural drainage
Positioning a patient so that gravity aids in the drainage of secretions from the bronchi and lobes of the lungs
Pleurectomy
Excision of part of the pleura, usually parietal
Pneumectomy
Excision of a lung
Rhinoplasty
Reconstructive surgery of the nose to correct deformities or for cosmetic purposes
Septoplasty
Surgical repair of a deviated nasal septum usually performed when the septum is encroaching on the breathing passages or nasal structures
Thoracentesis
Surgical puncture and drainage of the pleural cavity
Tracheostomy
Surgical procedure in which an opening is made in the neck and into the trachea into which a breathing tube may be inserted
Empyema
Pus in the pleural cavity
Surfactant
Phospholipid that allows the lungs to expand with ease
Consolidation
Loss of sponginess of the lungs due to engorgement
Auscultation
Listening to chest sounds using a stethoscope
Hypoxemia
Deficiency of oxygen in the blood
Tubercles
Granulomas associated with tuberculosis
Emphysema
Disease characterized by a decrease in alveolar elasticity
Coryza
Head cold; upper respiratory infection
Lung scan
Imaging procedure that uses radionucleotides to evaluate blood flow in the lungs
Radiography
Producing images using an x ray machine
Antral lavage
Washing or irrigating sinuses
Antihistamine
Relieves sneezing, runny nose, itchiness, and rashes
Antitussive
Relieves or suppresses coughing
AFB
TB organism
Aerosol therapy
Inhalation of medication directly into the respiratory system via a nebulizer
Decongestant
Decrease mucous membrane swelling by constricting blood vessels
ABG
Arterial blood gas…lab tests to assess pH and gases of arterial blood
Expectorant
Reduces the viscosity of sputum to facilitate productive coughing
Throat culture
Used to identify pathogens; especially group A streptococci
Excessive acidity of body fluids
Acidosis
Absence of the sense of smell
Anosmia
Temporary loss of breathing
Apnea
Condition caused by insufficient intake of oxygen
Asphyxia
Collapsed or airless state of the lung, which may be acute or chronic and affect all or part of the lung
Atelectasis
Repeated breathing pattern characterized by fluctuation in the depth of respiration, first deeply, then shallow, then not at all
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
Ease with which lung tissue can be stretched
Compliance
Head cold; upper respiratory infection (URI)
Coryza
Abnormal respiratory sound heard on auscultation, caused by exudates, spasms, hyperplasia, or when air enters moisture-filled alveoli; also called rale
Crackle
Common childhood condition involving inflammation of the larynx, trachea, bronchiole passages and sometimes lungs
Croup
Displacement of cartilage dividing the nostrils
Deviated nasal septum
Severe, life threatening infection of the epiglottis and supraglottic structures that occurs most commonly in children between 2 and 12 years of age
Epiglottitis
