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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

anorexia

A

lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat

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2
Q

appendicitis

A

inflammation of the appendix, usually due to obstruction or infection

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3
Q

ascites

A

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

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4
Q

borborygmus

A

rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine

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5
Q

cholelithiasis

A

presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct

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6
Q

cirrhosis

A

scarring and dysfunction of the liver cause by chronic liver disease

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7
Q

colic

A

spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ especially the colon, accompanied by pain

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8
Q

Crohn disease

A

chronic inflammation, usually of the ileum, but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract; also called regional enteritis

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9
Q

deglutition

A

act of swallowing

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10
Q

dysentery

A

inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites, which results in bloody diarrhea

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11
Q

dyspepsia

A

epigastric discomfort felt after eating; also called indigestion

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12
Q

dysphagia

A

inability or difficulty in swallowing; also called aphagia

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13
Q

eructation

A

producing gas from the stomach, usually with a characteristic sound; also called belching

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14
Q

fecalith

A

fecal concretion

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15
Q

flatus

A

gas in the GI tract; expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus

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16
Q

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

A

backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus

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17
Q

halitosis

A

offensive, or “bad” breath

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18
Q

hematemesis

A

vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus

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19
Q

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

A

symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function for which no organic cause can be determined; also called spastic colon

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20
Q

malabsorption syndrome

A

symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph

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21
Q

melena

A

passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices

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22
Q

obesity

A

excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body’s skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20% or more above ideal body weight

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23
Q

morbid obesity

A

BMI of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 or more pounds over ideal body weight

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24
Q

obstipation

A

severe constipation; may be caused by an intestinal obstruction

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25
Q

oral leukoplakia

A

formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheek caused primarily by irritation

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26
Q

peristalsis

A

progressive, wavelike movement that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body, especially the GI tract

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27
Q

pyloric stenosis

A

stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine

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28
Q

regurgitation

A

backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach

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29
Q

steatorrhea

A

passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it

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30
Q

cachexia

A

state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting

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31
Q

lesion

A

open sore

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32
Q

PTCH

A

percutaneous transhepatic radiographic examination of bile ducts

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33
Q

bilirubin

A

breakdown product of hemoglobin, excreted from the body as bile

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34
Q

emetics

A

agents that produce vomiting

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35
Q

antispasmodics

A

agents that alleviate muscle spasms

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36
Q

choledochoplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of a bile duct

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37
Q

lower GI series

A

administration of barium enema while a series of radiographs are taken of the large intestine

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38
Q

gastroscopy

A

visual examination of the stomach

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39
Q

stomatoplasty

A

surgical reconstruction of the mouth

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40
Q

intubation

A

insertion of a tube into any hollow organ

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41
Q

anastomosis

A

surgical formation of a passage or opening between two hollow viscera or vessels

42
Q

stool guaiac

A

detects presence of blood in the feces; also called Hemoccult

43
Q

endoscopy

A

visual examination of a cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument

44
Q

laxatives

A

used to treat constipation

45
Q

antacids

A

neutralize excess acid in the stomach and help to relieve gastritis and ulcer pain

46
Q

ultrasonography

A

procedure in which high frequency sound waves produce images of internal body structures that are displayed on a monitor

47
Q

liver function tests

A

measures the levels of certain enzymes, bilirubin, and various proteins

48
Q

bariatric surgery

A

surgery that treats morbid obesity

49
Q

STAT

A

immediately

50
Q

proctosigmoidoscopy

A

endoscopic procedure for visualization of the rectosigmoid colon

51
Q

upper GI series

A

barium solution swallowed for radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

52
Q

lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat

A

anorexia

53
Q

inflammation of the appendix, usually due to obstruction or infection

A

appendicitis

54
Q

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdomen

A

ascites

55
Q

rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine

A

borborygmus

56
Q

presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder or common bile duct

A

cholelithiasis

57
Q

scarring and dysfunction of the liver cause by chronic liver disease

A

cirrhosis

58
Q

spasm in any hollow or tubular soft organ especially the colon, accompanied by pain

A

colic

59
Q

chronic inflammation, usually of the ileum, but possibly affecting any portion of the intestinal tract; also called regional enteritis

A

Crohn disease

60
Q

act of swallowing

A

deglutition

61
Q

inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites, which results in bloody diarrhea

A

dysentery

62
Q

epigastric discomfort felt after eating; also called indigestion

A

dyspepsia

63
Q

inability or difficulty in swallowing; also called aphagia

A

dysphagia

64
Q

producing gas from the stomach, usually with a characteristic sound; also called belching

A

eructation

65
Q

fecal concretion

A

fecalith

66
Q

gas in the GI tract; expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus

A

flatus

67
Q

backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus due to a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

68
Q

offensive, or “bad” breath

A

halitosis

69
Q

vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus

A

hematemesis

70
Q

symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function for which no organic cause can be determined; also called spastic colon

A

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

71
Q

symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph

A

malabsorption syndrome

72
Q

passage of dark-colored, tarry stools, due to the presence of blood altered by intestinal juices

A

melena

73
Q

excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body’s skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20% or more above ideal body weight

A

obesity

74
Q

BMI of 40 or greater, which is generally 100 or more pounds over ideal body weight

A

morbid obesity

75
Q

severe constipation; may be caused by an intestinal obstruction

A

obstipation

76
Q

formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheek caused primarily by irritation

A

oral leukoplakia

77
Q

progressive, wavelike movement that occurs involuntarily in hollow tubes of the body, especially the GI tract

A

peristalsis

78
Q

stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine

A

pyloric stenosis

79
Q

backward flowing, as in the return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach

A

regurgitation

80
Q

passage of fat in large amounts in the feces due to failure to digest and absorb it

A

steatorrhea

81
Q

state of ill health, malnutrition, and wasting

A

cachexia

82
Q

open sore

A

lesion

83
Q

percutaneous transhepatic radiographic examination of bile ducts

A

PTCH

84
Q

breakdown product of hemoglobin, excreted from the body as bile

A

bilirubin

85
Q

agents that produce vomiting

A

emetics

86
Q

agents that alleviate muscle spasms

A

antispasmodics

87
Q

surgical reconstruction of a bile duct

A

choledochoplasty

88
Q

administration of barium enema while a series of radiographs are taken of the large intestine

A

lower GI series

89
Q

visual examination of the stomach

A

gastroscopy

90
Q

surgical reconstruction of the mouth

A

stomatoplasty

91
Q

insertion of a tube into any hollow organ

A

intubation

92
Q

surgical formation of a passage or opening between two hollow viscera or vessels

A

anastomosis

93
Q

detects presence of blood in the feces; also called Hemoccult

A

stool guaiac

94
Q

visual examination of a cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument

A

endoscopy

95
Q

used to treat constipation

A

laxatives

96
Q

neutralize excess acid in the stomach and help to relieve gastritis and ulcer pain

A

antacids

97
Q

procedure in which high frequency sound waves produce images of internal body structures that are displayed on a monitor

A

ultrasonography

98
Q

measures the levels of certain enzymes, bilirubin, and various proteins

A

liver function tests

99
Q

surgery that treats morbid obesity

A

bariatric surgery

100
Q

immediately

A

STAT

101
Q

endoscopic procedure for visualization of the rectosigmoid colon

A

proctosigmoidoscopy

102
Q

barium solution swallowed for radiographic examination of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum

A

upper GI series

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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