Chapter 10 Flashcards
ankylosis
stiffening and immobility of a joint as a result of disease, trauma, surgery, or abnormal bone fusion
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel
claudication
lameness, limping
contracture
fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint
crepitation
dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction
electromyography
use of electrical stimulation to record the strength of muscle contraction
exacerbation
increase in severity of a disease or any of its symptoms
ganglion cyst
tumor of tendon sheath or joint capsule, commonly found in the wrist
hemarthrosis
effusion of blood into a joint cavity
hypotonia
loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching
multiple myeloma
primary malignant tumor that infiltrates the bone and red bone marrow
osteophyte
bony outgrowth that occasionally develops on the vertebra and may exert pressure on the spinal cord; also called bone spur
phantom limb
perceived sensation, following the amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists
prosthesis
replacement of a missing part by an artificial substitute, such as an artificial extremity
rickets
form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency
sequestrum
fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue
spondylolisthesis
any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it
spondylosis
degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues
sprain
tearing of ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate, or complete
strain
to exert physical force in a manner that may result in injury, usually muscular
subluxation
partial or incomplete dislocation
talipes equinovarus
congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to one side; also called clubfoot
muscular dystrophy
disease causing degeneration of muscles
myasthenia gravis
chronic neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness manifested in ocular muscles
Ewing sarcoma
type of sarcoma that attacks the shafts rather than the ends of long bones
greenstick fracture
bone that is partially bent and partially broken; occurs in children
kyphosis
exaggeration of the thoracic curve of the vertebral column; humpback
osteoporosis
disease caused by a decrease in bone density; occurs in the elderly
scoliosis
deviation of the spine to the right or left
chondrosarcoma
cartilagenous sarcoma
comminuted fracture
describes a bone that has splintered into pieces
spondylitis
inflammation of the vertebrae
gout
metabolic disease caused by accumulation of uric acid, usually in the big toe
hematopoiesis
development and production of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow
pyogenic
formation of pus
necrosis
death of cells, tissues, or organs
myelography
radiograph of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium
open reduction
treatment of bone fractures by the use of surgery to place bones in a normal position
gold salts
used to treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity with the immune system
CTS (carpal tunnel syndrome)
painful disorder of the wrist and hand due to compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel
laminectomy
excision of the posterior arch of a vertebrae
arthrography
series of joint radiographs preceded by injection of a radiopaque substance or air into the joint cavity
arthrodesis
surgical binding or immobilization of a joint
amputation
partial or complete removal of a limb
HNP
herniated nucleus pulposus
salicylates
relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation
arthroscopy
visual examination of a joint’s interior, especially the knee
sequestrectomy
excising a segment of necrosed bone
ACL
anterior cruciate ligament
relaxants
relieve muscle spasms and stiffness
closed reduction
manipulative treatment of bone fractures by placing the bones in normal position without incision
stiffening and immobility of a joint as a result of disease, trauma, surgery, or abnormal bone fusion
ankylosis
painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel
carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
lameness, limping
claudication
fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint
contracture
dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction
crepitation
use of electrical stimulation to record the strength of muscle contraction
electromyography
increase in severity of a disease or any of its symptoms
exacerbation
tumor of tendon sheath or joint capsule, commonly found in the wrist
ganglion cyst
effusion of blood into a joint cavity
hemarthrosis
loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching
hypotonia
primary malignant tumor that infiltrates the bone and red bone marrow
multiple myeloma
bony outgrowth that occasionally develops on the vertebra and may exert pressure on the spinal cord; also called bone spur
osteophyte
perceived sensation, following the amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists
phantom limb
replacement of a missing part by an artificial substitute, such as an artificial extremity
prosthesis
form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency
rickets
fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue
sequestrum
any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it
spondylolisthesis
degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues
spondylosis
tearing of ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate, or complete
sprain
to exert physical force in a manner that may result in injury, usually muscular
strain
partial or incomplete dislocation
subluxation
congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to one side; also called clubfoot
talipes equinovarus
disease causing degeneration of muscles
muscular dystrophy
chronic neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness manifested in ocular muscles
myasthenia gravis
type of sarcoma that attacks the shafts rather than the ends of long bones
Ewing sarcoma
bone that is partially bent and partially broken; occurs in children
greenstick fracture
exaggeration of the thoracic curve of the vertebral column; humpback
kyphosis
disease caused by a decrease in bone density; occurs in the elderly
osteoporosis
deviation of the spine to the right or left
scoliosis
cartilagenous sarcoma
chondrosarcoma
describes a bone that has splintered into pieces
comminuted fracture
inflammation of the vertebrae
spondylitis
metabolic disease caused by accumulation of uric acid, usually in the big toe
gout
development and production of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow
hematopoiesis
formation of pus
pyogenic
death of cells, tissues, or organs
necrosis
radiograph of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium
myelography
treatment of bone fractures by the use of surgery to place bones in a normal position
open reduction
used to treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity with the immune system
gold salts
painful disorder of the wrist and hand due to compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel
CTS (carpal tunnel syndrome)
excision of the posterior arch of a vertebrae
laminectomy
series of joint radiographs preceded by injection of a radiopaque substance or air into the joint cavity
arthrography
surgical binding or immobilization of a joint
arthrodesis
partial or complete removal of a limb
amputation
herniated nucleus pulposus
HNP
relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation
salicylates
visual examination of a joint’s interior, especially the knee
arthroscopy
excising a segment of necrosed bone
sequestrectomy
anterior cruciate ligament
ACL
relieve muscle spasms and stiffness
relaxants
manipulative treatment of bone fractures by placing the bones in normal position without incision
closed reduction