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Medical Terminology > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

ankylosis

A

stiffening and immobility of a joint as a result of disease, trauma, surgery, or abnormal bone fusion

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2
Q

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

A

painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel

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3
Q

claudication

A

lameness, limping

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4
Q

contracture

A

fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint

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5
Q

crepitation

A

dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction

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6
Q

electromyography

A

use of electrical stimulation to record the strength of muscle contraction

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7
Q

exacerbation

A

increase in severity of a disease or any of its symptoms

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8
Q

ganglion cyst

A

tumor of tendon sheath or joint capsule, commonly found in the wrist

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9
Q

hemarthrosis

A

effusion of blood into a joint cavity

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10
Q

hypotonia

A

loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching

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11
Q

multiple myeloma

A

primary malignant tumor that infiltrates the bone and red bone marrow

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12
Q

osteophyte

A

bony outgrowth that occasionally develops on the vertebra and may exert pressure on the spinal cord; also called bone spur

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13
Q

phantom limb

A

perceived sensation, following the amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists

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14
Q

prosthesis

A

replacement of a missing part by an artificial substitute, such as an artificial extremity

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15
Q

rickets

A

form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency

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16
Q

sequestrum

A

fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue

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17
Q

spondylolisthesis

A

any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it

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18
Q

spondylosis

A

degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues

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19
Q

sprain

A

tearing of ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate, or complete

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20
Q

strain

A

to exert physical force in a manner that may result in injury, usually muscular

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21
Q

subluxation

A

partial or incomplete dislocation

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22
Q

talipes equinovarus

A

congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to one side; also called clubfoot

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23
Q

muscular dystrophy

A

disease causing degeneration of muscles

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24
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

chronic neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness manifested in ocular muscles

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25
Q

Ewing sarcoma

A

type of sarcoma that attacks the shafts rather than the ends of long bones

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26
Q

greenstick fracture

A

bone that is partially bent and partially broken; occurs in children

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27
Q

kyphosis

A

exaggeration of the thoracic curve of the vertebral column; humpback

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28
Q

osteoporosis

A

disease caused by a decrease in bone density; occurs in the elderly

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29
Q

scoliosis

A

deviation of the spine to the right or left

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30
Q

chondrosarcoma

A

cartilagenous sarcoma

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31
Q

comminuted fracture

A

describes a bone that has splintered into pieces

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32
Q

spondylitis

A

inflammation of the vertebrae

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33
Q

gout

A

metabolic disease caused by accumulation of uric acid, usually in the big toe

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34
Q

hematopoiesis

A

development and production of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow

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35
Q

pyogenic

A

formation of pus

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36
Q

necrosis

A

death of cells, tissues, or organs

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37
Q

myelography

A

radiograph of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium

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38
Q

open reduction

A

treatment of bone fractures by the use of surgery to place bones in a normal position

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39
Q

gold salts

A

used to treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity with the immune system

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40
Q

CTS (carpal tunnel syndrome)

A

painful disorder of the wrist and hand due to compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
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41
Q

laminectomy

A

excision of the posterior arch of a vertebrae

42
Q

arthrography

A

series of joint radiographs preceded by injection of a radiopaque substance or air into the joint cavity

43
Q

arthrodesis

A

surgical binding or immobilization of a joint

44
Q

amputation

A

partial or complete removal of a limb

45
Q

HNP

A

herniated nucleus pulposus

46
Q

salicylates

A

relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation

47
Q

arthroscopy

A

visual examination of a joint’s interior, especially the knee

48
Q

sequestrectomy

A

excising a segment of necrosed bone

49
Q

ACL

A

anterior cruciate ligament

50
Q

relaxants

A

relieve muscle spasms and stiffness

51
Q

closed reduction

A

manipulative treatment of bone fractures by placing the bones in normal position without incision

52
Q

stiffening and immobility of a joint as a result of disease, trauma, surgery, or abnormal bone fusion

A

ankylosis

53
Q

painful condition resulting from compression of the median nerve within the carpal tunnel

A

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

54
Q

lameness, limping

A

claudication

55
Q

fibrosis of connective tissue in the skin, fascia, muscle, or joint capsule that prevents normal mobility of the related tissue or joint

A

contracture

56
Q

dry, grating sound or sensation caused by bone ends rubbing together, indicating a fracture or joint destruction

A

crepitation

57
Q

use of electrical stimulation to record the strength of muscle contraction

A

electromyography

58
Q

increase in severity of a disease or any of its symptoms

A

exacerbation

59
Q

tumor of tendon sheath or joint capsule, commonly found in the wrist

A

ganglion cyst

60
Q

effusion of blood into a joint cavity

A

hemarthrosis

61
Q

loss of muscular tone or a diminished resistance to passive stretching

A

hypotonia

62
Q

primary malignant tumor that infiltrates the bone and red bone marrow

A

multiple myeloma

63
Q

bony outgrowth that occasionally develops on the vertebra and may exert pressure on the spinal cord; also called bone spur

A

osteophyte

64
Q

perceived sensation, following the amputation of a limb, that the limb still exists

A

phantom limb

65
Q

replacement of a missing part by an artificial substitute, such as an artificial extremity

A

prosthesis

66
Q

form of osteomalacia in children caused by vitamin D deficiency

A

rickets

67
Q

fragment of necrosed bone that has become separated from surrounding tissue

A

sequestrum

68
Q

any slipping (subluxation) of a vertebra from its normal position in relationship to the one beneath it

A

spondylolisthesis

69
Q

degeneration of the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar vertebrae and related tissues

A

spondylosis

70
Q

tearing of ligament tissue that may be slight, moderate, or complete

A

sprain

71
Q

to exert physical force in a manner that may result in injury, usually muscular

A

strain

72
Q

partial or incomplete dislocation

A

subluxation

73
Q

congenital deformity of one or both feet in which the foot is pulled downward and laterally to one side; also called clubfoot

A

talipes equinovarus

74
Q

disease causing degeneration of muscles

A

muscular dystrophy

75
Q

chronic neuromuscular disorder characterized by weakness manifested in ocular muscles

A

myasthenia gravis

76
Q

type of sarcoma that attacks the shafts rather than the ends of long bones

A

Ewing sarcoma

77
Q

bone that is partially bent and partially broken; occurs in children

A

greenstick fracture

78
Q

exaggeration of the thoracic curve of the vertebral column; humpback

A

kyphosis

79
Q

disease caused by a decrease in bone density; occurs in the elderly

A

osteoporosis

80
Q

deviation of the spine to the right or left

A

scoliosis

81
Q

cartilagenous sarcoma

A

chondrosarcoma

82
Q

describes a bone that has splintered into pieces

A

comminuted fracture

83
Q

inflammation of the vertebrae

A

spondylitis

84
Q

metabolic disease caused by accumulation of uric acid, usually in the big toe

A

gout

85
Q

development and production of blood cells, normally in the bone marrow

A

hematopoiesis

86
Q

formation of pus

A

pyogenic

87
Q

death of cells, tissues, or organs

A

necrosis

88
Q

radiograph of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium

A

myelography

89
Q

treatment of bone fractures by the use of surgery to place bones in a normal position

A

open reduction

90
Q

used to treat rheumatoid arthritis by inhibiting activity with the immune system

A

gold salts

91
Q

painful disorder of the wrist and hand due to compression of the median nerve as it passes through the carpal tunnel

A

CTS (carpal tunnel syndrome)

92
Q

excision of the posterior arch of a vertebrae

A

laminectomy

93
Q

series of joint radiographs preceded by injection of a radiopaque substance or air into the joint cavity

A

arthrography

94
Q

surgical binding or immobilization of a joint

A

arthrodesis

95
Q

partial or complete removal of a limb

A

amputation

96
Q

herniated nucleus pulposus

A

HNP

97
Q

relieve mild to moderate pain and reduce inflammation

A

salicylates

98
Q

visual examination of a joint’s interior, especially the knee

A

arthroscopy

99
Q

excising a segment of necrosed bone

A

sequestrectomy

100
Q

anterior cruciate ligament

A

ACL

101
Q

relieve muscle spasms and stiffness

A

relaxants

102
Q

manipulative treatment of bone fractures by placing the bones in normal position without incision

A

closed reduction

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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