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Medical Terminology > Chapter 14 CNS > Flashcards

Chapter 14 CNS Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aneurysm

A

localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery

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2
Q

cerebral MRI

A

noninvasive technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of blood vessels in the brain

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3
Q

cisterna subarachnoidalis

A

Widening portions of the subarachnoid space within the cranium where the arachnoid bridges over a depression on the surface of the brain

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4
Q

CSF

A

located in the subarachnoid space; colorless fluid that contains proteins, glucose, urea, salts, and some WBCs. Circulates to provide nutritive substances to the CNS

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5
Q

CT scan

A

imaging technique that rotates an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned (brain) and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles

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6
Q

hydrocephalus

A

any interference with the absorption of CSF resulting in a collection of fluid in the brain

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7
Q

lumbar puncture

A

procedure to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes, introduce anesthetic agents into the spinal canal, or remove fluid to allow other fluids to be injected

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8
Q

meningismus

A

A condition characterized by neck stiffness, headache, and other symptoms suggestive of meningeal irritation, but without actual inflammation of the meninges (meningitis). Spinal fluid pressure may be elevated but spinal fluid is normal

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9
Q

occipital

A

the two lobes of the brain located above the occipital bone in the rearmost portion of the head

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10
Q

R/O

A

rule out

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11
Q

subarachnoid

A

the space between the arachnoid and the pia mater containing CSF

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12
Q

abscess

A

localized collection of pus at the site of infection

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13
Q

acute

A

rapid onset and/or short course

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14
Q

clonidine

A

a sympatholytic medication used to treat high blood pressure, ADHD, anxiety/panic disorders, and certain pain conditions. It is classified as a centrally acting α2 adrenergic agonist

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15
Q

epidural

A

The epidural space is the space inside the bony spinal canal but just outside the dura mater

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16
Q

fluroscopy

A

radiographic technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays continuous motion images of internal structures

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17
Q

infarct

A

An area of tissue that undergoes necrosis as a result of obstruction of local blood supply, as by a thrombus or embolus

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18
Q

L2-3

A

lumbar vertebrae 2 and 3

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19
Q

lumbar

A

of or pertaining to the abdominal segment of the torso, between the diaphragm and the sacrum

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20
Q

methadone

A

Treats moderate to severe pain. Also used together with medical supervision and counseling to treat narcotic drug addiction or to help control withdrawal symptoms. This medicine is a narcotic pain reliever

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21
Q

myelitis

A

inflammation of the spinal cord, which often targets insulating material covering nerve cell fibers (myelin)

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22
Q

paraplegia

A

paralysis of the lower portion of the trunk and both legs

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23
Q

paresthesia

A

A skin sensation, such as burning, prickling, itching, or tingling, with no apparent physical cause

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24
Q

T 10-11

A

thoracic vertebrae 10 and 11

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25
Q

transverse

A

acting, lying, or being across

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26
Q

hemiparesis

A

weakness in one half of the body

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27
Q

aphasia

A

inability to speak

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28
Q

Alzheimer disease

A

pathological condition associated with formation of small plaques in the cerebral cortex

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29
Q

bulimia nervosa

A

eating disorder characterized by binging and purging

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30
Q

clonic phase

A

part of the grand mal seizure characterized by uncontrolled jerking of the body

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31
Q

Guillain-Barre syndrome

A

autoimmune condition that causes acute inflammation of peripheral nerves

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32
Q

phobias

A

type of neurosis characterized by irrational fears

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33
Q

bipolar disorder

A

mental disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, emotion, and energy

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34
Q

epilepsies

A

chronic or recurring seizure disorders

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35
Q

ischemic stroke

A

commonly caused by narrowing of the carotid arteries

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36
Q

shingles

A

disease caused by the same organism that causes chickenpox in children

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37
Q

radiculopathy

A

disease of the nerve root associated with the spinal cord

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38
Q

poliomyelitis

A

disease that causes inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

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39
Q

lethargy

A

abnormal inactivity or lack of response to normal stimuli

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40
Q

myelomeningocele

A

most severe form of spina bifida where the spinal cord and meninges protrude through the spine

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41
Q

autism

A

mental disorder characterized by extreme withdrawal and abnormal absorption in fantasy

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42
Q

Parkinson disease

A

disease characterized by head nodding, bradykinesia, tremors, and shuffling gait

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43
Q

multiple sclerosis

A

disease characterized by demyelination in the spinal cord and brain

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44
Q

concussion

A

loss of consciousness caused by trauma to the head

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45
Q

NCV (nerve conduction velocity)

A

tests the speed at which impulses travel through a nerve

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46
Q

psychostimulants

A

reduce impulsive behavior by increasing the level of neurotransmitters; treat ADHD and narcolepsy

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47
Q

antipsychotics

A

treat psychosis, paranoia, and schizophrenia by altering chemicals in the brain, including the limbic system, which controls emotions

48
Q

general anesthetics

A

act upon brain to produce complete loss of feeling with loss of consciousness

49
Q

echoencephalography

A

US technique used to study the intracranial structures of the brain

50
Q

cryosurgery

A

technique that employs extreme cold to destroy tissue

51
Q

myelography

A

radiological examination of the spinal canal, nerve roots, and spinal cord

52
Q

cerebral angiography

A

visualization of the cerebrovascular system after injection of a radiopaque dye

53
Q

CSF analysis

A

laboratory test used to diagnose viral and bacterial infections, tumors, and hemorrhage

54
Q

electromyography

A

recording of electrical signals when a muscle is at rest and during contraction to assess nerve damage

55
Q

PET scan

A

scan using computed tomography to record the positrons emitted from a radiopharmaceutical

56
Q

tractotomy

A

transection of a nerve tract in the brainstem or spinal cord

57
Q

hypnotics

A

agents that depress the CNS functions, promote sedation and sleep, and relieve agitation, anxiousness, and restlessness

58
Q

trephination

A

cutting a circular opening into the skull to reveal brain tissue and decrease intracranial pressure

59
Q

localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery

A

aneurysm

60
Q

noninvasive technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field to produce multiplanar cross-sectional images of blood vessels in the brain

A

cerebral MRI

61
Q

Widening portions of the subarachnoid space within the cranium where the arachnoid bridges over a depression on the surface of the brain

A

cisterna subarachnoidalis

62
Q

located in the subarachnoid space; colorless fluid that contains proteins, glucose, urea, salts, and some WBCs. Circulates to provide nutritive substances to the CNS

A

CSF

63
Q

imaging technique that rotates an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned (brain) and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles

A

CT scan

64
Q

any interference with the absorption of CSF resulting in a collection of fluid in the brain

A

hydrocephalus

65
Q

procedure to extract spinal fluid for diagnostic purposes, introduce anesthetic agents into the spinal canal, or remove fluid to allow other fluids to be injected

A

lumbar puncture

66
Q

A condition characterized by neck stiffness, headache, and other symptoms suggestive of meningeal irritation, but without actual inflammation of the meninges (meningitis). Spinal fluid pressure may be elevated but spinal fluid is normal

A

meningismus

67
Q

the two lobes of the brain located above the occipital bone in the rearmost portion of the head

A

occipital

68
Q

rule out

A

R/O

69
Q

the space between the arachnoid and the pia mater containing CSF

A

subarachnoid

70
Q

localized collection of pus at the site of infection

A

abscess

71
Q

rapid onset and/or short course

A

acute

72
Q

a sympatholytic medication used to treat high blood pressure, ADHD, anxiety/panic disorders, and certain pain conditions. It is classified as a centrally acting α2 adrenergic agonist

A

clonidine

73
Q

the space inside the bony spinal canal & just outside the dura mater

A

epidural

74
Q

radiographic technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays continuous motion images of internal structures

A

fluroscopy

75
Q

An area of tissue that undergoes necrosis as a result of obstruction of local blood supply, as by a thrombus or embolus

A

infarct

76
Q

lumbar vertebrae 2 and 3

A

L2-3

77
Q

of or pertaining to the abdominal segment of the torso, between the diaphragm and the sacrum

A

lumbar

78
Q

Treats moderate to severe pain. Also used together with medical supervision and counseling to treat narcotic drug addiction or to help control withdrawal symptoms. This medicine is a narcotic pain reliever

A

methadone

79
Q

inflammation of the spinal cord, which often targets insulating material covering nerve cell fibers (myelin)

A

myelitis

80
Q

paralysis of the lower portion of the trunk and both legs

A

paraplegia

81
Q

A skin sensation, such as burning, prickling, itching, or tingling, with no apparent physical cause

A

paresthesia

82
Q

thoracic vertebrae 10 and 11

A

T 10-11

83
Q

acting, lying, or being across

A

transverse

84
Q

weakness in one half of the body

A

hemiparesis

85
Q

inability to speak

A

aphasia

86
Q

pathological condition associated with formation of small plaques in the cerebral cortex

A

Alzheimer disease

87
Q

eating disorder characterized by binging and purging

A

bulimia nervosa

88
Q

part of the grand mal seizure characterized by uncontrolled jerking of the body

A

clonic phase

89
Q

autoimmune condition that causes acute inflammation of peripheral nerves

A

Guillain-Barre syndrome

90
Q

type of neurosis characterized by irrational fears

A

phobias

91
Q

mental disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, emotion, and energy

A

bipolar disorder

92
Q

chronic or recurring seizure disorders

A

epilepsies

93
Q

commonly caused by narrowing of the carotid arteries

A

ischemic stroke

94
Q

disease caused by the same organism that causes chickenpox in children

A

shingles

95
Q

disease of the nerve root associated with the spinal cord

A

radiculopathy

96
Q

disease that causes inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord

A

poliomyelitis

97
Q

abnormal inactivity or lack of response to normal stimuli

A

lethargy

98
Q

most severe form of spina bifida where the spinal cord and meninges protrude through the spine

A

myelomeningocele

99
Q

mental disorder characterized by extreme withdrawal and abnormal absorption in fantasy

A

autism

100
Q

disease characterized by head nodding, bradykinesia, tremors, and shuffling gait

A

Parkinson disease

101
Q

disease characterized by demyelination in the spinal cord and brain

A

multiple sclerosis

102
Q

loss of consciousness caused by trauma to the head

A

concussion

103
Q

tests the speed at which impulses travel through a nerve

A

NCV (nerve conduction velocity)

104
Q

reduce impulsive behavior by increasing the level of neurotransmitters; treat ADHD and narcolepsy

A

psychostimulants

105
Q

treat psychosis, paranoia, and schizophrenia by altering chemicals in the brain, including the limbic system, which controls emotions

A

antipsychotics

106
Q

act upon brain to produce complete loss of feeling with loss of consciousness

A

general anesthetics

107
Q

US technique used to study the intracranial structures of the brain

A

echoencephalography

108
Q

technique that employs extreme cold to destroy tissue

A

cryosurgery

109
Q

radiological examination of the spinal canal, nerve roots, and spinal cord

A

myelography

110
Q

visualization of the cerebrovascular system after injection of a radiopaque dye

A

cerebral angiography

111
Q

laboratory test used to diagnose viral and bacterial infections, tumors, and hemorrhage

A

CSF analysis

112
Q

recording of electrical signals when a muscle is at rest and during contraction to assess nerve damage

A

electromyography

113
Q

scan using computed tomography to record the positrons emitted from a radiopharmaceutical

A

PET scan

114
Q

transection of a nerve tract in the brainstem or spinal cord

A

tractotomy

115
Q

agents that depress the CNS functions, promote sedation and sleep, and relieve agitation, anxiousness, and restlessness

A

hypnotics

116
Q

cutting a circular opening into the skull to reveal brain tissue and decrease intracranial pressure

A

trephination

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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