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Medical Terminology > Chapter 8 > Flashcards

Chapter 8 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

aneurysm

A

localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery

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2
Q

arrest

A

condition of being stopped or bringing to a stop

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3
Q

cardiac arrest

A

loss of effective cardia function, which results in cessation of circulation

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4
Q

circulatory arrest

A

cessation of the circulation of blood due to ventricular standstill or fibrillation

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5
Q

arrhythmia

A

inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm, possibly including a rapid or slow beat or “skipping” a beat; also called dysrhythmia

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6
Q

bruit

A

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation, possibly due to vibrations associated with the movement of blood, valvular action, or both; also called murmur

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7
Q

cardiomyopathy

A

any disease or weakening of the heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function

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8
Q

catheter

A

thin, flexible, hollow plastic tube that is small enough to be threaded through a vein, artery, or tubular structure

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9
Q

coarctation

A

narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta

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10
Q

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

A

blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs

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11
Q

ejection fraction (EJ)

A

calculation of how much blood a ventricle can eject with one contraction

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12
Q

heart failure (HF)

A

failure of the heart to supply an adequate amount of blood to tissues and organs

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13
Q

embolus

A

mass of undissovled matter (foreign object, air, gas, tissue, thrombus) circulating in blood or lymphatic channels until it becomes lodged in a vessel

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14
Q

fibrillation

A

quivering or spontaneous muscle contractions, especially of the heart, causing ineffectual contractions

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15
Q

hemostasis

A

arrest of bleeding or circulation

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16
Q

hyperlipidemia

A

excessive amounts of lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides) in the blood

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17
Q

hypertension (HTN)

A

common disorder characterized by elevated blood pressure persistently exceeding 140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic

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18
Q

primary HTN

A

HTN in which there is no identifiable cause; also called essential HTN

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19
Q

secondary HTN

A

HTN that results from an underlying, identifiable, commonly correctable cause

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20
Q

hypertensive heart disease

A

any heart disorder caused by prolonged HTN, including left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, and heart failure

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21
Q

implantable cardioverterdefibrillator (ICD)

A

implantable battery-powered device that monitors and automatically corrects ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation by sending electrical impulses to the heart

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22
Q

infarct

A

area of tissue that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blood supply

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23
Q

ischemia

A

local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to circulatory obstruction

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24
Q

mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

A

common and occasionally serous condition in which the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole causing a characteristic murmur heard on auscultation

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25
Q

radioisotope

A

chemical radioactive material used as a tracer to follow a substance through the body or a structure

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26
Q

palpitation

A

sensation that the heart is not beating normally, possibly including “thumping,” “fluttering,” “skipped beats,” or a pounding feeling in the chest

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27
Q

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

A

failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, allowing blood to flow from the aorta into the pulmonary artery

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28
Q

perfusion

A

circulation of blood through tissues or the passage of fluids through vessels of an organ

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29
Q

tetralogy of Fallot

A

congenital anomaly consisting of four elements: (1) pulmonary artery stenosis; (2) interventricular septal defect; (3) transposition of the aorta, so that both ventricles empty into the aorta; (4) right ventricular hypertrophy caused by increased workload of the right ventricle

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30
Q

stent

A

slender or threadlike device used to hold open vessels, tubes, or obstructed arteries

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31
Q

thrombus

A

blood clot that obstructs a vessel

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32
Q

cardiac catheterization (CC)

A

passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or an artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart

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33
Q

electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)

A

graphic line recording that shows the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to the chest, arms, and legs

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34
Q

angina

A

chest pain

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35
Q

incompetent

A

inability of a valve to close completely

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36
Q

vegetations

A

small masses of inflammatory material found on the leaflets of valves

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37
Q

varices

A

varicose veins of the esophagus

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38
Q

diaphoresis

A

profuse sweating

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39
Q

Holter monitor test

A

24-hour ECG tracing taken with a small, portable recording system

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40
Q

echocardiography

A

noninvasive ultrasound diagnostic test used to visualize internal cardiac structures

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41
Q

coronary angiography

A

radiological examination of the blood vessels of and around the heart

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42
Q

nitrates

A

agents used to treat angina

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43
Q

statins

A

drugs that have powerful lipid-lowering properties

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44
Q

diuretics

A

management of edema associated with heart failure and hypertension

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45
Q

cardiac enzyme studies

A

include troponin T, troponin I, and creatinine kinase

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46
Q

scintigraphy

A

injection and detection of radioactive isotopes to create images and identify function and disease

47
Q

stress test

A

ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions

48
Q

ligation and stripping

A

tying of a varicose vein and subsequent removal

49
Q

commissurotomy

A

surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve

50
Q

arterial biopsy

A

removal of a small segment of an artery for diagnostic purposes

51
Q

catheter ablation

A

destruction of conductive tissue of the heart to interrupt abnormal conditions

52
Q

angioplasty

A

procedure that alters a vessel through surgery or dilation

53
Q

PTCA

A

dilation of an occluded vessel using a balloon catheter

54
Q

CABG

A

surgery that creates a bypass around a blocked segment of a coronary artery

55
Q

atherectomy

A

removal of occluding material using a cutting or grinding device

56
Q

venipuncture

A

incision or puncture of a vein to remove blood or introduce fluids

57
Q

thrombolysis

A

destruction of a blood clot

58
Q

localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery

A

aneurysm

59
Q

condition of being stopped or bringing to a stop

A

arrest

60
Q

loss of effective cardia function, which results in cessation of circulation

A

cardiac arrest

61
Q

cessation of the circulation of blood due to ventricular standstill or fibrillation

A

circulatory arrest

62
Q

inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm, possibly including a rapid or slow beat or “skipping” a beat; also called dysrhythmia

A

arrhythmia

63
Q

soft blowing sound heard on auscultation, possibly due to vibrations associated with the movement of blood, valvular action, or both; also called murmur

A

bruit

64
Q

any disease or weakening of the heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function

A

cardiomyopathy

65
Q

thin, flexible, hollow plastic tube that is small enough to be threaded through a vein, artery, or tubular structure

A

catheter

66
Q

narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta

A

coarctation

67
Q

blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs

A

deep vein thrombosis (DVT)

68
Q

calculation of how much blood a ventricle can eject with one contraction

A

ejection fraction (EJ)

69
Q

failure of the heart to supply an adequate amount of blood to tissues and organs

A

heart failure (HF)

70
Q

mass of undissovled matter (foreign object, air, gas, tissue, thrombus) circulating in blood or lymphatic channels until it becomes lodged in a vessel

A

embolus

71
Q

quivering or spontaneous muscle contractions, especially of the heart, causing ineffectual contractions

A

fibrillation

72
Q

arrest of bleeding or circulation

A

hemostasis

73
Q

excessive amounts of lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides) in the blood

A

hyperlipidemia

74
Q

common disorder characterized by elevated blood pressure persistently exceeding 140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic

A

hypertension (HTN)

75
Q

HTN in which there is no identifiable cause; also called essential HTN

A

primary HTN

76
Q

HTN that results from an underlying, identifiable, commonly correctable cause

A

secondary HTN

77
Q

any heart disorder caused by prolonged HTN, including left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, and heart failure

A

hypertensive heart disease

78
Q

implantable battery-powered device that monitors and automatically corrects ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation by sending electrical impulses to the heart

A

implantable cardioverterdefibrillator (ICD)

79
Q

area of tissue that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blood supply

A

infarct

80
Q

local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to circulatory obstruction

A

ischemia

81
Q

common and occasionally serous condition in which the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole causing a characteristic murmur heard on auscultation

A

mitral valve prolapse (MVP)

82
Q

chemical radioactive material used as a tracer to follow a substance through the body or a structure

A

radioisotope

83
Q

sensation that the heart is not beating normally, possibly including “thumping,” “fluttering,” “skipped beats,” or a pounding feeling in the chest

A

palpitation

84
Q

failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, allowing blood to flow from the aorta into the pulmonary artery

A

patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)

85
Q

circulation of blood through tissues or the passage of fluids through vessels of an organ

A

perfusion

86
Q

congenital anomaly consisting of four elements: (1) pulmonary artery stenosis; (2) interventricular septal defect; (3) transposition of the aorta, so that both ventricles empty into the aorta; (4) right ventricular hypertrophy caused by increased workload of the right ventricle

A

tetralogy of Fallot

87
Q

slender or threadlike device used to hold open vessels, tubes, or obstructed arteries

A

stent

88
Q

blood clot that obstructs a vessel

A

thrombus

89
Q

passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or an artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart

A

cardiac catheterization (CC)

90
Q

graphic line recording that shows the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to the chest, arms, and legs

A

electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)

91
Q

chest pain

A

angina

92
Q

inability of a valve to close completely

A

incompetent

93
Q

small masses of inflammatory material found on the leaflets of valves

A

vegetations

94
Q

varicose veins of the esophagus

A

varices

95
Q

profuse sweating

A

diaphoresis

96
Q

24-hour ECG tracing taken with a small, portable recording system

A

Holter monitor test

97
Q

noninvasive ultrasound diagnostic test used to visualize internal cardiac structures

A

echocardiography

98
Q

radiological examination of the blood vessels of and around the heart

A

coronary angiography

99
Q

agents used to treat angina

A

nitrates

100
Q

drugs that have powerful lipid-lowering properties

A

statins

101
Q

management of edema associated with heart failure and hypertension

A

diuretics

102
Q

include troponin T, troponin I, and creatinine kinase

A

cardiac enzyme studies

103
Q

injection and detection of radioactive isotopes to create images and identify function and disease

A

scintigraphy

104
Q

ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions

A

stress test

105
Q

tying of a varicose vein and subsequent removal

A

ligation and stripping

106
Q

surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve

A

commissurotomy

107
Q

removal of a small segment of an artery for diagnostic purposes

A

arterial biopsy

108
Q

destruction of conductive tissue of the heart to interrupt abnormal conditions

A

catheter ablation

109
Q

procedure that alters a vessel through surgery or dilation

A

angioplasty

110
Q

dilation of an occluded vessel using a balloon catheter

A

PTCA

111
Q

surgery that creates a bypass around a blocked segment of a coronary artery

A

CABG

112
Q

removal of occluding material using a cutting or grinding device

A

atherectomy

113
Q

incision or puncture of a vein to remove blood or introduce fluids

A

venipuncture

114
Q

destruction of a blood clot

A

thrombolysis

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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