Chapter 8 Flashcards
aneurysm
localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery
arrest
condition of being stopped or bringing to a stop
cardiac arrest
loss of effective cardia function, which results in cessation of circulation
circulatory arrest
cessation of the circulation of blood due to ventricular standstill or fibrillation
arrhythmia
inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm, possibly including a rapid or slow beat or “skipping” a beat; also called dysrhythmia
bruit
soft blowing sound heard on auscultation, possibly due to vibrations associated with the movement of blood, valvular action, or both; also called murmur
cardiomyopathy
any disease or weakening of the heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function
catheter
thin, flexible, hollow plastic tube that is small enough to be threaded through a vein, artery, or tubular structure
coarctation
narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs
ejection fraction (EJ)
calculation of how much blood a ventricle can eject with one contraction
heart failure (HF)
failure of the heart to supply an adequate amount of blood to tissues and organs
embolus
mass of undissovled matter (foreign object, air, gas, tissue, thrombus) circulating in blood or lymphatic channels until it becomes lodged in a vessel
fibrillation
quivering or spontaneous muscle contractions, especially of the heart, causing ineffectual contractions
hemostasis
arrest of bleeding or circulation
hyperlipidemia
excessive amounts of lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides) in the blood
hypertension (HTN)
common disorder characterized by elevated blood pressure persistently exceeding 140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic
primary HTN
HTN in which there is no identifiable cause; also called essential HTN
secondary HTN
HTN that results from an underlying, identifiable, commonly correctable cause
hypertensive heart disease
any heart disorder caused by prolonged HTN, including left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, and heart failure
implantable cardioverterdefibrillator (ICD)
implantable battery-powered device that monitors and automatically corrects ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation by sending electrical impulses to the heart
infarct
area of tissue that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blood supply
ischemia
local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to circulatory obstruction
mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
common and occasionally serous condition in which the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole causing a characteristic murmur heard on auscultation
radioisotope
chemical radioactive material used as a tracer to follow a substance through the body or a structure
palpitation
sensation that the heart is not beating normally, possibly including “thumping,” “fluttering,” “skipped beats,” or a pounding feeling in the chest
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, allowing blood to flow from the aorta into the pulmonary artery
perfusion
circulation of blood through tissues or the passage of fluids through vessels of an organ
tetralogy of Fallot
congenital anomaly consisting of four elements: (1) pulmonary artery stenosis; (2) interventricular septal defect; (3) transposition of the aorta, so that both ventricles empty into the aorta; (4) right ventricular hypertrophy caused by increased workload of the right ventricle
stent
slender or threadlike device used to hold open vessels, tubes, or obstructed arteries
thrombus
blood clot that obstructs a vessel
cardiac catheterization (CC)
passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or an artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart
electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)
graphic line recording that shows the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to the chest, arms, and legs
angina
chest pain
incompetent
inability of a valve to close completely
vegetations
small masses of inflammatory material found on the leaflets of valves
varices
varicose veins of the esophagus
diaphoresis
profuse sweating
Holter monitor test
24-hour ECG tracing taken with a small, portable recording system
echocardiography
noninvasive ultrasound diagnostic test used to visualize internal cardiac structures
coronary angiography
radiological examination of the blood vessels of and around the heart
nitrates
agents used to treat angina
statins
drugs that have powerful lipid-lowering properties
diuretics
management of edema associated with heart failure and hypertension
cardiac enzyme studies
include troponin T, troponin I, and creatinine kinase
scintigraphy
injection and detection of radioactive isotopes to create images and identify function and disease
stress test
ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions
ligation and stripping
tying of a varicose vein and subsequent removal
commissurotomy
surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve
arterial biopsy
removal of a small segment of an artery for diagnostic purposes
catheter ablation
destruction of conductive tissue of the heart to interrupt abnormal conditions
angioplasty
procedure that alters a vessel through surgery or dilation
PTCA
dilation of an occluded vessel using a balloon catheter
CABG
surgery that creates a bypass around a blocked segment of a coronary artery
atherectomy
removal of occluding material using a cutting or grinding device
venipuncture
incision or puncture of a vein to remove blood or introduce fluids
thrombolysis
destruction of a blood clot
localized abnormal dilation of a vessel, usually an artery
aneurysm
condition of being stopped or bringing to a stop
arrest
loss of effective cardia function, which results in cessation of circulation
cardiac arrest
cessation of the circulation of blood due to ventricular standstill or fibrillation
circulatory arrest
inability of the heart to maintain a normal sinus rhythm, possibly including a rapid or slow beat or “skipping” a beat; also called dysrhythmia
arrhythmia
soft blowing sound heard on auscultation, possibly due to vibrations associated with the movement of blood, valvular action, or both; also called murmur
bruit
any disease or weakening of the heart muscle that diminishes cardiac function
cardiomyopathy
thin, flexible, hollow plastic tube that is small enough to be threaded through a vein, artery, or tubular structure
catheter
narrowing of a vessel, especially the aorta
coarctation
blood clot that forms in the deep veins of the body, especially those in the legs or thighs
deep vein thrombosis (DVT)
calculation of how much blood a ventricle can eject with one contraction
ejection fraction (EJ)
failure of the heart to supply an adequate amount of blood to tissues and organs
heart failure (HF)
mass of undissovled matter (foreign object, air, gas, tissue, thrombus) circulating in blood or lymphatic channels until it becomes lodged in a vessel
embolus
quivering or spontaneous muscle contractions, especially of the heart, causing ineffectual contractions
fibrillation
arrest of bleeding or circulation
hemostasis
excessive amounts of lipids (cholesterol, phospholipids, and triglycerides) in the blood
hyperlipidemia
common disorder characterized by elevated blood pressure persistently exceeding 140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic
hypertension (HTN)
HTN in which there is no identifiable cause; also called essential HTN
primary HTN
HTN that results from an underlying, identifiable, commonly correctable cause
secondary HTN
any heart disorder caused by prolonged HTN, including left ventricular hypertrophy, coronary artery disease, cardiac arrhythmias, and heart failure
hypertensive heart disease
implantable battery-powered device that monitors and automatically corrects ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation by sending electrical impulses to the heart
implantable cardioverterdefibrillator (ICD)
area of tissue that undergoes necrosis following cessation of blood supply
infarct
local and temporary deficiency of blood supply due to circulatory obstruction
ischemia
common and occasionally serous condition in which the leaflets of the mitral valve prolapse into the left atrium during systole causing a characteristic murmur heard on auscultation
mitral valve prolapse (MVP)
chemical radioactive material used as a tracer to follow a substance through the body or a structure
radioisotope
sensation that the heart is not beating normally, possibly including “thumping,” “fluttering,” “skipped beats,” or a pounding feeling in the chest
palpitation
failure of the ductus arteriosus to close after birth, allowing blood to flow from the aorta into the pulmonary artery
patent ductus arteriosus (PDA)
circulation of blood through tissues or the passage of fluids through vessels of an organ
perfusion
congenital anomaly consisting of four elements: (1) pulmonary artery stenosis; (2) interventricular septal defect; (3) transposition of the aorta, so that both ventricles empty into the aorta; (4) right ventricular hypertrophy caused by increased workload of the right ventricle
tetralogy of Fallot
slender or threadlike device used to hold open vessels, tubes, or obstructed arteries
stent
blood clot that obstructs a vessel
thrombus
passage of a catheter into the heart through a vein or an artery to provide a comprehensive evaluation of the heart
cardiac catheterization (CC)
graphic line recording that shows the spread of electrical excitation to different parts of the heart using small metal electrodes applied to the chest, arms, and legs
electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)
chest pain
angina
inability of a valve to close completely
incompetent
small masses of inflammatory material found on the leaflets of valves
vegetations
varicose veins of the esophagus
varices
profuse sweating
diaphoresis
24-hour ECG tracing taken with a small, portable recording system
Holter monitor test
noninvasive ultrasound diagnostic test used to visualize internal cardiac structures
echocardiography
radiological examination of the blood vessels of and around the heart
coronary angiography
agents used to treat angina
nitrates
drugs that have powerful lipid-lowering properties
statins
management of edema associated with heart failure and hypertension
diuretics
include troponin T, troponin I, and creatinine kinase
cardiac enzyme studies
injection and detection of radioactive isotopes to create images and identify function and disease
scintigraphy
ECG taken under controlled exercise stress conditions
stress test
tying of a varicose vein and subsequent removal
ligation and stripping
surgical separation of the leaflets of the mitral valve
commissurotomy
removal of a small segment of an artery for diagnostic purposes
arterial biopsy
destruction of conductive tissue of the heart to interrupt abnormal conditions
catheter ablation
procedure that alters a vessel through surgery or dilation
angioplasty
dilation of an occluded vessel using a balloon catheter
PTCA
surgery that creates a bypass around a blocked segment of a coronary artery
CABG
removal of occluding material using a cutting or grinding device
atherectomy
incision or puncture of a vein to remove blood or introduce fluids
venipuncture
destruction of a blood clot
thrombolysis