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Medical Terminology > Final > Flashcards

Final Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

visual examination of a cavity or canal using a flexible fiberoptic instrument called an endoscope

A

endoscopy

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2
Q

endoscopy of the esophagus (esophagoscopy), stomach (gastroscopy), and duodenum (duodenoscopy)

A

upper GI

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3
Q

endoscopy of the colon (colonoscopy), sigmoid colon (sigmoidoscopy), and rectum and anal canal (proctoscopy)

A

lower GI

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4
Q

panel of blood tests that identify the specific virus- hep A (HAV), hep B (HBV), or hep C (HCV)- causing hepatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each of these antigens

A

hepatitis panel

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5
Q

group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions often associated with the biliary tract

A

liver function tests (LFT)

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6
Q

measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood

A

serum bilirubin

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7
Q

test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces

A

stool culture

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8
Q

applying a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect presence of occult blood in the feces; also called hemoccult

A

stool guaiac

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9
Q

radiographic exam of the rectum and colon following enema administration of barium sulfate (contrast medium) into the rectum; also called lower GI series

A

barium enema

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10
Q

radiographic exam of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following oral administration of barium sulfate. aka esophagram and upper GI series

A

barium swallow

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11
Q

rad images taken of the gallbladder after admin of a contrast material containing iodine, usually in the form of a tablet

A

cholecystography

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12
Q

imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles

A

computed tomography (CT)

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13
Q

endoscopic procedure that provides radiographic visualization of the bile and pancreatic ducts to identify partial or total obstructions as well as stones, cysts, and tumors

A

endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

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14
Q

radiographic examination of bile duct structures

A

percutaneous transhepatic choliangography (PTCP)

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15
Q

radiologic examination of the salivary glands and ducts

A

sialography

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16
Q

test that uses high frequency sound waves to analyze the reflected echos from anatomical structures and convert them into an image on a video monitor

A

ultrasonography

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17
Q

US visualization of the abdominal aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and bladder

A

abdominal ultrasonography

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18
Q

representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis

A

biopsy (bx)

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19
Q

use of a large-bore needle to remove a core of liver tissue for histological examination

A

liver biopsy

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20
Q

procedure that involves insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distention by removing gas, food, or gastric secretions

A

nasogastric intubation

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21
Q

surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another

A

anastomosis

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22
Q

surgical connection of the ileum and rectum after total colectomy

A

iliorectal anastomosis

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23
Q

surgical connection of two portions of the intestines; aka enteroenterostomy

A

intestinal anastomosis

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24
Q

group of procedures that treat morbid obesity and its resultant health problems

A

bariatric surgery

25
Q

upper esophagus near the stomach is stapled vertically to reduce it to a small pouch. A band is then inserted that restricts food consumption and delays its passage from the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness

A

vertical banded gastroplasty

26
Q

stomach is first stapled to decrease it to a small pouch. Next, the jejunum is shortened and connected to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the nonfunctioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration

A

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB)

27
Q

creation of an opening of a portion of the colon through the abdominal wall to its outside surface in order to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag

A

colostomy

28
Q

procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments either surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves

A

lithotripsy

29
Q

use of shockwaves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts

A

extracorporeal shockwave

30
Q

excision of a polyp

A

polypectomy

31
Q

incision of the longitudinal and circular muscles of the pylorus; used to treat hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

pyloromyotomy

32
Q

series of radiographs taken after injection of a contrast medium into a joint cavity to outline the contour of a joint

A

arthrography

33
Q

rad procedures that use low-energy x-ray absorption to measure bone mineral density (BMD)

A

bone density tests

34
Q

imaging technique that uses an x-ray beam and and a computer to make a series of cross sectional images of a body part, which make up a 3D view of the area scanned

A

computed tomography (CT)

35
Q

rad examination of intervertebral disc structures by injecting a contrast medium

A

discography

36
Q

rad of the five lumbar vertebrae and the fused sacral vertebrae

A

lumbosacral spinal radiography

37
Q

rad of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium to identify and study spinal distortions caused by tumors, cysts, herniated intervertebral discs, or other lesions

A

myelography

38
Q

nuclear medicine procedure that visualizes various tissues and organs after administration of a radionuclide

A

scintigraphy

39
Q

radionuclide is injected intravenously and taken up into bone

A

bone scintigraphy

40
Q

procedure that restores bone to its normal position

A

reduction

41
Q

fractured bones are realigned by manipulation rather than surgery

A

closed reduction

42
Q

fractured bones are placed in their proper position using surgery

A

open reduction

43
Q

application of a solid, stiff dressing formed with plaster of Paris or other material to a body part to immobilize it during the healing process

A

casting

44
Q

app of an orthopedic device to an injured body part for immobilization, stabilization, and protection during the healing process

A

splinting

45
Q

use of weights and pulleys to align or immobilize a fracture and facilitate the healing process

A

traction

46
Q

partial or complete removal of an extremity du to trauma or circulatory disease

A

amputation

47
Q

puncture of a joint space using a needle remove accumulated fluid

A

arthrocentesis

48
Q

surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement

A

arthroclasia

49
Q

visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin, flexible fiberoptic scope called an arthroscope that contains a magnifying lens, fiberoptic light, and a miniature camera that projects images on a monitor

A

arthroscopy

50
Q

implanting or transplanting bone tissue from another part of the body or from another person to serve as a replacement for damaged or missing bone tissue

A

bone grafting

51
Q

excision of bursa

A

bursectomy

52
Q

excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra

A

laminectomy

53
Q

surgery repeated to correct problems of a previously unsuccessful surgery or to replace worn out prosthesis

A

revision surgery

53
Q

surgery repeated to correct problems of a previously unsuccessful surgery or to replace worn out prosthesis

A

revision surgery

54
Q

excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone)

A

sequestrectomy

55
Q

excision of a synovial membrane

A

synovectomy

55
Q

excision of a synovial membrane

A

synovectomy

56
Q

surgical procedure to replace a hip joint damaged by a degenerative disease, commonly arthritis

A

total hip replacement

56
Q

surgical procedure to replace a hip joint damaged by a degenerative disease, commonly arthritis

A

total hip replacement

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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