Final Flashcards
visual examination of a cavity or canal using a flexible fiberoptic instrument called an endoscope
endoscopy
endoscopy of the esophagus (esophagoscopy), stomach (gastroscopy), and duodenum (duodenoscopy)
upper GI
endoscopy of the colon (colonoscopy), sigmoid colon (sigmoidoscopy), and rectum and anal canal (proctoscopy)
lower GI
panel of blood tests that identify the specific virus- hep A (HAV), hep B (HBV), or hep C (HCV)- causing hepatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each of these antigens
hepatitis panel
group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions often associated with the biliary tract
liver function tests (LFT)
measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood
serum bilirubin
test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces
stool culture
applying a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect presence of occult blood in the feces; also called hemoccult
stool guaiac
radiographic exam of the rectum and colon following enema administration of barium sulfate (contrast medium) into the rectum; also called lower GI series
barium enema
radiographic exam of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following oral administration of barium sulfate. aka esophagram and upper GI series
barium swallow
rad images taken of the gallbladder after admin of a contrast material containing iodine, usually in the form of a tablet
cholecystography
imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles
computed tomography (CT)
endoscopic procedure that provides radiographic visualization of the bile and pancreatic ducts to identify partial or total obstructions as well as stones, cysts, and tumors
endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)
radiographic examination of bile duct structures
percutaneous transhepatic choliangography (PTCP)
radiologic examination of the salivary glands and ducts
sialography
test that uses high frequency sound waves to analyze the reflected echos from anatomical structures and convert them into an image on a video monitor
ultrasonography
US visualization of the abdominal aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and bladder
abdominal ultrasonography
representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis
biopsy (bx)
use of a large-bore needle to remove a core of liver tissue for histological examination
liver biopsy
procedure that involves insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distention by removing gas, food, or gastric secretions
nasogastric intubation
surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
anastomosis
surgical connection of the ileum and rectum after total colectomy
iliorectal anastomosis
surgical connection of two portions of the intestines; aka enteroenterostomy
intestinal anastomosis
group of procedures that treat morbid obesity and its resultant health problems
bariatric surgery
upper esophagus near the stomach is stapled vertically to reduce it to a small pouch. A band is then inserted that restricts food consumption and delays its passage from the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness
vertical banded gastroplasty
stomach is first stapled to decrease it to a small pouch. Next, the jejunum is shortened and connected to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the nonfunctioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGB)
creation of an opening of a portion of the colon through the abdominal wall to its outside surface in order to divert fecal flow to a colostomy bag
colostomy
procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments either surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves
lithotripsy
use of shockwaves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts
extracorporeal shockwave
excision of a polyp
polypectomy
incision of the longitudinal and circular muscles of the pylorus; used to treat hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
pyloromyotomy
series of radiographs taken after injection of a contrast medium into a joint cavity to outline the contour of a joint
arthrography
rad procedures that use low-energy x-ray absorption to measure bone mineral density (BMD)
bone density tests
imaging technique that uses an x-ray beam and and a computer to make a series of cross sectional images of a body part, which make up a 3D view of the area scanned
computed tomography (CT)
rad examination of intervertebral disc structures by injecting a contrast medium
discography
rad of the five lumbar vertebrae and the fused sacral vertebrae
lumbosacral spinal radiography
rad of the spinal cord after injection of a contrast medium to identify and study spinal distortions caused by tumors, cysts, herniated intervertebral discs, or other lesions
myelography
nuclear medicine procedure that visualizes various tissues and organs after administration of a radionuclide
scintigraphy
radionuclide is injected intravenously and taken up into bone
bone scintigraphy
procedure that restores bone to its normal position
reduction
fractured bones are realigned by manipulation rather than surgery
closed reduction
fractured bones are placed in their proper position using surgery
open reduction
application of a solid, stiff dressing formed with plaster of Paris or other material to a body part to immobilize it during the healing process
casting
app of an orthopedic device to an injured body part for immobilization, stabilization, and protection during the healing process
splinting
use of weights and pulleys to align or immobilize a fracture and facilitate the healing process
traction
partial or complete removal of an extremity du to trauma or circulatory disease
amputation
puncture of a joint space using a needle remove accumulated fluid
arthrocentesis
surgical breaking of an ankylosed joint to provide movement
arthroclasia
visual examination of the interior of a joint and its structures using a thin, flexible fiberoptic scope called an arthroscope that contains a magnifying lens, fiberoptic light, and a miniature camera that projects images on a monitor
arthroscopy
implanting or transplanting bone tissue from another part of the body or from another person to serve as a replacement for damaged or missing bone tissue
bone grafting
excision of bursa
bursectomy
excision of the posterior arch of a vertebra
laminectomy
surgery repeated to correct problems of a previously unsuccessful surgery or to replace worn out prosthesis
revision surgery
surgery repeated to correct problems of a previously unsuccessful surgery or to replace worn out prosthesis
revision surgery
excision of a sequestrum (segment of necrosed bone)
sequestrectomy
excision of a synovial membrane
synovectomy
excision of a synovial membrane
synovectomy
surgical procedure to replace a hip joint damaged by a degenerative disease, commonly arthritis
total hip replacement
surgical procedure to replace a hip joint damaged by a degenerative disease, commonly arthritis
total hip replacement
