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Medical Terminology > Chapter 13 Endocrine > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Endocrine Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

adenoma

A

a benign tumor of a glandular structure or of glandular origin

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2
Q

claudication

A

cramping pain and weakness in the legs and especially the calves on walking that disappears after rest and is usually associated with inadequate blood supply to the muscles

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3
Q

endocrinologist

A

raining to diagnose and treat hormone imbalances and problems by helping to restore the normal balance of hormones in the body

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4
Q

hypercalciruia

A

the presence of an excess amount of calcium in the urine

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5
Q

hyperparathyroidism

A

he presence of excess parathyroid hormone in the body resulting in disturbance of calcium metabolism with increase in serum calcium and decrease in inorganic phosphorus, loss of calcium from bone, and renal damage with frequent kidney-stone formation

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6
Q

impression

A

assessment

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7
Q

osteoarthritis

A

arthritis typically with onset during middle or old age that is characterized by degenerative and sometimes hypertrophic changes in the bone and cartilage of one or more joints and a progressive wearing down of apposing joint surfaces

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8
Q

parathyroid

A

any of usually four small endocrine glands that are adjacent to or embedded in the thyroid gland; produce parathyroid hormone

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9
Q

peripheral vascular disease

A

vascular disease (as Raynaud’s disease and Buerger’s disease) affecting blood vessels outside of the heart and especially those vessels supplying the extremities

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10
Q

Accu-chek

A

is the brand of blood sugar-testing devices (glucose meters) and Insulin Pumps (originally by Distronic) manufactured by Roche Diagnostics, largely for the diabetic market

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11
Q

morbid obesity

A

begins at a BMI of 40

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12
Q

obesity, exogenous

A

obesity caused by a caloric intake greater than needed to meet the metabolic needs of the body

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13
Q

polydipsia

A

excessive or abnormal thirst

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14
Q

polyphagia

A

excessive appetite or eating

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15
Q

polyuria

A

excessive secretion of urine

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16
Q

virile

A

having characteristics of a man; masculine

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17
Q

myxedema

A

hypothyroidism acquired in adulthood

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18
Q

diuresis

A

increased excretion of urine

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19
Q

hirsutism

A

excessive growth of hair in unusual places, especially in women

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20
Q

cretinism

A

hypothyroidism that appears as a congenital condition and is commonly associated with other endocrine abnormalities

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21
Q

insulin

A

hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreas

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22
Q

Addison disease

A

caused by deficiency in the secretion of adrenocortical hormones

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23
Q

exophthalmic goiter

A

characterized by protrusion of the eyeballs, increased heart action, enlargement of the thyroid gland, weight loss, and nervousness

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24
Q

hyperkalemia

A

excessive amount of potassium in the blood

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25
Q

pheochromocytoma

A

smal chromaffin cell tumor, usually located in the adrenal medulla

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26
Q

type I diabetes

A

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; occurs most commonly in children and adolescents (juvenile onset)

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27
Q

type II diabetes

A

non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; occurs later in life (maturity onset)

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28
Q

FBS

A

measures circulating glucose level after a 12 hour fast

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29
Q

RAIU

A

measures thyroid function and monitors how quickly ingested iodine is taken into the thyroid gland

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30
Q

corticosteroids

A

replacement hormones for adrenal insufficiency (addison disease)

Corticosteroids are man-made drugs that closely resemble cortisol, a hormone that your adrenal glands produce naturally. Steroids work by decreasing inflammation and reducing the activity of the immune system.

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31
Q

growth hormone

A

increases skeletal growth in children.

It stimulates growth, cell reproduction and regeneration

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32
Q

thyroid scan

A

radioactive compound is administered and localizes in the thyroid gland; used to detect thyroid abnormalities

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33
Q

T4

A

thyroxine

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34
Q

oral antidiabetics

A

used to treat type II diabetes

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35
Q

GTT

A

diagnostic test used to determine hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and adjustment in insulin dosage

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36
Q

antithyroids

A

used to treat hyperthyroidism by impeding the formation of T3 and T4 hormone

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37
Q

protein-bound iodine

A

test to measure the concentration of thyroxine in a blood sample

38
Q

T3

A

triiodothyronine

39
Q

MRI

A

noninvasive imaging technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field to produce multi planar cross sectional images

40
Q

exophthalmometry

A

test that measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball as seen in Graves disease

41
Q

CT scan

A

imaging that rotates an x ray emitter around the area and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles; used to detect disease in soft body tissues

42
Q

Humulin

A

trade name for all human genetically produced insulins

43
Q

glycosuria

A

abnormal presence of glucose in the urine

44
Q

Cushing syndrome

A

metabolic disorder caused by hyper secretion of the adrenal cortex resulting in excessive production of glucocorticoids, mainly cortisol

45
Q

hyponatremia

A

decreased concentration of sodium in the blood

46
Q

a benign tumor of a glandular structure or of glandular origin

A

adenoma

47
Q

cramping pain and weakness in the legs and especially the calves on walking that disappears after rest and is usually associated with inadequate blood supply to the muscles

A

claudication

48
Q

raining to diagnose and treat hormone imbalances and problems by helping to restore the normal balance of hormones in the body

A

endocrinologist

49
Q

the presence of an excess amount of calcium in the urine

A

hypercalciruia

50
Q

he presence of excess parathyroid hormone in the body resulting in disturbance of calcium metabolism with increase in serum calcium and decrease in inorganic phosphorus, loss of calcium from bone, and renal damage with frequent kidney-stone formation

A

hyperparathyroidism

51
Q

assessment

A

impression

52
Q

arthritis typically with onset during middle or old age that is characterized by degenerative and sometimes hypertrophic changes in the bone and cartilage of one or more joints and a progressive wearing down of apposing joint surfaces

A

osteoarthritis

53
Q

any of usually four small endocrine glands that are adjacent to or embedded in the thyroid gland; produce parathyroid hormone

A

parathyroid

54
Q

vascular disease (as Raynaud’s disease and Buerger’s disease) affecting blood vessels outside of the heart and especially those vessels supplying the extremities

A

peripheral vascular disease

55
Q

is the brand of blood sugar-testing devices (glucose meters) and Insulin Pumps (originally by Distronic) manufactured by Roche Diagnostics, largely for the diabetic market

A

Accu-chek

56
Q

begins at a BMI of 40

A

morbid obesity

57
Q

obesity caused by a caloric intake greater than needed to meet the metabolic needs of the body

A

obesity, exogenous

58
Q

excessive or abnormal thirst

A

polydipsia

59
Q

excessive appetite or eating

A

polyphagia

60
Q

excessive secretion of urine

A

polyuria

61
Q

having characteristics of a man; masculine

A

virile

62
Q

hypothyroidism acquired in adulthood

A

myxedema

63
Q

increased excretion of urine

A

diuresis

64
Q

excessive growth of hair in unusual places, especially in women

A

hirsutism

65
Q

hypothyroidism that appears as a congenital condition and is commonly associated with other endocrine abnormalities

A

cretinism

66
Q

hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreas

A

insulin

67
Q

caused by deficiency in the secretion of adrenocortical hormones

A

Addison disease

68
Q

characterized by protrusion of the eyeballs, increased heart action, enlargement of the thyroid gland, weight loss, and nervousness

A

exophthalmic goiter

69
Q

excessive amount of potassium in the blood

A

hyperkalemia

70
Q

smal chromaffin cell tumor, usually located in the adrenal medulla

A

pheochromocytoma

71
Q

insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; occurs most commonly in children and adolescents (juvenile onset)

A

type I diabetes

72
Q

non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; occurs later in life (maturity onset)

A

type II diabetes

73
Q

measures circulating glucose level after a 12 hour fast

A

FBS

74
Q

measures thyroid function and monitors how quickly ingested iodine is taken into the thyroid gland

A

RAIU

75
Q

replacement hormones for adrenal insufficiency (addison disease)

A

corticosteroids

76
Q

increases skeletal growth in children

A

growth hormone

77
Q

radioactive compound is administered and localizes in the thyroid gland; used to detect thyroid abnormalities

A

thyroid scan

78
Q

thyroxine

A

T4

79
Q

used to treat type II diabetes

A

oral antidiabetics

80
Q

diagnostic test used to determine hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and adjustment in insulin dosage

A

GTT

81
Q

used to treat hyperthyroidism by impeding the formation of T3 and T4 hormone

A

antithyroids

82
Q

test to measure the concentration of thyroxine in a blood sample

A

protein-bound iodine

83
Q

triiodothyronine

A

T3

84
Q

noninvasive imaging technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field to produce multi planar cross sectional images

A

MRI

85
Q

test that measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball as seen in Graves disease

A

exophthalmometry

86
Q

imaging that rotates an x ray emitter around the area and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles; used to detect disease in soft body tissues

A

CT scan

87
Q

trade name for all human genetically produced insulins

A

Humulin

88
Q

abnormal presence of glucose in the urine

A

glycosuria

89
Q

metabolic disorder caused by hyper secretion of the adrenal cortex resulting in excessive production of glucocorticoids, mainly cortisol

A

Cushing syndrome

90
Q

decreased concentration of sodium in the blood

A

hyponatremia

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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