Chapter 13 Endocrine Flashcards
adenoma
a benign tumor of a glandular structure or of glandular origin
claudication
cramping pain and weakness in the legs and especially the calves on walking that disappears after rest and is usually associated with inadequate blood supply to the muscles
endocrinologist
raining to diagnose and treat hormone imbalances and problems by helping to restore the normal balance of hormones in the body
hypercalciruia
the presence of an excess amount of calcium in the urine
hyperparathyroidism
he presence of excess parathyroid hormone in the body resulting in disturbance of calcium metabolism with increase in serum calcium and decrease in inorganic phosphorus, loss of calcium from bone, and renal damage with frequent kidney-stone formation
impression
assessment
osteoarthritis
arthritis typically with onset during middle or old age that is characterized by degenerative and sometimes hypertrophic changes in the bone and cartilage of one or more joints and a progressive wearing down of apposing joint surfaces
parathyroid
any of usually four small endocrine glands that are adjacent to or embedded in the thyroid gland; produce parathyroid hormone
peripheral vascular disease
vascular disease (as Raynaud’s disease and Buerger’s disease) affecting blood vessels outside of the heart and especially those vessels supplying the extremities
Accu-chek
is the brand of blood sugar-testing devices (glucose meters) and Insulin Pumps (originally by Distronic) manufactured by Roche Diagnostics, largely for the diabetic market
morbid obesity
begins at a BMI of 40
obesity, exogenous
obesity caused by a caloric intake greater than needed to meet the metabolic needs of the body
polydipsia
excessive or abnormal thirst
polyphagia
excessive appetite or eating
polyuria
excessive secretion of urine
virile
having characteristics of a man; masculine
myxedema
hypothyroidism acquired in adulthood
diuresis
increased excretion of urine
hirsutism
excessive growth of hair in unusual places, especially in women
cretinism
hypothyroidism that appears as a congenital condition and is commonly associated with other endocrine abnormalities
insulin
hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreas
Addison disease
caused by deficiency in the secretion of adrenocortical hormones
exophthalmic goiter
characterized by protrusion of the eyeballs, increased heart action, enlargement of the thyroid gland, weight loss, and nervousness
hyperkalemia
excessive amount of potassium in the blood
pheochromocytoma
smal chromaffin cell tumor, usually located in the adrenal medulla
type I diabetes
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; occurs most commonly in children and adolescents (juvenile onset)
type II diabetes
non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; occurs later in life (maturity onset)
FBS
measures circulating glucose level after a 12 hour fast
RAIU
measures thyroid function and monitors how quickly ingested iodine is taken into the thyroid gland
corticosteroids
replacement hormones for adrenal insufficiency (addison disease)
Corticosteroids are man-made drugs that closely resemble cortisol, a hormone that your adrenal glands produce naturally. Steroids work by decreasing inflammation and reducing the activity of the immune system.
growth hormone
increases skeletal growth in children.
It stimulates growth, cell reproduction and regeneration
thyroid scan
radioactive compound is administered and localizes in the thyroid gland; used to detect thyroid abnormalities
T4
thyroxine
oral antidiabetics
used to treat type II diabetes
GTT
diagnostic test used to determine hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and adjustment in insulin dosage
antithyroids
used to treat hyperthyroidism by impeding the formation of T3 and T4 hormone
protein-bound iodine
test to measure the concentration of thyroxine in a blood sample
T3
triiodothyronine
MRI
noninvasive imaging technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field to produce multi planar cross sectional images
exophthalmometry
test that measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball as seen in Graves disease
CT scan
imaging that rotates an x ray emitter around the area and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles; used to detect disease in soft body tissues
Humulin
trade name for all human genetically produced insulins
glycosuria
abnormal presence of glucose in the urine
Cushing syndrome
metabolic disorder caused by hyper secretion of the adrenal cortex resulting in excessive production of glucocorticoids, mainly cortisol
hyponatremia
decreased concentration of sodium in the blood
a benign tumor of a glandular structure or of glandular origin
adenoma
cramping pain and weakness in the legs and especially the calves on walking that disappears after rest and is usually associated with inadequate blood supply to the muscles
claudication
raining to diagnose and treat hormone imbalances and problems by helping to restore the normal balance of hormones in the body
endocrinologist
the presence of an excess amount of calcium in the urine
hypercalciruia
he presence of excess parathyroid hormone in the body resulting in disturbance of calcium metabolism with increase in serum calcium and decrease in inorganic phosphorus, loss of calcium from bone, and renal damage with frequent kidney-stone formation
hyperparathyroidism
assessment
impression
arthritis typically with onset during middle or old age that is characterized by degenerative and sometimes hypertrophic changes in the bone and cartilage of one or more joints and a progressive wearing down of apposing joint surfaces
osteoarthritis
any of usually four small endocrine glands that are adjacent to or embedded in the thyroid gland; produce parathyroid hormone
parathyroid
vascular disease (as Raynaud’s disease and Buerger’s disease) affecting blood vessels outside of the heart and especially those vessels supplying the extremities
peripheral vascular disease
is the brand of blood sugar-testing devices (glucose meters) and Insulin Pumps (originally by Distronic) manufactured by Roche Diagnostics, largely for the diabetic market
Accu-chek
begins at a BMI of 40
morbid obesity
obesity caused by a caloric intake greater than needed to meet the metabolic needs of the body
obesity, exogenous
excessive or abnormal thirst
polydipsia
excessive appetite or eating
polyphagia
excessive secretion of urine
polyuria
having characteristics of a man; masculine
virile
hypothyroidism acquired in adulthood
myxedema
increased excretion of urine
diuresis
excessive growth of hair in unusual places, especially in women
hirsutism
hypothyroidism that appears as a congenital condition and is commonly associated with other endocrine abnormalities
cretinism
hormone produced by beta cells of the pancreas
insulin
caused by deficiency in the secretion of adrenocortical hormones
Addison disease
characterized by protrusion of the eyeballs, increased heart action, enlargement of the thyroid gland, weight loss, and nervousness
exophthalmic goiter
excessive amount of potassium in the blood
hyperkalemia
smal chromaffin cell tumor, usually located in the adrenal medulla
pheochromocytoma
insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus; occurs most commonly in children and adolescents (juvenile onset)
type I diabetes
non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus; occurs later in life (maturity onset)
type II diabetes
measures circulating glucose level after a 12 hour fast
FBS
measures thyroid function and monitors how quickly ingested iodine is taken into the thyroid gland
RAIU
replacement hormones for adrenal insufficiency (addison disease)
corticosteroids
increases skeletal growth in children
growth hormone
radioactive compound is administered and localizes in the thyroid gland; used to detect thyroid abnormalities
thyroid scan
thyroxine
T4
used to treat type II diabetes
oral antidiabetics
diagnostic test used to determine hypoglycemia, hyperglycemia, and adjustment in insulin dosage
GTT
used to treat hyperthyroidism by impeding the formation of T3 and T4 hormone
antithyroids
test to measure the concentration of thyroxine in a blood sample
protein-bound iodine
triiodothyronine
T3
noninvasive imaging technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field to produce multi planar cross sectional images
MRI
test that measures the degree of forward displacement of the eyeball as seen in Graves disease
exophthalmometry
imaging that rotates an x ray emitter around the area and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles; used to detect disease in soft body tissues
CT scan
trade name for all human genetically produced insulins
Humulin
abnormal presence of glucose in the urine
glycosuria
metabolic disorder caused by hyper secretion of the adrenal cortex resulting in excessive production of glucocorticoids, mainly cortisol
Cushing syndrome
decreased concentration of sodium in the blood
hyponatremia