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Chapter 15 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

Opacity that forms on the lens and impairs vision

A

Cataract

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2
Q

Complete color blindness

A

Achromatopsia

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3
Q

Inability to see well in dim light

A

Nyctalopia

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4
Q

Instrument for examining the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye

A

Gonioscope

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5
Q

Complete deafness

A

Anacusis

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6
Q

Infection of the external auditory canal

A

Otitis externa

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7
Q

Measurement of refractive errors

A

Diopter

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8
Q

Instrument that measures the internal pressure of the eye

A

Tonometer

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9
Q

Area in which objects are seen when the eye is in a fixed position

A

Visual field

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10
Q

Abnormal overflow of tears

A

Epiphora

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11
Q

A condition in which one eye is misaligned with the other eye; also called heterotropia

A

Strabismus

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12
Q

Disorder of the labyrinth that leads to progressive hearing loss

A

Meniere Disease

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13
Q

Refers to the wet form of macular degeneration

A

Neovascular

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14
Q

Feeling of dizziness or spinning

A

Vertigo

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15
Q

Outward deviation of the eye

A

Extropia

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16
Q

Removal of the eye

A

Enucleation

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17
Q

Tumor of the eyelid

A

Chalazion

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18
Q

“Lazy eye” syndrome

A

Amblyopia

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19
Q

Neoplastic disease of the eye found primarily in children

A

Retinoblastoma

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20
Q

Perception of ringing in the ears with no external stimuli

A

Tinnitus

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21
Q

Test that uses different temperatures to assess the vestibular portion of the nerve

A

Caloric stimulation test

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22
Q

Visual examination of the interior of the eye

A

Opthalmoscopy

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23
Q

Artificial device that produces hearing sensations by electrically stimulating nerves inside the inner ear

A

Cochlear implant

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24
Q

Assess blood vessels and retinal circulation using a colored dye while photographs are taken

A

Fluorescein angiography

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25
Q

Corrective surgery for large, small, or deformed ears

A

Otoplasty

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26
Q

Agents that dilate the pupils and paralyze the eye muscles of accommodation

A

Mydriatics

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27
Q

Measurement of the intraocular pressure for detecting glaucoma

A

Tonometry

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28
Q

Determines the smallest letters that can be read on a standardized chart

A

Visual acuity test

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29
Q

Removal of the contents of the eyeball, leaving the sclera and cornea

A

Evisceration

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30
Q

Treat and prevent nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and vertigo

A

Antiemetics

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31
Q

Loosen and help remove impacted cerumen

A

Wax emulsifiers

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32
Q

Removal of the entire eyeball from its orbit

A

Enucleation

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33
Q

Esotropia

A

ST

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34
Q

Constrict small arterioles of the eye to decrease redness and conjunctival congestion

A

Opthalmic decongestants

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35
Q

Extropia

A

XT

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36
Q

Visual examination of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye

A

Goniscopy

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37
Q

Visual examination of the external auditory canal

A

Otoscopy

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38
Q

Measurement of hearing acuity at various frequencies

A

Audiometry

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39
Q

Surgical treatment for nearsightedness that uses small incisions to flatten the cornea

A

Radial keratotomy

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40
Q

Provide temporary relief from earache

A

Optic analgesics

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41
Q

Severe congenital deficiency in color perception

A

Achromatopsia

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42
Q

Inflammation of the conjunctiva with vascular congestion, producing a red or pink eye (viral, bacterial, fungal, or allergy)

A

Conjunctivitis

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43
Q

Medial movement of the two eyeballs so that they are both directed at the object being viewed

A

Convergence

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44
Q

Measurement of refractive error

A

Diopter

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45
Q

Eversion, or outward turning, of the edge of the lower eyelid

A

Ectropion

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46
Q

State of normal vision

A

Emmetropia

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47
Q

Inversion or inward turning of the edge of the lower eyelid

A

Entropion

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48
Q

Protrusion of one or both eyeballs

A

Exophthalmos

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49
Q

Localized, circumscribed, inflammatory swelling of one of the several sebaceous glands of the eyelid, generally caused by a bacterial infection; also called a stye

A

Hordeolum

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50
Q

Visual distortion of objects

A

Metamorphopsia

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51
Q

Impaired vision in dim light; aka night blindness

A

Nyctalopia

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52
Q

Involuntary eye movements that appear jerky and may reduce vision or be associated with other, more serious conditions that limit vision

A

Nystagmus

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53
Q

Edema and hyperemia of the optic disc usually associated with increased intracranial pressure

A

Papilledema

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54
Q

Unusual tolerance and sensitivity to light

A

Photophobia

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55
Q

Loss of accommodation of the crystalline lens associated with the aging process

A

Presbyopia

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56
Q

Any disorder of retinal blood vessels

A

Retinopathy

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57
Q

Chronic, contagious form of conjunctivitis common in southwestern US that typically leads to blindness

A

Trachoma

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58
Q

Complete deafness

A

Anacusis

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59
Q

Blocking of sound waves as they pass through the external and middle ear (conduction pathway)

A

Conduction impairment

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60
Q

Inflammation of the inner ear that usually results from an acute febrile process

A

Labyrinthitis

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61
Q

Condition caused by the destruction of hair cells, the organs responsible for hearing, caused by sounds that are “too long, too loud, or too close”

A

Noise-induced hearing loss

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62
Q

Impairment of hearing resulting from old age

A

Presbyacusis

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63
Q

Tubes that are inserted through the tympanic membrane, commonly to treat chronic otitis media

A

Pressure equalizing tubes

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64
Q

Method of assessing and recording eye movements by measuring electrical activity of the extraocular muscles

A

Electronystagmography

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65
Q

Measurement of the blood pressure of the retinal vessels

A

Opthalmodynamometry

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66
Q

Evaluation of intraocular pressure by measuring the resistance of the eyeball to indentation by an applied force

A

Tonometry

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67
Q

Evaluation of refractive errors of the eye by projecting a light into the eyes and determining the movement of reflected light rays

A

Retinoscopy

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68
Q

Radiographic imaging procedures of the nasolacrimal glands and ducts

A

Dacryocystography

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69
Q

Exercises intended to improve eye movements or visual tracking that use training glasses, prism glasses, or tinted or colored lenses

A

Orthoptic training

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70
Q

Cosmetic surgery that removes fatty tissue above and below the eyes that commonly form as a result of the aging process or excessive exposure to the sun

A

Blepharoplasty

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71
Q

Formation of an opening between the anterior chamber and the suprachoroidal space for the draining of aqueous humor in glaucoma

A

Cyclodialysis

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72
Q

Surgical opening of a cavity within the mastoid process

A

Mastoid antrotomy

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73
Q

Method of treating cataracts by using ultrasonic waves to disintegrate a cloudy lens, which is then aspirated and removed

A

Phacoemulsification

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74
Q

Incision of the cornea for treatment of nearsightedness or astigmatism

A

Radial keratotomy

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75
Q

Surgical formation of an opening of the sclera

A

Sclerostomy

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76
Q

Method used to evaluate sound conduction using a vibrating tuning fork

A

Tuning fork test

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77
Q

Tuning fork test that evaluates bone conduction (BC) versus air conduction (AC) of sound

A

Rinne test

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78
Q

Tuning fork test that evaluates bone conduction of sound in both ears at the same time

A

Weber test

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79
Q

Reconstruction of the eardrum, commonly due to perforation; also called myringoplasty

A

Tympanoplasty

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80
Q

Inhibit growth of microorganisms that infect the eye

A

Eye antibiotics Opthalmic Erythromycin base

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81
Q

Decrease aqueous humor production by constricting the pupil to open the angle between the iris and cornea

A

Antiglaucoma agents Timolol Acetazolamide

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82
Q

Drugs that disrupt parasympathetic nerve supply to the eye, decreasing redness and relieving conjunctival congestion

A

Mydriatics Atropine sulfate

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83
Q

Constrict the small arterioles of the eye, decreasing redness and relieving conjunctival congestion

A

Opthalmic decongestion Tetrahydrozoline

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84
Q

Soothe dry eyes due to environmental irritants and allergens

A

Opthalmic moisturizers Buffered isotonic solutions

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85
Q

Treat and prevent nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and vertigo by reducing the sensitivity of the inner ear to motion or inhibiting stimuli

A

Ear antiemetics Meclizine

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86
Q

Error of refraction when light rays fail to focus sharply on the retina

A

Ametropia

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87
Q

Farsightedness

A

Hyperopia Hypermetropia

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88
Q

Form of farsightedness related to aging

A

Presbyopia

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89
Q

Form of ametropia in which cornea or lens has a defective curvature

A

Astigmatism

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90
Q

Procedure that changes the shape of the cornea as an alternative to corrective lenses

A

Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis LASIK

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91
Q

Opacities that form on the lens and impair vision

A

Cataracts

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92
Q

Treatment for clouded lens by emulsifying it using ultrasound or a laser probe; typically referred to as small incision cataract surgery SICS (cataract is broken down into small pieces that can be removed through the tiny incision)

A

Phacoemulsification

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93
Q

Increased intraocular pressure caused by the failure of aqueous humor to drain from the eye through a tiny duct called canal of schlemm

A

Glaucoma

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94
Q

Chronic form of glaucoma

A

Open angle Simple Wide angle

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95
Q

Acute form of glaucoma

A

Angle closure Narrow angle glaucoma

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96
Q

Glaucoma is diagnosed by this; screening test that measures intraocular pressure by determining the resistance of the eyeball to indentation by an applied force

A

Tonometry

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97
Q

Measures intraocular pressure

A

Tonometer

98
Q

Visualizes the anterior chamber angle

A

Gonioscope

99
Q

Test of tonometry that uses numbing drops

A

Applanation tonometry

100
Q

Medication that make pupils constrict

A

Miotics

101
Q

Also called heterotropia or tropia; condition in which one eye is misaligned with the other and the eyes don’t focus simultaneously

A

Strabismus

102
Q

Misalignment of the eyes inward

A

Esotropia

103
Q

Misalignment of eyes outward

A

Extropia

104
Q

Binocular perception of depth or three dimensional space

A

Stereopsis

105
Q

Lazy eye syndrome

A

Amblyopia

106
Q

Deterioration of the macula

A

Macular degeneration

107
Q

More severe form of macular degeneration. Small blood vessels form under the macula…blood and fluid leak from these vessels and destroy visual cells

A

Wet or neovascular age related macular degeneration

108
Q

Laser surgery to destroy neovasculation in age related macular degeneration

A

Laser photocoagulation

109
Q

Form of ARMD in which small yellowish deposits called drusen develop on the macula and interfere with central vision

A

Dry ARMD

110
Q

Pain

A

Synalgia

111
Q

Inflammation of middle ear

A

Otitis media

112
Q

Pus draining from the ear

A

Otopyorrhea

113
Q

Infection of mastoid process

A

Mastoiditis

114
Q

Inflammation of brain tissue near middle ear

A

Otoencephalitis

115
Q

Meds to relieve pain

A

Analgesic

116
Q

Incision of the eardrum

A

Myringotomy, tympanotomy

117
Q

Help drain fluid from middle ear

A

Pressure equalizing tubes

118
Q

Abnormal hardening of bones in middle ear that cause hearing loss

A

Otosclerosis

119
Q

Removing part of the stapes

A

Stapedectomy

120
Q

Name two neoplastic diseases

A

Retinoblastoma Melanoma

121
Q

Removal of affected eyes as a treatment for retinoblastoma

A

Enucleation

122
Q

Cataract

A

Opacity that forms on the lens and impairs vision

123
Q

Achromatopsia

A

Complete color blindness

124
Q

Nyctalopia

A

Inability to see well in dim light

125
Q

Gonioscope

A

Instrument for examining the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye

126
Q

Anacusis

A

Complete deafness

127
Q

Otitis externa

A

Infection of the external auditory canal

128
Q

Diopter

A

Measurement of refractive errors

129
Q

Tonometer

A

Instrument that measures the internal pressure of the eye

130
Q

Visual field

A

Area in which objects are seen when the eye is in a fixed position

131
Q

Epiphora

A

Abnormal overflow of tears

132
Q

Strabismus

A

A condition in which one eye is misaligned with the other eye; also called heterotropia

133
Q

Meniere Disease

A

Disorder of the labyrinth that leads to progressive hearing loss

134
Q

Neovascular

A

Refers to the wet form of macular degeneration

135
Q

Vertigo

A

Feeling of dizziness or spinning

136
Q

Extropia

A

Outward deviation of the eye

137
Q

Enucleation

A

Removal of the eye

138
Q

Chalazion

A

Tumor of the eyelid

139
Q

Amblyopia

A

“Lazy eye” syndrome

140
Q

Retinoblastoma

A

Neoplastic disease of the eye found primarily in children

141
Q

Tinnitus

A

Perception of ringing in the ears with no external stimuli

142
Q

Caloric stimulation test

A

Test that uses different temperatures to assess the vestibular portion of the nerve

143
Q

Opthalmoscopy

A

Visual examination of the interior of the eye

144
Q

Cochlear implant

A

Artificial device that produces hearing sensations by electrically stimulating nerves inside the inner ear

145
Q

Fluorescein angiography

A

Assess blood vessels and retinal circulation using a colored dye while photographs are taken

146
Q

Otoplasty

A

Corrective surgery for large, small, or deformed ears

147
Q

Mydriatics

A

Agents that dilate the pupils and paralyze the eye muscles of accommodation

148
Q

Tonometry

A

Measurement of the intraocular pressure for detecting glaucoma

149
Q

Visual acuity test

A

Determines the smallest letters that can be read on a standardized chart

150
Q

Evisceration

A

Removal of the contents of the eyeball, leaving the sclera and cornea

151
Q

Antiemetics

A

Treat and prevent nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and vertigo

152
Q

Wax emulsifiers

A

Loosen and help remove impacted cerumen

153
Q

Enucleation

A

Removal of the entire eyeball from its orbit

154
Q

ST

A

Esotropia

155
Q

Opthalmic decongestants

A

Constrict small arterioles of the eye to decrease redness and conjunctival congestion

156
Q

XT

A

Extropia

157
Q

Goniscopy

A

Visual examination of the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye

158
Q

Otoscopy

A

Visual examination of the external auditory canal

159
Q

Audiometry

A

Measurement of hearing acuity at various frequencies

160
Q

Radial keratotomy

A

Surgical treatment for nearsightedness that uses small incisions to flatten the cornea

161
Q

Optic analgesics

A

Provide temporary relief from earache

162
Q

Achromatopsia

A

Severe congenital deficiency in color perception

163
Q

Conjunctivitis

A

Inflammation of the conjunctiva with vascular congestion, producing a red or pink eye (viral, bacterial, fungal, or allergy)

164
Q

Convergence

A

Medial movement of the two eyeballs so that they are both directed at the object being viewed

165
Q

Diopter

A

Measurement of refractive error

166
Q

Ectropion

A

Eversion, or outward turning, of the edge of the lower eyelid

167
Q

Emmetropia

A

State of normal vision

168
Q

Entropion

A

Inversion or inward turning of the edge of the lower eyelid

169
Q

Exophthalmos

A

Protrusion of one or both eyeballs

170
Q

Hordeolum

A

Localized, circumscribed, inflammatory swelling of one of the several sebaceous glands of the eyelid, generally caused by a bacterial infection; also called a stye

171
Q

Metamorphopsia

A

Visual distortion of objects

172
Q

Nyctalopia

A

Impaired vision in dim light; aka night blindness

173
Q

Nystagmus

A

Involuntary eye movements that appear jerky and may reduce vision or be associated with other, more serious conditions that limit vision

174
Q

Papilledema

A

Edema and hyperemia of the optic disc usually associated with increased intracranial pressure

175
Q

Photophobia

A

Unusual tolerance and sensitivity to light

176
Q

Presbyopia

A

Loss of accommodation of the crystalline lens associated with the aging process

177
Q

Retinopathy

A

Any disorder of retinal blood vessels

178
Q

Trachoma

A

Chronic, contagious form of conjunctivitis common in southwestern US that typically leads to blindness

179
Q

Anacusis

A

Complete deafness

180
Q

Conduction impairment

A

Blocking of sound waves as they pass through the external and middle ear (conduction pathway)

181
Q

Labyrinthitis

A

Inflammation of the inner ear that usually results from an acute febrile process

182
Q

Noise-induced hearing loss

A

Condition caused by the destruction of hair cells, the organs responsible for hearing, caused by sounds that are “too long, too loud, or too close”

183
Q

Presbyacusis

A

Impairment of hearing resulting from old age

184
Q

Pressure equalizing tubes

A

Tubes that are inserted through the tympanic membrane, commonly to treat chronic otitis media

185
Q

Electronystagmography

A

Method of assessing and recording eye movements by measuring electrical activity of the extraocular muscles

186
Q

Opthalmodynamometry

A

Measurement of the blood pressure of the retinal vessels

187
Q

Tonometry

A

Evaluation of intraocular pressure by measuring the resistance of the eyeball to indentation by an applied force

188
Q

Retinoscopy

A

Evaluation of refractive errors of the eye by projecting a light into the eyes and determining the movement of reflected light rays

189
Q

Dacryocystography

A

Radiographic imaging procedures of the nasolacrimal glands and ducts

190
Q

Orthoptic training

A

Exercises intended to improve eye movements or visual tracking that use training glasses, prism glasses, or tinted or colored lenses

191
Q

Blepharoplasty

A

Cosmetic surgery that removes fatty tissue above and below the eyes that commonly form as a result of the aging process or excessive exposure to the sun

192
Q

Cyclodialysis

A

Formation of an opening between the anterior chamber and the suprachoroidal space for the draining of aqueous humor in glaucoma

193
Q

Mastoid antrotomy

A

Surgical opening of a cavity within the mastoid process

194
Q

Phacoemulsification

A

Method of treating cataracts by using ultrasonic waves to disintegrate a cloudy lens, which is then aspirated and removed

195
Q

Radial keratotomy

A

Incision of the cornea for treatment of nearsightedness or astigmatism

196
Q

Sclerostomy

A

Surgical formation of an opening of the sclera

197
Q

Tuning fork test

A

Method used to evaluate sound conduction using a vibrating tuning fork

198
Q

Rinne test

A

Tuning fork test that evaluates bone conduction (BC) versus air conduction (AC) of sound

199
Q

Weber test

A

Tuning fork test that evaluates bone conduction of sound in both ears at the same time

200
Q

Tympanoplasty

A

Reconstruction of the eardrum, commonly due to perforation; also called myringoplasty

201
Q

Eye antibiotics Opthalmic Erythromycin base

A

Inhibit growth of microorganisms that infect the eye

202
Q

Antiglaucoma agents Timolol Acetazolamide

A

Decrease aqueous humor production by constricting the pupil to open the angle between the iris and cornea

203
Q

Mydriatics Atropine sulfate

A

Drugs that disrupt parasympathetic nerve supply to the eye, decreasing redness and relieving conjunctival congestion

204
Q

Opthalmic decongestion Tetrahydrozoline

A

Constrict the small arterioles of the eye, decreasing redness and relieving conjunctival congestion

205
Q

Opthalmic moisturizers Buffered isotonic solutions

A

Soothe dry eyes due to environmental irritants and allergens

206
Q

Ear antiemetics Meclizine

A

Treat and prevent nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and vertigo by reducing the sensitivity of the inner ear to motion or inhibiting stimuli

207
Q

Ametropia

A

Error of refraction when light rays fail to focus sharply on the retina

208
Q

Hyperopia Hypermetropia

A

Farsightedness

209
Q

Presbyopia

A

Form of farsightedness related to aging

210
Q

Astigmatism

A

Form of ametropia in which cornea or lens has a defective curvature

211
Q

Laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis LASIK

A

Procedure that changes the shape of the cornea as an alternative to corrective lenses

212
Q

Cataracts

A

Opacities that form on the lens and impair vision

213
Q

Phacoemulsification

A

Treatment for clouded lens by emulsifying it using ultrasound or a laser probe; typically referred to as small incision cataract surgery SICS (cataract is broken down into small pieces that can be removed through the tiny incision)

214
Q

Glaucoma

A

Increased intraocular pressure caused by the failure of aqueous humor to drain from the eye through a tiny duct called canal of schlemm

215
Q

Open angle Simple Wide angle

A

Chronic form of glaucoma

216
Q

Angle closure Narrow angle glaucoma

A

Acute form of glaucoma

217
Q

Tonometry

A

Glaucoma is diagnosed by this; screening test that measures intraocular pressure by determining the resistance of the eyeball to indentation by an applied force

218
Q

Tonometer

A

Measures intraocular pressure

219
Q

Gonioscope

A

Visualizes the anterior chamber angle

220
Q

Applanation tonometry

A

Test of tonometry that uses numbing drops

221
Q

Miotics

A

Medication that make pupils constrict

222
Q

Strabismus

A

Also called heterotropia or tropia; condition in which one eye is misaligned with the other and the eyes don’t focus simultaneously

223
Q

Esotropia

A

Misalignment of the eyes inward

224
Q

Extropia

A

Misalignment of eyes outward

225
Q

Stereopsis

A

Binocular perception of depth or three dimensional space

226
Q

Amblyopia

A

Lazy eye syndrome

227
Q

Macular degeneration

A

Deterioration of the macula

228
Q

Wet or neovascular age related macular degeneration

A

More severe form of macular degeneration. Small blood vessels form under the macula…blood and fluid leak from these vessels and destroy visual cells

229
Q

Laser photocoagulation

A

Laser surgery to destroy neovasculation in age related macular degeneration

230
Q

Dry ARMD

A

Form of ARMD in which small yellowish deposits called drusen develop on the macula and interfere with central vision

231
Q

Synalgia

A

Pain

232
Q

Otitis media

A

Inflammation of middle ear

233
Q

Otopyorrhea

A

Pus draining from the ear

234
Q

Mastoiditis

A

Infection of mastoid process

235
Q

Otoencephalitis

A

Inflammation of brain tissue near middle ear

236
Q

Analgesic

A

Meds to relieve pain

237
Q

Myringotomy, tympanotomy

A

Incision of the eardrum

238
Q

Pressure equalizing tubes

A

Help drain fluid from middle ear

239
Q

Otosclerosis

A

Abnormal hardening of bones in middle ear that cause hearing loss

240
Q

Stapedectomy

A

Removing part of the stapes

241
Q

Retinoblastoma Melanoma

A

Name two neoplastic diseases

242
Q

Enucleation

A

Removal of affected eyes as a treatment for retinoblastoma

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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