CA III FInal Flashcards by Lauren Ames

malignant neoplastic disorder of lymphoid tissue (not related to Hodgkin disease)

lymphosarcoma

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serious, life threatening bloodstream infection that may arise from other infections throughout the body; aka blood infection or blood poisoning

septicemia

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laboratory test to detect the presence of antibodies, antigens, or immune substances

serology

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blood test that measures the amount of antibodies in the blood; commonly used as an indicator of immune status

titer

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test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream

blood culture

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series of tests that includes hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC, WBC, and platelet counts, differential WBC count, RBC indices, and RBC/WBC morphology

complete blood count (CBC)

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test that enumerates the distribution of WBCs in a stained blood smear by counting the different kinds of WBCs and reporting each as a percentage of the total examined

differential count (diff)

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measurement of the distance RBCs settle to the bottom of a test tube under standardized condition

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

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measurement of the amount of hemoglobin found in a whole blood sample

hemoglobin (Hgb) value

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measurement of the percentage of RBCs in a whole blood sample

hematocrit (Hct)

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non-specific rapid serological test for infectious mononucleosis; aka heterophile antibody test

Monospot

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measures the length of time it takes blood to clot. Screens for deficiencies of some clotting factors and monitors the effectiveness of anticoagulant (heparin) therapy

partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

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measures the time it takes for the plasma portion of blood to clot. used to evaluate portions of the coagulation system

prothrombin time (PT)

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mathematical calculation of size, volume, and concentration of hemoglobin for a RBC

red blood cell indices

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used to assess the absorption of radioactive vitamin B12 by the digestive system

Schilling test

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radiographic examination of lymph nodes after injection of a contrast medium

lymphadenography

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radiographic examination of lymph vessels of tissues after injection of a contrast medium

lymphangiography

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drawing in or out by suction

aspiration

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uses a syringe w a thin aspirating needle inserted (usually into the pelvic bone) to withdraw a small sample of bone marrow fluid for microscopic examination

bone marrow aspiration

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representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis

biopsy

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removal of a small core sample of tissue from bone marrow for examination under a microscope

bone marrow biopsy

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removal of the sentinel node that receives drainage from cancer-containing areas and the one most likely to contain malignant cells

sentinel node biopsy

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removal of a lymph vessel

lymphangiectomy

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infusion of blood or blood components into the bloodstream

transfusion

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transfusion prepared from the recipients own blood

autologous transfusion

transfusion prepared from another individual whose blood is compatible with that of the recipient

homologous transfusion

grafting of living tissue from its normal position to another site or from one person to another

transplantation

harvesting, freezing, and reinfusing the patients own bone marrow to treat bone marrow hypoplasia following cancer therapy

autologous bone marrow transplantation

transplantation of bone marrow from one individual to another to treat aplastic anemia, leukemia, and immunodeficiency disorders

homologous bone marrow transplantation

repeated inability to initiate or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse

erectile dysfunction (ED)

accumulation of serous fluid in a saclike cavity, especially in the testis and associated structures

hydrocele

developmental anomaly in which the urethra opens on the underside of the penis, or in extreme cases on the perineum

hypospadias

stenosis or narrowing of the preputial orifice so that the foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans penis

phimosis

inability to produce offspring; in the male, inability to fertilize the ovum

sterility

swelling and distension of veins of the spermatic cord

varicocele

screening test that assesses the rectal wall surface for lesions or abnormally firm areas that might indicate cancer

digital rectal examination (DRE)

measures the contraction of muscles that control urination using electrodes placed in the rectum and urethra

electromyography (EMG)

self-examination of the testes for abnormal lumps or swellings in the scrotal sac

testicular self-examination (TSE)

endoscopy of the urinary bladder for evidence of pathology, obtaining biopsies of tumors or other growths, and removal of polyps

cystoscopy

endoscopy of the kidneys

nephroscopy

endoscopy of the urethra, typically for lithotripsy or TURP

urethroscopy

test that determines the amount of urea nitrogen, a waste product of protein metabolism, present in a blood sample

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

test that determines the causative organism of a disease and how the organism responds to various antibiotics

culture and sensitivity (C&S)

blood test used to detect prostatic disorders, especially prostatic cancer

prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

test that analyzes a semen sample for volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology to evaluate fertility or verify sterilization after a vasectomy

semen analysis

battery of tests performed on a urine specimen, including physical observation, chemical tests, and microscopic evaluation

urinalysis (UA)

imaging technique that rotates an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles

computed tomography (CT)

radiographic examination of the urinary bladder using a contrast medium

cystography

procedure that assesses volume and pressure in the bladder at various stages of filling using saline and a contrast medium introduced into the bladder through a catheter

cystometrography

radiographic examination of the kidneys, and urinary tract after IV injection of a contrast medium

intravenous pyelography

radiographic examination to determine the size, location, size, shape of the kidneys in relationship to other organs in the abdominopelvic cavity

kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB) radiography

radiology test in which radioactive materials called tracers are introduced into the patient and a specialized camera produces images by recording emitted tracers

nuclear scan

radiograph that uses high frequency sound waves and displays the reflected echoes on a monitor

ultrasound (US)

radiological exam of the bladder and urethra performed before, during, and after voiding using a contrast medium

voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

medical procedure used to filter toxic substances from the patients bloodstream, such as excess electrolytes and nitrogenous wastes

dialysis

method of removing waste substances from the blood by shunting it from the body, passing it through an artificial kidney machine where it is filtered, and returning the dialyzed blood to the patient's body

hemodialysis

removal of toxic substances from the body by perfusing the peritoneal cavity with a warm, sterile chemical solution

peritoneal dialysis

removal of all or part of the foreskin

circumcision

fixation of a floating or mobile kidney

nephropexy

removal of one or both testes

orchidectomy

procedure that involves inserting a retroscope into the urethra to "chip away" at the prostate gland to remove the obstruction and flushing out the chips and sending them for analysis to detect possible evidence of cancer

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

incision of a urethral stricture

urethrotomy

excision of all or a segment of the vas deferens

vasectomy