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Medical Terminology > CA III FInal > Flashcards

CA III FInal Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

malignant neoplastic disorder of lymphoid tissue (not related to Hodgkin disease)

A

lymphosarcoma

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2
Q

serious, life threatening bloodstream infection that may arise from other infections throughout the body; aka blood infection or blood poisoning

A

septicemia

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3
Q

laboratory test to detect the presence of antibodies, antigens, or immune substances

A

serology

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4
Q

blood test that measures the amount of antibodies in the blood; commonly used as an indicator of immune status

A

titer

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5
Q

test to determine the presence of pathogens in the bloodstream

A

blood culture

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6
Q

series of tests that includes hemoglobin, hematocrit, RBC, WBC, and platelet counts, differential WBC count, RBC indices, and RBC/WBC morphology

A

complete blood count (CBC)

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7
Q

test that enumerates the distribution of WBCs in a stained blood smear by counting the different kinds of WBCs and reporting each as a percentage of the total examined

A

differential count (diff)

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8
Q

measurement of the distance RBCs settle to the bottom of a test tube under standardized condition

A

erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)

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9
Q

measurement of the amount of hemoglobin found in a whole blood sample

A

hemoglobin (Hgb) value

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10
Q

measurement of the percentage of RBCs in a whole blood sample

A

hematocrit (Hct)

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11
Q

non-specific rapid serological test for infectious mononucleosis; aka heterophile antibody test

A

Monospot

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12
Q

measures the length of time it takes blood to clot. Screens for deficiencies of some clotting factors and monitors the effectiveness of anticoagulant (heparin) therapy

A

partial thromboplastin time (PTT)

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13
Q

measures the time it takes for the plasma portion of blood to clot. used to evaluate portions of the coagulation system

A

prothrombin time (PT)

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14
Q

mathematical calculation of size, volume, and concentration of hemoglobin for a RBC

A

red blood cell indices

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15
Q

used to assess the absorption of radioactive vitamin B12 by the digestive system

A

Schilling test

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16
Q

radiographic examination of lymph nodes after injection of a contrast medium

A

lymphadenography

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17
Q

radiographic examination of lymph vessels of tissues after injection of a contrast medium

A

lymphangiography

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18
Q

drawing in or out by suction

A

aspiration

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19
Q

uses a syringe w a thin aspirating needle inserted (usually into the pelvic bone) to withdraw a small sample of bone marrow fluid for microscopic examination

A

bone marrow aspiration

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20
Q

representative tissue sample removed from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis

A

biopsy

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21
Q

removal of a small core sample of tissue from bone marrow for examination under a microscope

A

bone marrow biopsy

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22
Q

removal of the sentinel node that receives drainage from cancer-containing areas and the one most likely to contain malignant cells

A

sentinel node biopsy

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23
Q

removal of a lymph vessel

A

lymphangiectomy

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24
Q

infusion of blood or blood components into the bloodstream

A

transfusion

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25
Q

transfusion prepared from the recipients own blood

A

autologous transfusion

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26
Q

transfusion prepared from another individual whose blood is compatible with that of the recipient

A

homologous transfusion

27
Q

grafting of living tissue from its normal position to another site or from one person to another

A

transplantation

28
Q

harvesting, freezing, and reinfusing the patients own bone marrow to treat bone marrow hypoplasia following cancer therapy

A

autologous bone marrow transplantation

29
Q

transplantation of bone marrow from one individual to another to treat aplastic anemia, leukemia, and immunodeficiency disorders

A

homologous bone marrow transplantation

30
Q

repeated inability to initiate or maintain an erection sufficient for sexual intercourse

A

erectile dysfunction (ED)

31
Q

accumulation of serous fluid in a saclike cavity, especially in the testis and associated structures

A

hydrocele

32
Q

developmental anomaly in which the urethra opens on the underside of the penis, or in extreme cases on the perineum

A

hypospadias

33
Q

stenosis or narrowing of the preputial orifice so that the foreskin cannot be retracted over the glans penis

A

phimosis

34
Q

inability to produce offspring; in the male, inability to fertilize the ovum

A

sterility

35
Q

swelling and distension of veins of the spermatic cord

A

varicocele

36
Q

screening test that assesses the rectal wall surface for lesions or abnormally firm areas that might indicate cancer

A

digital rectal examination (DRE)

37
Q

measures the contraction of muscles that control urination using electrodes placed in the rectum and urethra

A

electromyography (EMG)

38
Q

self-examination of the testes for abnormal lumps or swellings in the scrotal sac

A

testicular self-examination (TSE)

39
Q

endoscopy of the urinary bladder for evidence of pathology, obtaining biopsies of tumors or other growths, and removal of polyps

A

cystoscopy

40
Q

endoscopy of the kidneys

A

nephroscopy

41
Q

endoscopy of the urethra, typically for lithotripsy or TURP

A

urethroscopy

42
Q

test that determines the amount of urea nitrogen, a waste product of protein metabolism, present in a blood sample

A

blood urea nitrogen (BUN)

43
Q

test that determines the causative organism of a disease and how the organism responds to various antibiotics

A

culture and sensitivity (C&S)

44
Q

blood test used to detect prostatic disorders, especially prostatic cancer

A

prostate-specific antigen (PSA)

45
Q

test that analyzes a semen sample for volume, sperm count, motility, and morphology to evaluate fertility or verify sterilization after a vasectomy

A

semen analysis

46
Q

battery of tests performed on a urine specimen, including physical observation, chemical tests, and microscopic evaluation

A

urinalysis (UA)

47
Q

imaging technique that rotates an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles

A

computed tomography (CT)

48
Q

radiographic examination of the urinary bladder using a contrast medium

A

cystography

49
Q

procedure that assesses volume and pressure in the bladder at various stages of filling using saline and a contrast medium introduced into the bladder through a catheter

A

cystometrography

50
Q

radiographic examination of the kidneys, and urinary tract after IV injection of a contrast medium

A

intravenous pyelography

51
Q

radiographic examination to determine the size, location, size, shape of the kidneys in relationship to other organs in the abdominopelvic cavity

A

kidney, ureter, bladder (KUB) radiography

52
Q

radiology test in which radioactive materials called tracers are introduced into the patient and a specialized camera produces images by recording emitted tracers

A

nuclear scan

53
Q

radiograph that uses high frequency sound waves and displays the reflected echoes on a monitor

A

ultrasound (US)

54
Q

radiological exam of the bladder and urethra performed before, during, and after voiding using a contrast medium

A

voiding cystourethrography (VCUG)

55
Q

medical procedure used to filter toxic substances from the patients bloodstream, such as excess electrolytes and nitrogenous wastes

A

dialysis

56
Q

method of removing waste substances from the blood by shunting it from the body, passing it through an artificial kidney machine where it is filtered, and returning the dialyzed blood to the patient’s body

A

hemodialysis

57
Q

removal of toxic substances from the body by perfusing the peritoneal cavity with a warm, sterile chemical solution

A

peritoneal dialysis

58
Q

removal of all or part of the foreskin

A

circumcision

59
Q

fixation of a floating or mobile kidney

A

nephropexy

60
Q

removal of one or both testes

A

orchidectomy

61
Q

procedure that involves inserting a retroscope into the urethra to “chip away” at the prostate gland to remove the obstruction and flushing out the chips and sending them for analysis to detect possible evidence of cancer

A

transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP)

62
Q

incision of a urethral stricture

A

urethrotomy

63
Q

excision of all or a segment of the vas deferens

A

vasectomy

Medical Terminology (14 decks)

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