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GIGU > Midgut and Hindgut > Flashcards

Midgut and Hindgut Flashcards

1
Q

What does the midgut and hindgut include?

A

Intestines (minus duodenum) and rectum/anus

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2
Q

Is the jejunum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

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3
Q

Is the ileum intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?

A

Intraperitoneal

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4
Q

Where will you find plica circulae the most abundant?

A

(mucosal folds) Jejunum

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5
Q

What is the blood supply to the jejunum?

A

Long vasa recta from arterial arcades off the SMA (superior mesenteric artery)

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6
Q

What is the blood supply to the ileum?

A

Short vasa recta from arterial arcades off the SMA (superior mesenteric artery)

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7
Q

What are arterial arcades?

A

Anastomoses - so when the intestines are twisted, there will still be blood delivered

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8
Q

Where does the colon begin?

A

Ileocecal junction

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9
Q

What are the retroperitoneal organs?

A

SADPUCKER

  • Suprarenal glands
  • Aorta
  • Duodenum (parts 2-4)
  • Pancreas
  • Ureters
  • Colon (ascending and descending)
  • Kidneys
  • Esophagus
  • Rectum
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10
Q

What parts of the colon are intraperitoneal?

A

Cecum, transverse colon, sigmoid colon

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11
Q

What suspends the appendix, transverse colon and sigmoid colon?

A

Mesoappendix
Transverse mesocolon
Sigmoid mesocolon

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12
Q

Appendix is a part of what system?

A

Immune system

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13
Q

What are the 2 anal sphincters?

A

Internal - smooth muscle

External - skeletal muscle

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14
Q

What organs does the superior mesenteric artery supply?

A 
Pancreas
Duodenum
Small intestines (jejunum and ileum)
Cecum
Ascending and Transverse colon
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15
Q

At what level does the SMA come off the aorta?

A

L1

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16
Q

What are the main SMA branches?

A 
Jejunal and ileal branches
Inferior pancreaticduodenal
Middle colic
Right colic
Ileocolic
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17
Q

What organs does the inferior mesenteric artery supply?

A

Descending and sigmoid colon

Superior rectum

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18
Q

At what level does the IMA come off the aorta?

A

L3

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19
Q

What are the main IMA branches?

A

Left colic
Sigmoidal
Superior rectal

20
Q

What artery is created between a major anastomosis between the SMA and IMA?

A

Marginal artery

21
Q

What can the marginal artery help prevent?

A

Intestinal ischemia due to obstruction

22
Q

What is the 3 main blood supplies to the rectum?

A

Superior rectal
Middle rectal
Inferior rectal

23
Q

Describe the overall course of the sympathetics in the midgut/hindgut?

A

Nerves bypass the sympathetic chain and the presynaptic nerves synapse at ganglia

24
Q

What are the sympathetic nerves for the midgut/hindgut?

A

Greater, lesser, least thoracic splanchic
Lumbar splanchics
Sacral splanchics

25
Q

Levels of Greater thoracic splanchic nerve

A

T5-T9

26
Q

Where does the Greater thoracic splanchic nerve synapse?

A

Celiac ganglia

27
Q

Levels of the Lesser thoracic splanchic nerve

A

T10-T11

28
Q

Where does the lesser thoracic splanchic nerve synapse?

A

Superior mesenteric ganglia

29
Q

Levels of the least thoracic splanchic nerve

A

T12

30
Q

Where does the least thoracic splanchic nerve synapse?

A

Aorticorenal ganglia

31
Q

Levels of the lumbar splanchic nerves

A

L1-L5

32
Q

What are the 3 places the lumbar splanchic nerves synapse?

A

Superior mesenteric ganglia
Inferior mesenteric ganglia
Hypogastric ganglia

33
Q

Levels of the sacral splanchic nerves

A

S1-S5

34
Q

Where do the sacral splanchic nerves synapse?

A

Hypogastric ganglia

35
Q

What are the ganglia options for sympathetics to synapse at for midgut/hindgut innervation?

A 
Celiac
Superior mesenteric
Aorticorenal
Inferior mesenteric
Hypogastric
36
Q

What are the nerves for the parasympathetic innervation of the midgut/hindgut?

A

Vagus N.

Pelvic splanchic nerve

37
Q

What are the levels of the pelvic splanchic nerves

A

S2-S4

38
Q

Describe the course of the pelvic splanchic nerves

A
  • Carry pre-synaptic axons from sacral levels to join the hypogastric plexus
  • Then they travel to organs
  • Synapse on to post-synaptic neurons WITHIN the organ
39
Q

What organs are innervated by the pelvic splanchic nerves (parasympathetics)?

A

Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Anal canal

40
Q

Somatic afferent pathway is pain due to?

A

Irritation of the parietal peritoneum

41
Q

Describe the somatic afferent pathway

A

The brain interprets the pain as though irritation occurred in the skin of the region supplied by the same sensory ganglia and spinal cord segments as that region of affected peritoneum

42
Q

Is the somatic afferent pathway well localized?

A

YES

43
Q

Visceral afferent pathway is pain due to?

A

The organ itself

44
Q

Describe the visceral afferent pathway

A

Pain from the organ itself is sent to splanchic nerves that will take it to the spinal cord

45
Q

Is the visceral afferent pathway well localized?

A

NO

GIGU (29 decks)

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