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GIGU > Anterior Abdominal Wall/Inguinal Canal > Flashcards

Anterior Abdominal Wall/Inguinal Canal Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 reference planes for the abdomen?

A

RUQ
LUQ
RLQ
LLQ

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2
Q

What are the transverse planes of the abdomen?

A

Transpyloric plane
Subcostal plane
Transtubercle plane
Interspinous plane

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3
Q

What are the 8 abdominal regions?

A 
R/L Hypochondrium
Epigastric
R/L Flank
Umbilical 
R/L Inguinal 
Pubic
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4
Q

At what level is the transpyloric plane?

A

L1

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5
Q

The inferior border of the ___ costal cartilage is what plane?

A

10th; Subcostal plane

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6
Q

Between _____ is the transtubercle plane

A

Iliac tubercles

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7
Q

Between _____ is the interspinous plane

A

ASIS

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8
Q

How high can the abdominopelvic cavity extend?

A

4th intercostal space

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9
Q

What lines the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Peritoneum

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10
Q

What makes up the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Muscles, bones, CT

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11
Q

From superficial to deep, what are the fascial layers of the abdomen?

A

Integument
Camper’s Fascia
Scarpa’s Fascia

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12
Q

What is Camper’s Fascia made of?

A

Fatty layer of superficial fascia

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13
Q

What is Scarpa’s Fascia continuous with?

A

Fascia lata of lower limb AND Colle’s fascia of perineum

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14
Q

Fluid could flow from the Scarpa’s Fascia to where?

A

Superficial (Colle’s) Fascia of perineum

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15
Q

Most superficial abdominal muscle?

A

External Abdominal Oblique

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16
Q

What muscle creates the inguinal ligament, opening of the superficial inguinal ring and the lacunar ligament?

A

External Abdominal Oblique

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17
Q

Innervation and action of External Abdominal Oblique?

A

Ventral Rami

Compress abdomen, move and rotate trunk

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18
Q

What 2 muscles fibers run 90 degrees to each other?

A

External and Internal Abdominal Oblique

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19
Q

Innervation and action of Internal Abdominal Oblique?

A

T7-L1

Compress abdomen, support viscera, laterally flex and rotate trunk

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20
Q

Muscle fibers from what muscle run horizontally across the abdomen?

A

Transversus Abdominus

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21
Q

Innervation and action of transversus abdominus

A

T7-L1

Suppress and support abdominal viscera

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22
Q

This muscle has tendinous intersections, runs from pubic symphysis to 5-7 intercostal cartilages

A

Rectus Abdominus

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23
Q

Innervation and action of rectus abdominus?

A

T7-T12

Flex and compress abdomen

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24
Q

What is the rectus sheath?

A

Aponeuroses and fascia of muscles that encompass rectus abdominus

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25
Q

What is the arcuate line?

A

Sharp transition where all aponeuroses become anterior to rectus abdominus

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26
Q

Describe the rectus sheath above the arcuate line

A
  • The external abdominal oblique aponeurosis runs anteriorly to rectus abdominus
  • The internal abdominal oblique aponeurosis splits and runs both anteriorly and posteriorly to rectus abdominus
  • The transversus abdominus aponeurosis runs posteriorly to rectus abdominus
27
Q

Describe the rectus sheath below the arcuate line

A

ALL aponeuroses fun anteriorly to rectus abdominus

28
Q

Below the arcuate line, what is the rectus abdominus in contact with posteriorly?

A

Transversalis fascia

29
Q

What are the nerves of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

Thoraco-abdominal
Subcostal
Iliohypogastric
Ilioinguinal

30
Q

Where do the nerves of the anterior abdominal wall run?

A

Between internal abdominal oblique muscle and the transversus abdominus muscle

31
Q

Lymph vessels superior to the umbilicus drain where?

A

Axillary and parasternal lymph nodes

32
Q

Lymph vessels inferior to the umbilicus drain where?

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

33
Q

What forms the inguinal canal?

A

The end of the external abdominal oblique muscle rolls up to create the inguinal ligament that forms a shelf

34
Q

Entrance to inguinal canal and beginning of invagination of peritoneum into transversalis fascia

35
Q

Exit of inguinal canal

A

Superficial ring

36
Q

What runs in the inguinal canal in males?

A

Spermatic cord

37
Q

What runs in the inguinal canal in females?

A

Round ligament

38
Q

What nerves run in the inguinal canal?

A

Ilioinguinal nerve and the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve

39
Q

What nerve exits lateral to the spermatic cord?

A

Ilioinguinal nerve

40
Q

Gonads form near what level?

41
Q

What connects gonads to the future scrotal swellings?

A

Gubernaculum

42
Q

Out-pocketing of peritoneal cavity

A

Processus vaginalis

43
Q

Gonads descend along the ______ carrying vessels with them to the scrotum

A

Processus vaginalis

44
Q

Remains of the processus vaginalis around testes?

A

Tunica vaginalis

45
Q

What layers of the abdominal wall are carried down as the spermatic cord develops?

A

Transversalis fascia
Internal abdominal oblique muscle
External abdominal oblique muscle

46
Q

Undescended testes

A

Cryptorchid testes

47
Q

Cryptorchid testes increase your risk for?

A

Testicular cancer

48
Q

As the spermatic cord develops, the transversalis fascia becomes?

A

Internal spermatic fascia

49
Q

As the spermatic cord develops, the internal abdominal oblique muscle becomes?

A

Cremasteric muscle

50
Q

As the spermatic cord develops, the external abdominal oblique muscle becomes?

A

External spermatic fascia

51
Q

What are the spermatic cord contents?

A

Vas deferens
Testicular A. and V.
Gonadal nerves and lymphatics

52
Q

Peritoneal fluid accumulation in the tunica vaginalis

53
Q

How is hydrocele detected?

A

Transillumination - light passes through

54
Q

Blood accumulation in the tunica vaginalis

A

Hematocele

55
Q

Can transillumination occur with hematocele?

56
Q

Scrotum lymph drains where?

A

Superficial inguinal lymph nodes

57
Q

Testes lymph drains where?

A

Lumbar and pre-aortic lymph nodes

58
Q

As the ovaries begin to descend, the gubernaculum attaches to what?

59
Q

The gubernaculum creates what for females?

A

Ovarian ligament and round ligament of the uterus

60
Q

The round ligament enters the inguinal canal and attaches where?

A

Labial swellings

61
Q

Boundaries of inguinal (hasselbach’s) triangle?

A

Inguinal ligament
Lateral border of rectus abdominus
Lateral umbilical ligament

62
Q

Hernial sac alongside spermatic cord

A

Direct inguinal hernia

63
Q

Hernial sac within spermatic cord

A

Indirect inguinal hernia

64
Q

Hernia below inguinal ligament, common in women

A

Femoral hernia

GIGU (29 decks)

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