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GIGU > Mesentaries and Abdominal Foregut > Flashcards

Mesentaries and Abdominal Foregut Flashcards

1
Q

Parietal and visceral peritoneum are ____ with one another

A

Continuous

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2
Q

What are the functions of the parietal and visceral peritoneum?

A

Produce peritoneal fluid that reduces friction between abdominal organs and to produce antibodies/mobilize leukocytes (resists infection)

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3
Q

What is a mesentary?

A

Double layer of peritoneum that connects intraperitoneal organs to the abdominal wall

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4
Q

What runs within mesentaries?

A

Arteries, veins, nerves, lymphatics and variable amounts of fat that supply the organs attached

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5
Q

What is an omentum?

A

Collection of ligaments (tissue) that connect the organs to each other

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6
Q

List the peritoneal ligaments

A 
Hepatoduodenal
Hepatogastric
Gastrophrenic
Gastrosplenic
Gastrocolic
Splenorenal
Phrenocolic
Transverse mesocolic
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7
Q

Where is the lesser sac?

A

Space behind the lesser omentum

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8
Q

What is the greater omentum?

A

Tissue (ligaments) that drapes over anterior surface of intestines

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9
Q

Epiploic foramen

A

Opening connecting the greater and lesser sacs (spaces)

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10
Q

Anterior boundary of epiploic foramen

A

Hepatoduodenal ligament

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11
Q

Posterior boundary of epiploic foramen

A

Peritoneum

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12
Q

Superior boundary of epiploic foramen

A

Liver

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13
Q

Inferior boundary of epiploic foramen

A

1st part of duodenum

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14
Q

In what quadrant is most of the stomach?

A

LUQ

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15
Q

At what level is the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm?

A

T10

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16
Q

At what level does the esophagus enter the stomach and where?

A

T11

At the cardiac orifice

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17
Q

What are the parts of the stomach?

A 
Cardia
Fundus
Body
Pylorus 
Greater and lesser curvature
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18
Q

The greater curvature of the stomach connects to ____

A

Greater omentum

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19
Q

The lesser curvature of the stomach connects to _____

A

Lesser omentum

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20
Q

Hiatal hernia

A

Portion of the stomach that protrudes up through the esophageal hiatus of the diaphragm

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21
Q

2 types of hiatal hernias?

A
  1. Para-esophageal

2. Sliding

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22
Q

Para-esophageal hiatal hernia

A

Fundus herniates through the esophageal hiatus

- NO REGURGITATION

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23
Q

Sliding hiatal hernia

A

Cardia and some fundus herniate through the esophageal hiatus
- SOME REGURGITATION

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24
Q

Where is the spleen?

A

LUQ, parallel to ribs 9-11

25
Q

Where does the duodenum begin and end?

A

Begins at pylorus and ends at the level of L2 at the duodenojejunal junction

26
Q

How many parts of the duodenum are there?

A

4

27
Q

1st part of duodenum

A

Superior; begins traveling to the right

28
Q

2nd part of duodenum

A

Descends; contains openings of hepatopancreatic ducts

29
Q

3rd part of duodenum

A

Horizontal; crossed by superior mesenteric artery and vein

30
Q

4th part of duodenum

A

Ascends to join with jejunum

31
Q

Which parts of the duodenum are retroperitoneal?

A

2-4

32
Q

What ligament connects the duodenojejunal junction?

A

Ligament of Treitz

33
Q

Sympathetic innervation of foregut

A

T5-T9 from greater splanchic nerves

34
Q

Parasympathetic innervation of foregut

A

From anterior and posterior vagal trunks that pierce diaphragm at T10

35
Q

Where is the liver?

A

RUG, epigastric and can extend over to LUQ

36
Q

Diaphragmatic surface of liver

A

Conforms to concavity of diaphragm, no visceral peritoneum there and also in contact with inferior vena cava

37
Q

Visceral surface of liver

A

Covered with peritoneum, except where gallbladder and porta hepatis are located

38
Q

What is porta hepatis?

A

Transverse fissure on the liver that contains the portal triad

39
Q

Cirrhosis

A

Hepatomegaly and hobnail appearance of liver due to fatty changes and fibrosis

40
Q

The right lobe of the liver is bigger. What smaller lobes does it contain?

A

Caudate and quadrate lobes

41
Q

What are the ligaments of the liver?

A

Coronary ligament
Right and left triangular ligaments
Falciform ligament

42
Q

The falciform ligament of the liver separates what?

A

Right and left liver lobes

43
Q

The caudate lobe of the liver is between the falciform ligament and the?

A

IVC - inferior vena cava

44
Q

The quadrate lobe of the liver is between the falciform ligament and the?

A

Gallbladder

45
Q

Describe the dual blood supply of the liver

A
  1. Receives oxygenated blood from the heart via the hepatic artery
  2. Receives venous blood from the stomach, intestines, spleen and gallbladder via the hepatic portal vein which connects to the IVC
46
Q

What is in the portal triad?

A

Hepatic artery
Hepatic portal vein
Common bile duct

47
Q

What is the pringle maneuver?

A

Compressing the hepatic artery in order to stop the bleeding from the cystic artery during gallbladder removal surgery

48
Q

Where is the pancreas?

A

Behind lesser sac in epigastric region at level of L1-L2

49
Q

What are the parts of the pancreas?

A

Uncinate process, head, neck, body, tail

50
Q

The head of the pancreas sits where?

A

Adjacent to 2nd and 3rd parts of duodenum

51
Q

Function of gallbladder?

A

Stores and releases bile

52
Q

Parts of gallbladder?

A

Neck, body, fundus

53
Q

What connects the gallbladder to the liver?

A

The cystic duct connects to the common bile duct which is connected to the liver

54
Q

Describe the formation of the hepatopancreatic ampulla

A

Right and Left hepatic ducts form common hepatic duct

  • Joins with cystic duct to form bile duct
  • Bile duct joins with pancreatic duct to create hepatopancreatic ampulla
55
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Gallstones

56
Q

Gallstones are made of what?

A

Cholesterol crystals

57
Q

Where can gallstones lodge?

A

Cystic duct
Hepatic duct
Hepatopancreatic duct

58
Q

If gallstones lodge at hepatopancreatic duct, what happens?

A

Bile backs up into pancreas and can cause pancreatitis

59
Q

3 main arteries off the celiac trunk?

A

Common hepatic
Splenic
Left gastric

GIGU (29 decks)

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